Evaluation of the Energetic Valorization Potential of Polymeric and Textile Industrial Wastes

Among the solid wastes produced by textile industry, there is a significant amount of wastes with energetic value and which are usually sent to controlled landfills, without any recovery. This traditional route corresponds to high economical and environmental costs, since wastes can be used as a source of energy and/or materials. With the recycling route strongly restricted due to the presence of mixtures of different types of polymeric compounds, some of them not biodegradable, the study of the feasibility of energy recovery from such wastes is of upmost importance and the aim of the present work. Most of the wastes are valuable resources that can be used as raw materials or as an energy source to produce heat or electricity. In this work the potentiality of energy recovery from solid wastes of some of the Vale do Ave textile units was investigated. For that purpose, wastes have been characterized for their weight loss at 105°C, calorific value and ashes content (after burning out at 850°C). The chemical composition of the ashes was determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry. DSC-TGA tests were performed in two different atmospheres, air and argon, in order to evaluate the thermal behavior of the studied wastes. The characterized wastes showed calorific values not negligible, varying from 3500 to10400 kcal/kg (at dry base), similar to the results obtained by others authors and comparable to solid materials which are traditionally considered as fuels (sugar cane, lignite, etc). A weight loss at (105°C) lower than 6.5% and a maximum ashes content of 15% was achieved. However, some ashes present high contents of heavy metals, which can drives to environmental concerns. By the analysis of the thermal profiles it was found that wastes decomposition takes place at low temperatures (< 600°C) resulting in a small amount of the final solid fraction. Concerning the obtained results, the solid wastes collected from different textile units show high potential for energy recovery.

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Combustion behaviour of different types of solid wastes and their blends with lignite

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci170704219i ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 1077-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Iordanidis ◽

Argyro Asvesta ◽

Agapi Vasileiadou

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Inorganic Matter ◽

Different Types ◽

Value Determination

The combustion characteristics of blends of lignite with various organic waste materials are evaluated in this study in order to assess their potential for energy recovery. Different types of municipal solid waste (i. e. paper, plastic, textile, organic), as well as sewage sludge and agri-residues (sunflower shells) samples were collected from the Western Macedonia region, northern Greece. Mixtures of each one of them with lignite in different proportions (30-50-70 wt.%) were prepared. Proximate analysis, calorific value determination, and thermogravimetry (TGA/ DTG) were performed. Thermal parameters such as ignition temperature, total weight loss, maximum rate of weight loss, peak and burnout temperatures and burnout time were determined from the TG/DTG profiles of the raw materials and their blends. The combined utilization of proximate analysis, calorific value determination and TG/DTG method proved to be an effective method for a preliminary assessment of the energetic potential of raw solid waste ?combustible? materials and their blends with lignite. The analytical results revealed that most of the blends are promising for energy recovery. Regarding the raw wastes, sunflower shells were the most reactive. A non-synergistic effect was found for the blends. Organic and sewage sludge blends revealed the lowest combustibility, which is attributed to the high content of inorganic matter and the heterogeneity of these two types of wastes.

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Life Cycle Inventory of Gangue as Alternative Raw Materials

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.533 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 814 ◽

pp. 533-538

Author(s):

Zhen Guo Peng ◽

Xian Zheng Gong ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Chen Li ◽

Xiao Liu

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Life Cycle Inventory ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Economic Value ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Comprehensive Utilization

With the development of science and technology and industry level, solid wastes are fully utilized. Among which gangue is the solid waste generated in the process of coal mining, its comprehensive utilization rate is more than 60%. Environmental pollution in the process of coal mining is one of the typical environmental problems confronted in China. In this paper, the life cycle inventory (LCI) of gangue was acquired by the method of life cycle assessment and further environmental impact assessment was achieved as well. The results showed that environmental impacts based on allocation of calorific value were greater than that of economic value, and it’s about 3.68 times the impacts assigned by economic value. Therefore allocation of economic value was better.

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Rare Earth Elements Biorecovery from Mineral Ores and Industrial Wastes

10.5772/intechopen.94594 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Castro ◽

M. Luisa Blázquez ◽

Felisa González ◽

Jesús A. Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Green Economy ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical raw materials and are attracting interest because of their applications in novel technologies and green economy. Biohydrometallurgy has been used to extract other base metals; however, bioleaching studies of REE mineral extraction from mineral ores and wastes are yet in their infancy. Mineral ores have been treated with a variety of microorganisms. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganims are particularly relevant in the bioleaching of monazite because transform insoluble phosphate into more soluble form which directly and/or indirectly contributes to their metabolism. The increase of wastes containing REEs turns them into an important alternative source. The application of bioleaching techniques to the treatment of solid wastes might contribute to the conversion towards a more sustainable and environmental friendly economy minimizing the amount of tailings or residues that exert a harmful impact on the environment.

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Research on the Preparation and Properties of High Belite Sulphoaluminate Cement (HBSAC) Based on Various Industrial Solid Wastes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12091510 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1510 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dunlei Su ◽

Gongbing Yue ◽

Qiuyi Li ◽

Yuanxin Guo ◽

Song Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sintering Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Sulphoaluminate Cement ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Cement Clinkers

In this study, a variety of industrial solid wastes, including petroleum coke desulfurization slag, fly ash and carbide slag with natural resource bauxite, were used as raw materials to prepare high belite suphoaluminate cement, which contains a certain CaSO4 content without adding natural gypsum to the clinker. The sintering temperature, mineral composition, and the physical and mechanical properties of the cement clinkers were investigated. The techniques adopted included a comprehensive thermal analysis (DSC-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that it is completely feasible to prepare high belite sulphoaluminate cement with the various industrial solid wastes mentioned above and the utilization rate of the solid wastes is up to 80%. The sintering temperature ranges from 1225 °C to 1350 °C, and the optimal sintering temperature is approximately 1300 °C. The clinkers prepared at 1300 °C set and harden quickly and have a slightly higher water requirement of normal consistency. The mechanical strength is greatly affected by the CaSO4 and 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 contents and the most reasonable CaSO4 content is 15%.

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Characterisation of wastes collected from beaches, coastlines, marine surface cleaning processes and ships: A case study of Istanbul

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x19838619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 621-630

Author(s):

Mehmet Sinan Bilgili ◽

Elanur Adar ◽

Senol Yildiz ◽

Kadir Sezer

Keyword(s):

Energy Recovery ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Surface Cleaning ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Cruise Ships ◽

Different Types ◽

Marine Surface ◽

The Common ◽

Marine Waste

Marine waste management is crucial for Istanbul because of the significant location for intercontinental transition, international trade, tourism, industry and shipping. This study is the first one realised in Turkey for the detailed characterisation of marine waste. The amount and characteristics of solid wastes originating from beaches, coastlines, sea surface cleaning processes and ships (both cargo and cruise ships) were determined. It was observed that marine wastes includes a significant amount of recyclable materials. Although, it was ascertained that the amount and composition of waste differs according to the collecting sources, the majority of wastes are composed of different types of plastics. The average calorific value of marine waste was determined as 2500 kcal kg-1, which is higher than that of mixed municipal solid waste. There is a lack of studies on the pathways of disposal alternatives of marine waste after collection. As landfilling is the common pathway for disposal after collecting, it is clear that recycle/reuse and energy recovery options are possible for marine waste.

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Recovery of Industrial Wastes as Fillers in the Epoxy Thermosets for Building Application

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3490

Author(s):

Jakub Hodul ◽

Lenka Mészárosová ◽

Rostislav Drochytka

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Matrix ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Thermoset Composites ◽

Frp Composites ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Different Types ◽

Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽

Compressive And Flexural Strengths

Epoxy resins are currently used in many areas of construction, such as resistant coatings, anchors, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, grouts, etc. This paper deals mainly with epoxy composites that can be applied during the rehabilitation of concrete constructions. The influence of a filler type on epoxy thermoset composites was monitored, whilst three different types of epoxy resin were used in order to achieve a better representation and confirmation of the results. During the testing of fillers, these were mainly secondary raw materials, including pre-treated hazardous waste (neutralisation sludge), representing various shapes and sizes of particle, while their amount in the epoxy matrix was chosen with regard to optimal viscosity and workability. Physical and mechanical parameters, like compressive and flexural strengths, cohesion with the concrete and thermal expansion of the epoxy composites containing various fillers were determined. The microstructure of epoxy composites with a different filler type and chemical resistance against chemical aggressive media were all monitored. The microstructure of epoxy composites was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supported by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Computed tomography (CT) was also used for the evaluation of the cohesion of the epoxy composites with concrete and dispersion of the filler in the epoxy matrix.

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Minerālo izejvielu pielietošanas un stikla šķiedras defektu izpēte

Material Science and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.7250/msac-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 160-177

Author(s):

Janīna Sētiņa ◽

Gundars Mežinskis ◽

Vasilijs Akišins ◽

Laila Pētersone ◽

Inna Juhņeviča ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glass Fibre ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glass Melts ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

X Ray ◽

Experimental Glass ◽

Fibre Breakage ◽

Different Types ◽

Silicate Materials

Pētītas iespējas izmantot jaunas izejvielas stikla šķiedras ražošanā, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot Latvijas minerālām izejvielām – devona (Bāles atradne) un juras perioda (Skudras atradne un Pīlādžu atradne) kvarca smiltīm. Apstrādājot ūdenī Skudras atradnes kvarca smiltis, krāsojošo oksīdu daudzums samazināts līdz 0,066 %. Iegūto stiklu īpašību pārbaude parādīja attīrīto Skudru atradnes kvarca smilšu izmantošanas perspektīvu E-tipa stikla šķiedras ražošanā. Veikta arī citu šihtas izejvielu izpēte: kolemanīta, kianīta, kaļķakmens.Pielietojot augstas izšķiršanas spējas skenējošo elektronu mikroskopu, diagnosticēti stikla šķiedras defektu rašanās iemesli un izzināta to novēršanas iespēja.Study of Mineral Raw Materials and Defects in Glass FibresLatvian Devonian period sand from deposit Bāle and Jurassic period sand from deposit Skudra were studied, treated and compared with sand from existing Lithuanian supplier. Investigations of Latvian quartz sand showed that sand is characterized by surface impurities, which are easy to separate combining milling and water purification. These investigations and experimental glass melts using different types of sand confirmed that it is possible to use Latvian refined sand in glass industry.Other glass raw materials – colemanite, kyanite, kaolin, limestone – also have been examined.Glass fibre breakage points were studied using SEM, FTIR and X-Ray diffractions methods. Main reasons of glass fibre breakage are non-homogeneous glass and crystalline or gaseous inclusions coming from corrosion of refractory material. This article is result of the cooperation between Institute of Silicate Materials of Riga Technical University and JSC Valmieras stikla šķiedra.Keywords – glass, glass fibre, raw materials for glass, refined sand, glass defects

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Selective Disintegration Justification Based on the Mineralogical and Technological Features of the Polymetallic Ores

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11080851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 851

Author(s):

Tatiana Aleksandrova ◽

Nadezhda Nikolaeva ◽

Anastasia Afanasova ◽

Artyem Romashev ◽

Valentin Kuznetsov

Keyword(s):

Mutual Influence ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Textural Features ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

X Ray ◽

Theoretical Investigations ◽

Mineral Assemblages ◽

Different Types

Deterioration of mineralogical and physical characteristics of mineral raw materials results in the formation of the primary task for the comminution processes—reduction in the size of ore to obtain a material with a certain granulometric composition, which in turn is achieved by overgrinding of raw materials and, consequently, an increase in energy costs. The work aimed to justify the possibility of selective disintegration of mineral assemblages of polymetallic ores of various genesis at the stage of crushing based on in-depth investigation and revealing of interrelation and mutual influence of mineralogical-geochemical features, textural-structural and technological properties. Structural and textural features have been studied by the methods of computed X-ray microtomography. Experimental and theoretical investigations of mineralogical and technological parameters of raw materials, as well as research on crushing using different types of crushers, made it possible to substantiate the possibility of selective disintegration for polymetallic ores.

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Thermal behaviour of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ in Ca-rich ancient ceramic sherds and experimental ceramics

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.2010.074.4.747 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 747-771 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Rathossi ◽

P. Tsolis-Katagas ◽

C. Katagas

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Thermal Transformation ◽

White Mica ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Maximum Reaction ◽

Different Types ◽

Constituent Phase ◽

Ancient Ceramic ◽

Materials Used

AbstractA ‘metamorphic vermiculite’-like phase was identified in Ca-rich ancient ceramic sherds from excavations in NW Peloponnese, Greece. Archaeometric investigations have shown that the raw materials used in the production of ancient ceramics were derived from local Plio-Pleistocene sediments. Analysis by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ is a common constituent phase of these sediments occurring in three texturally different types: as interstratified white mica-chlorite and chlorite-vermiculite, and white mica-(white mica-chlorite) stacks. In an attempt to elucidate the thermal transformation of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ present in the calcareous raw materials, we produced experimental ceramics made from these local raw materials and fired them at 700, 750, 850, 950 and 1050°C in a static air furnace. The mixed-layered chlorite-vermiculite was transformed completely at ∼800°C contributing to the formation of new high-Tminerals. The two other types of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ retain their original lath-like shape up to 1050°C and only a few crystals show that they have undergone complete transformation at this temperature. In the latter crystals, numerous nanocrystals were formed sub-parallel to the former cleavages of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ pseudomorphs, suggesting their contribution to the nucleation of high-Tminerals (i.e. ferrian aluminian diopside, spinel, Fe oxides) by reactions with the available CaO. It is suggested that the firing conditions (i.e. maximum reaction temperature of 1050°C, reaction time of 1 h, oxygen atmosphere) which promote disequilibrium reactions, and the greater contribution of the white mica constituent against chlorite in some of the initial structures of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ may be responsible for the delay of its thermal decomposition at 1050°C.

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Experimental studies of burning plant pellets in a domestic boiler

Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply ◽

10.32347/2409-2606.2021.37.13-23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

B. Basok ◽

B. Davydenko ◽

L. Kuzhel ◽

O. M. Lysenko ◽

A. Veremiichuk

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Engineering Thermophysics ◽

Industrial Country ◽

National Academy Of Sciences ◽

Different Types ◽

Individual Household ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Academy Of Sciences

In recent years, biofuels have increasingly been used as fuel in Ukraine. Ukraine is an agro-industrial country with great potential for the production and use of pellets of plant origin. Our country ranks 6th in the world for the production of such biofuels as pellets, but most of them (about 85 %) are exported abroad. This is due to the low demand for pellets in the domestic market. Cereal straw can be used in municipal energy. The amount of straw left after harvest is sufficient for its use as fuel. This biofuel in its composition and calorific value is close to such traditional fuels as wood and peat. Also, raw materials for bio-pellets can be sunflower husks and energy crops. The main objectives of this work are experimental studies of the combustion of different types of agropellets. An experimental installation of a solid fuel boiler with a pellet burner was developed and implemented at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to study the peculiarities of pellet combustion. With the help of the developed measurement system based on a comb with thermocouples, which is located above the torch in the boiler, the temperature regime in the boiler volume was studied and the peculiarities of the pellet burning process in the burner were determined. As a result of the work, experimental studies of the peculiarities of burning pellets of agricultural origin, namely straw (barley, wheat) and pellets from corn cobs were carried out. On the basis of the constructed graphic dependences the characteristic features of temperature modes of work of a household copper at burning of agropellets were defined. The use of the results is possible in the communal and industrial heat energy, social and budgetary sphere and individual household sector.

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