Effect of Natural Fiber Hornification on the Fiber Matrix Interface in Cement Based Composite Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Rocha Ferreira ◽  
Flávio de Andrade Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto Lopes Lima ◽  
Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Water ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Fiber Cells ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Microstructural Surface ◽  
Efficiency Rate

Several fiber treatments can be applied to mitigate the high water absorption of vegetal fibers. Wetting and drying cycles are usually performed in the industry of paper and cellulose to reduce the volume variation of the natural fibers. This procedure stiffens the polymeric structure of the fiber-cells (process known as hornification) resulting in a higher dimensional stability. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the hornification on the interface of natural fibers. For this purpose, cycles of wet and drying was applied on Sisal, Curaua and Jute fibers. Fiber pull-out tests were performed in embedment lengths of 25mm. Furthermore, the influence of the hornification in the fibers mechanical (under tensile loading) and microstructural (surface modifications of the fiber and changes in the fiber-cell structure) behavior were investigated. The results indicate changes on the tensile strength and strain capacity of the studied fibers, showing that morphology and chemical composition play an important role on the efficiency rate of hornification.

Effect of Sisal Fiber Hornification on the Fiber-Matrix Bonding Characteristics and Bending Behavior of Cement Based Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Rocha Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Lopes Lima ◽  
Flávio Andrade Silva ◽  
Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Multiple Cracks ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Cycles of wetting and drying can change the microstructure of vegetable fibers through a mechanism known as hornification, which modifies the polymeric structure of the fiber-cells resulting in a higher dimensional stability. In the present work the influence of hornification on the sisal fiber-matrix bond adhesion as well as in the sisal fiber dimensional stability and mechanical behaviour under direct tension was evaluated. Furthermore, cementitious composites reinforced with randomly dispersed hornified sisal fibers were developed and characterized under bending loads. The results show that the tensile strength and strain at failure of the hornified sisal fibers were increased by about 5% and 39%, respectively, whereas the modulus of elasticity was reduced by 9%. The fibers also presented higher dimensional stability with the hornification process. The fiber-matrix bonding was improved and the pull-out resistance of the fibers submitted to ten cycles of wetting and drying was increased by about 40% to 50%. The higher fiber-matrix bond strength contributed to an increase in the ductility and post-cracking behaviour of the composite. The fracture process was characterized by the formation of multiple cracks with the hornified sisal fibers presenting a higher ability to bridge and arrest the cracks.

Information in United States Patents on works related to ‘Natural Fibers’: 2000-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krittirash Yorseng ◽  
Mavinkere R. Sanjay ◽  
Jiratti Tengsuthiwat ◽  
Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil ◽  
Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Structural Applications

Background: This era has seen outstanding achievements in materials science through the advances in natural fiber-based composites. The new environmentally friendly and sustainability concerns have imposed the chemists, biologists, researchers, engineers, and scientists to discover the engineering and structural applications of natural fiber reinforced composites. Objective: To present a comprehensive evaluation of information from 2000 to 2018 in United States patents in the field of natural fibers and their composite materials. Methods: The patent data have been taken from the external links of US patents such as IFI CLAIMS Patent Services, USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet, Global Dossier, and Discuss. Results: The present world scenario demands the usage of natural fibers from agricultural and forest byproducts as a reinforcement material for fiber reinforced composites. Natural fibers can be easily extracted from plants and animals. Recently natural fiber in nanoscale is preferred over micro and macro scale fibers due to its superior thermo-mechanical properties. However, the choice of macro, micro, and nanofibers depends on their applications. Conclusion: This document presents a comprehensive evaluation of information from 2000 to 2018 in United States patents in the field of natural fibers and their composite materials.

scholarly journals Characterization of a new natural fiber extracted from Corypha taliera fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Ahmed Tamanna ◽  
Shah Alimuzzaman Belal ◽  
Mohammad Abul Hasan Shibly ◽  
Ayub Nabi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Potential Alternative

AbstractThis study deals with the determination of new natural fibers extracted from the Corypha taliera fruit (CTF) and its characteristics were reported for the potential alternative of harmful synthetic fiber. The physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were investigated for CTF fibers. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization ensured a higher amount of cellulose (55.1 wt%) content and crystallinity (62.5%) in the CTF fiber. The FTIR analysis ensured the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. The Scherrer’s equation was used to determine crystallite size 1.45 nm. The mean diameter, specific density, and linear density of the CTF fiber were found (average) 131 μm, 0.86 g/cc, and 43 Tex, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was obtained 53.55 MPa for GL 20 mm and Young’s modulus 572.21 MPa for GL 30 mm. The required energy at break was recorded during the tensile strength experiment from the tensile strength tester and the average values for GL 20 mm and GL 30 mm are 0.05381 J and 0.08968 J, respectively. The thermal analysis ensured the thermal sustainability of CTF fiber up to 230 °C. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the new CTF fiber is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials.

PU composites based on different types of textile fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110316
Author(s):  
Nuno Gama ◽  
B Godinho ◽  
Ana Barros-Timmons ◽  
Artur Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Water ◽  
Textile Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recycled Composites

In this study polyurethane (PU) residues were mixed with residues of textile fibers (cotton, wool and synthetic fibers up to 70 wt/wt) to produce 100% recycled composites. In addition, the effect of the type of fiber on the performance of the ensuing composites was evaluated. The presence of fibers showed similar effect on the density, reducing the density in the 5.5-9.0% range. In a similar manner, the addition of fillers decreased their thermal conductivity. The 70 wt/wt wool composite presented 38.1% lower thermal conductivity when compared to the neat matrix, a reduction that was similar for the other type of fibers. Moreover, the presence of fillers yields stiffer materials, especially in the case of the Wool based composites, which with 70 wt/wt of filler content increased the tensile modulus of the ensuing material 3.4 times. This was attributed to the aspect ratio and stiffness of this type of fiber. Finally, the high-water absorption and lower thermal stability observed, especially in the case of the natural fibers, was associated with the hydrophilic nature of fibers and porosity of composites. Overall, the results suggest that these textile-based composites are suitable for construction and automotive applications, with the advantage of being produced from 100% recycled raw-materials, without compromised performance.

scholarly journals Valorization of Invasive Plants from Macaronesia as Filler Materials in the Production of Natural Fiber Composites by Rotational Molding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Zaida Ortega ◽  
Francisco Romero ◽  
Rubén Paz ◽  
Luis Suárez ◽  
Antonio Nizardo Benítez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber Composites ◽  
Rotational Molding

This paper compares the mechanical properties of different natural fiber composites produced by rotational molding as a way of waste valorization from campaigns to control invasive plant species in Macaronesia. Rotomolded parts produced with polymeric matrices (polyethylene) and filled with up to 20% by weight of cellulosic fibers obtained from Arundo donax L., Pennisetum setaceum, and Ricinus communis plants were characterized in terms of tensile, flexural, and impact strength. It was found that the sieving of natural fibers allowed for their introduction in higher loadings, from 10 (for un-sieved material) to 20%; fiber size greatly affected the mechanical properties of the final parts, although some combinations were proven not to reduce the mechanical properties of the neat resin. This study is a first approach to the valorization of residues obtained from periodic campaigns of the control of invasive species performed by public authorities, usually at the local level. It is important to highlight that the main objective of this research did not focus on economically profitable activity; instead, it was focused on the reduction of wastes to be disposed from ecosystem maintenance actions and the investment of potential income into preservation policies.

Predictions of the Mechanical Performance of Leaf Fiber Thermoplastic Composites by FEA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris M. AL-Oqla
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Natural Fiber Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Structural Applications

The available potential plant waste could be worthy material to strengthen polymers to make sustainable products and structural components. Therefore, modeling the natural fiber polymeric-based composites is currently required to reveal the mechanical performance of such polymeric green composites for various green products. This work numerically investigates the effect of various fiber types, fiber loading, and reinforcement conditions with different polymer matrices towards predicting the mechanical performance of such natural fiber composites. Cantilever beam and compression schemes were considered as two different mechanical loading conditions for structural applications of such composite materials. Finite element analysis was conducted to modeling the natural fiber composite materials. The interaction between the fibers and the matrices was considered as an interfacial friction force and was determined from experimental work by the pull out technique for each polymer and fiber type. Both polypropylene and polyethylene were considered as composite matrices. Olive and lemon leaf fibers were considered as reinforcements. Results have revealed that the deflection resistance of the natural fiber composites in cantilever beam was enhanced for several reinforcement conditions. The fiber reinforcement was capable of enhancing the mechanical performance of the polymers and was the best in case of 20 wt.% polypropylene/lemon composites due to better stress transfer within the composite. However, the 40 wt.% case was the worst in enhancing the mechanical performance in both cantilever beam and compression cases. The 30 wt.% of polyethylene/olive fiber was the best in reducing the deflection of the cantilever beam case. The prediction of mechanical performance of natural fiber composites via proper numerical analysis would enhance the process of selecting the appropriate polymer and fiber types. It can contribute finding the proper reinforcement conditions to enhance the mechanical performance of the natural fiber composites to expand their reliable implementations in more industrial applications.

Study on Thermal, Thermo-Mechanical, and Flexural Properties of Jute Fiber Surface Modification and Its Reinforced Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Syed Rashedul Islam ◽  
Abeer Alassod ◽  
Mohammed Kayes Patoary ◽  
Tayyab Naveed ◽  
Md Arshad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Composite Properties

In recent years, reinforced composites from biodegradable and natural fibers have a worldwide scope for advanced applications. However, the core limitation of natural fiber reinforced composites are poor consistency among supporting fibers and the matrix. Therefore, optimal structural performance of fibers and matrix is desirable. In this study, chemical treatments (i.e., alkali pretreatment, acid pretreatment, and scouring) were applied to jute fibers for improvement of composite properties. Thermal, thermo-mechanical, and flexural properties, and surface morphology, of untreated and treated jute fibers were studied on the treated fibers. Jute fiber/epoxy composite properties were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flexural strength and modulus, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The chemical treatments had a significant impact on the properties of jute fiber composites.

Buckling analysis of natural fiber reinforced composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Celal Çakıroğlu ◽  
Gebrail Bekdaş
Keyword(s):  
Composite Plate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Element Analysis

In the recent years natural fiber reinforced composites are increasingly receiving attention from the researchers and engineers due to their mechanical properties comparable to the conventional synthetic fibers and due to their ease of preparation, low cost and density, eco-friendliness and bio-degradability. Natural fibers such as kenaf or flux are being considered as a viable replacement for glass, aramid or carbon. Extensive experimental studies have been carried out to determine the mechanical behavior of different natural fiber types such as the elastic modulus, tensile strength, flexural strength and the Poisson’s ratio. This paper presents a review of the various experimental studies in the field of fiber reinforced composites while summarizing the research outcome about the elastic properties of the major types of natural fiber reinforced composites. Furthermore, the performance of a kenaf reinforced composite plate is demonstrated using finite element analysis and results are compared to a glass fiber reinforced laminated composite plate.

A modified resistance to compression (RtC) test for evaluation of natural fiber softness

2022 ◽  
pp. 004051752110694
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Christopher Hurren ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Xungai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Force ◽  
Different Diameters

Comfort is a key feature of any clothing that relates significantly to softness of the fiber, yarn and fabric from which is it constructed. A known softness assessment method for fibers is the resistance to compression test. This traditional test only provides a single force value for the resistance of a loose fiber sample using a fixed mass under compression. In this research, a modified resistance to compression test was introduced to show the effects of repeated compression, providing more information about the softness and resilience of selected fibers. Three different natural fiber types, including wool, cotton and alpaca were compared using this new approach. The results showed compression profiles were quite different for different fiber types as well as for the same fibers with different diameters. While the diameters of the wool and alpaca samples were similar (18.5 μm), the modified resistance to compression values were significantly higher for wool (with a peak value at 9.5 kPa compared to 2.1 kPa for alpaca). Cotton was different from wool and alpaca but showed a similar modified resistance to compression value (10.4 kPa) to wool. During cycles of compression, modified resistance to compression peak values decreased slightly and then tended to be constant. Even though the structures of wool, cotton and alpaca were quite different, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of decline in modified resistance to compression peak values. This means that the modified resistance to compression test is able to provide additional information on the resilience characteristics of different natural fibers, and can reveal the resistance behavior of fiber samples during cyclic compression.

A Review: Natural Fiber as Reinforcement in Waste Paper Recycling and its Processing Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K.A. Saferi ◽  
Y. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
The Right

As demand for clean and healthy environment, people make many alternate solutions to save the environment. To save trees and overcome landfill of waste material and waste disposal by burning activities issues (cause to losing energy and increase pollution), people nowadays take recycling as a recovery. Recycling waste paper into new product increased over the years. Shortage of wood supply required new sources of natural fiber for papermaking industry. Many researchers have studied new sources of natural fibers from non wood materials, such as oil palm residues, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), pineapple leaf, banana, and coconut fiber. Kenaf is choose as reinforcement agent for recycled waste paper to maximize the use of kenaf in industry application due its wide range of advantages where pineapple leaf are choose as reinforcement agent because abundantly of these material in Malaysia. Reinforcement of natural fiber into waste paper during recycling process expected to increased strength properties of final product. To understand the right and suitable processing method for kenaf fiber and pineapple leaf leaves previous work from other researchers are studied to investigate pulping procedure of natural fiber and its effect on mechanical strength.

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