scholarly journals The prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among Adults in Goni Gora Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu J.C. Igboanusi ◽  
Istifanus Anekoson Joshua ◽  
Julius Henry ◽  
Awawu Grace Nmadu ◽  
Mary Ojoneme Onoja-Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Average Monthly Income

Obesity is an epidemic disease in many developed countries and an emerging public health problem in developing countries, particularly in urban settings.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the associated factors among adult residentsin Goni Gora community in Kaduna State. The study was conducted in Goni Gora a semi-urban setting in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria in January 2017. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 192 adult residents in the community. Data was collected using structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire using mobile data collection method (Epiinfo™ version 7.2). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. The level of significance was set at a P value of ≤0.05. The majority of the respondents (32.3%) were within the age group of 20-29 years. The mean age of respondents was 34.6±13.1 years and males (52.1%) comprised the majority of the respondents. All the respondents were Christians with 55.2% of them being married. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 6.7% and 1.1% respectively. Age (P=0.001), sex (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.002), average monthly income (P=0.004) and duration of physical activities per day (P=0.001) were found to be associated with overweight and obesity. There was, however, no association found between obesity and educational status (P=0.195). Overweight and obesity were found to be prevalent among the respondents in the study. Factors such as age, gender, marital status, average monthly income and duration of physical activities per day were found to be associated with overweight and obesity. There is a need to mount intervention programs that are targeted at prevention and control of overweight and obesity in the community.

scholarly journals Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemal H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus is a virus that causes Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires and interview. A total of ETB 81,120.00 was utilized to carry out the study. Result: plasma viral load was suppressed below detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference were observed in category of marital status (p-value 0.023) and baseline CD4 values (p-value 0.023) whereas no significant difference were observed in Educational status (p-value 0.404), MUAC (p- value 0.407) BMI(p-value 0.335) and BTB(p-value 0.257). Estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was age group between 50-59 years. Conclusion: Estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4.

scholarly journals Obesity and Overweight in Relation to Hypertension and Associated Risk in School Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Gorantla Naresh Babu ◽  
P. Jameela ◽  
S. Jafar Sharif ◽  
A. Ramya ◽  
K. Ziyaul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aim: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The main aim of this study is to assess obesity and overweight in school children and their relationship to hypertension and associated risk factors. Study Design: Population based cross sectional study. Results and Discussion: A total number of 712 students with age group between 7-12 years from different school were screened for their height, weight and body mass index. The present study was aimed to assess obesity and overweight in school children and their relationship to hypertension and associated risk factors.  Under weight and healthy weight children are engaged in physical activities like playing in ground and thus they are healthy where the children who found as overweight and obese were not engaged in physical activities regularly and thus this might be the reason for their overweight and obesity. At the same time the children who found as obese and overweight were said that they were having fast foods twice a day. Conclusion: In order to get rid of these risks and their associated cardiovascular risks, their food habits must be changed and physical activities needs to be improved.

scholarly journals Attitude and Its’ associated factors towards Mental Illness Among Residents of Mertule Mariam Town, Northern Ethiopia: Mixed Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Yeshanew ◽  
Zegeye Yohannis ◽  
Shegaye Shumet ◽  
Dessie Abebaw ◽  
Asmare Belete
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Mental illness affects cognition, emotion, and behavior of an individual. It accounts for 13% of the global burden of diseases. About 76% and 85% of people in low and middle-income countries with severe mental illness did not receive treatment due to fear of expected discrimination and stigma to diagnosed people with mental illness. There are no published works on the attitude of the community in this study area. This study aimed to assess the attitude and its’ predictors towards mental illness among residents of Mertule Mariam town, Ethiopia 2017. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2017. Data were collected from 964 participants using Community Attitude to Mental Illness Inventory (CAMI). Data were entered using epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the associated factors to attitude. Result: The response rate was 98.2% with the sex distribution of 58.5% (554) males. The attitudes of the community were more authoritarian (52.8%), less benevolent (52.3%), more socially restrictive (38.8%) and positive to mental health service (59.2%). Age [AOR=2.50, CI 1.56-4.23, P-value= 0.001], educational level, occupational status, getting information about mental illness, and knowing someone who has mental illness have been significantly associated to authoritarianism. Age (18-24) [AOR=3.08(1.5-6.3) p-value=0.002], educational status, occupational status and getting information about mental illness were the significant variables for benevolence subscale. Age, marital status, getting information about mental illness [AOR=0.02, CI 0.05-0.75, P-value <0.05], sources of information were significant variables for social restrictiveness subscale. Marital status, occupational status, history of mental illness, relationship with mentally ill, and involved in caring for mentally ill [1.85(1.28-2.65)**] were significantly associated factors for community mental health ideology. Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of this study showed that the attitude of residents of Mertule Mariam town was more authoritarian (undermining), less benevolent, less socially restrictive (less socially avoidant) and more positive for mental health service. The positive attitude of the participant was associated with getting information about mental illness. Using mass media and health institutions to disseminate information about mental health is essential to improve the attitude of the community.

scholarly journals Knowledge Of Glaucoma And Associated Factors Among Adults In Gish Abay Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Jun 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewdu Yenegeta Bizuneh ◽  
Ayanaw Tsega ◽  
Yezinash Addis ◽  
Fisseha Admassu
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Eye Examination

Abstract Introduction: Glaucoma is a global public health problem and it is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and the fifth cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Even though public knowledge of glaucoma is a key for early case identification and prevention of blindness, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions difficult. Objective: To assess knowledge of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Gish Abay town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018 Methods: A Community based cross - sectional study design with systematic random sampling technique was used to select 630 adults. The study was conducted from April 25-May 05, 2018. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Binary logistic regression model and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence level was used to identify the significant factors associated with knowledge of glaucoma. P–value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: About 594 adults were participated with a response rate of 94%. Nearly 52% of the participants were females with median age of 28 years. The proportion of good knowledge was demonstrated in 68.9% [95% CI; 61, 75.9]. Educational status: secondary education [AOR; 4.01: 1.15, 13.94], college and above [AOR; 4.49: 1.31, 15.32], history of eye examination [AOR; 2.86: 1.05, 7.79] and younger age (18-22) [6.39: 1.82, 22.41] were positively associated with good knowledge of glaucoma. Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of good knowledge of glaucoma was high. Better educational status, younger age, eye examination at least once in life and higher income level were associated with better knowledge of glaucoma. Recognizing the severity of glaucoma, enhancing knowledge is paramount at the community.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249024
Author(s):  
Misganaw Gebrie Worku ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Adolescent Fatherhood

Background Though the consequences of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood has been studied very well, little is known about the magnitude as well as the determinants of adolescent fatherhood. Unlike adolescent motherhood, limited public health programs are working on adolescent fatherhood. Currently, in developed countries, there is an increased work to acknowledge teen fathers in clinical practice and in the research forum, but still, there are more issues that need to be addressed in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia based on the nationally representative survey. Methods This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 4455 adolescent men was included for the final analysis. For the associated factors, multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to consider the hierarchical nature of the EDHS data. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and deviance (-2LLR) were used for model comparison and for assessing model fitness. The model with the largest adjusted R2, lowest Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and the smallest cross-validation prediction error were considered as the best-fitted model. In the multivariable analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare the presence of statistically significant factors associated with adolescent fatherhood, and variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as a significant variable. Results The prevalence of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia was 6.79% [95%CI; 6.08%, 7.56%]. Adolescent men with contraceptive knowledge [AOR = 4.25; 95%CI = 1.23, 14.69], age in 20 to 24 years [AOR = 7.93; 95%CI = 3.66, 17.27] and being Muslim [AOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.02, 3.39] were significantly associated with Higher odds of adolescent fatherhood. Individuals who initiate sex lately [AOR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.22, 0.54], being in female-headed family [AOR = 0.46; 95%CI; 0.26, 0.82] and being from Amhara region [AOR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.14, 0.84] were significantly associated with lower odds of adolescent fatherhood. Conclusion In this study, adolescent fatherhood was a common public health problem in Ethiopia as it is closely linked with poor quality of life and premature death (year of potential life lost). Age of respondent, knowledge of respondent about contraceptive methods, early initiation of sex, religion, sex of household head, and region were significantly associated with adolescent fatherhood. Therefore, program planners and decision-makers should give special attention to adolescent men through enhancing reproductive health services utilization and their knowledge towards it to decrease the incidence of adolescent fatherhood.

scholarly journals Patients’ Adherence to Anti-diabetic Medications and Associated Factors in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110674
Author(s):  
Jafer Siraj ◽  
Turi Abateka ◽  
Oliyad Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: A number of medications have been demonstrated to lower blood glucose. However, current-day management has failed to achieve and maintain the optimal glycemic level for diabetic patients. Patients’ non-adherence is among the most contributing factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications and associated factors. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data were collected by structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. Then, data were entered into SPSS version 25 and analyzed. To determine the association of dependent and independent variables, multiple logistic regression was done. P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 275 study participants were interviewed with a response rate of 100%. From this 53.8% were females, 59.3% were in the age group of 41-60 years, 35.3% were college/university graduates and 79.3% were not using social drugs. One hundred eighty-seven (68%) of them were adherent to their anti-diabetic medication. Factors found to be significantly associated with anti-diabetic medication adherence were age >60 years (AOR = .276, 95% CI = .124-.611) attending higher education (AOR = 6.203, 95% CI = 1.775-21.93), retired (AOR = 7.771, 95% CI = 1.458-41.427), housewife (AOR = 7.023, 95% CI = 1.485-33.215), average monthly income 1001birr-2000 birr (AOR = .246, 95% CI = .067-.911) and social drug use (AOR = 3.695, 95% CI = 1.599-8.542). Forgetfulness, not affording, side effects, misunderstanding of instructions, and poly-pharmacy were identified reasons for non-adherence. Conclusions and Recommendations: Patients’ adherence to anti-diabetic medications in the current study is sub-optimal. Age, monthly income, level of education, occupational status, and social drug use were associated with adherence. Forgetfulness, not affording, and side effects were reasons identified to contribute to non-adherence. Therefore, adherence counseling, use of alarms, and the way to mitigate non-affordability, including anti-diabetic medications into a program drug should be considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among adolescent girls and boys at 10-14 years in rural western China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghai Zhu ◽  
Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽  
Yue Cheng ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Shaoru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Western China ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among young adolescent girls and boys in rural western China is limited. Methods: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors for anemia. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 65% (95% CI 7%, 87%) less likely to be anemic, compared with those of whom had <3 years. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (p-value for interaction was 0.04): males with greater than mild puberty development had 65% (95% CI 17%, 85%) reduced odds of anemia while there was no association among females (OR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods, eggs, and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day were associated with 42% (95% CI 11%, 62%), 40% (95% CI 7%, 62%) and 32% (95% CI 4%, 52%) reduced odds of anemia, respectively. Conclusions: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.

Coagulopathy and Its Associated Factors Among Bleeding Diathesis Patients Attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melak Aynalem ◽  
Elias Shiferaw ◽  
Yemataw Gelaw ◽  
Bamlaku Enawgaw
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Coagulation Test ◽  
Factor Deficiency ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Coagulopathy is the major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Globally, about 26 - 45% of healthy people have a history of bleeding symptoms, which may be a result of thrombocytopenia, factor deficiency, or pathological inhibitory.Objective: To assess coagulopathy and its associated factors among bleeding diathesis patients attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital from January to May 2020.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 study participants with bleeding diathesis recruited by using a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by using questioners. Then 6ml venous blood was collected with a needle and syringe method. About 3ml blood was transferred to EDTA test tube for platelet count and 2.7ml blood was transferred to a test tube containing 0.3ml of 3.2% sodium citrated anticoagulant for coagulation test. For those study participants with prolonged coagulation tests, a mixing test was done to differentiate the causes of coagulopathy whether factor deficiency or inhibitors. Blood film and stool examination were also done for malaria and intestinal parasite identification, respectively. The data were entered into EPI-Info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS version-20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized as percentages, means, and standard deviations. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors, and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: In this study, the prevalence of coagulopathy was 253/384 (65.9%; 95% CI: 61.16, 70.64). From them, 21.3% (54/253), 51.4% (130/253), and 27.3% (69/253) had only thrombocytopenia, only prolonged coagulation test, and mixed abnormality, respectively. Among participants with prolonged coagulation time, the prevalence of factor deficiency was 21.1% (42/199). Cardiac disease (AOR = 4.80; 95% CI: 2.65, 23.1), and other chronic diseases (AOR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.84, 35.58) were significantly associated with coagulopathy.Conclusion: Coagulopathy due to inhibitory was a public health problem. The participant with cardiac and other chronic disease was associated with coagulopathy. Therefore, mixing tests could done for all prolonged coagulation test and it could be considered as a routine laboratory test.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Correlates with Age but Not with Sleep Duration in Nepalese Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
M Amatya ◽  
Binu Gorkhali ◽  
M N Islam ◽  
S Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleep Habit

INTRODUCTION: The problem of overweight and obesity has been recognized as public health problem worldwide. This study was done to measure incidence of overweight and obesity in Nepalese adult population and to explore correlation of body mass index (BMI) with sleep habits.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: BMI was calculated from measured height and weight; sleep habit information was gathered from participants' recall. Participants were grouped into 4 BMI classes and 3 sleep groups. Groups were compared for age, gender, and other variables by ANOVA and Chi square.  RESULTS: Of the total 241 participants, 72.2% (n=174) were male. Sleep duration was adequate for 80.2% participants; 37% were overweight, 5% were obese, and 1% were underweight. BMI had no correlation with sleep duration (p value 0.753) but strongly correlated with age (p value 0.000).  CONCLUSION: Incidence of overweight and obesity is high in the Nepalese adult population. BMI is not correlated to sleep duration in Nepalese population as reported for other countries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12037  Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 15-18

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls and Boys at 10-14 Years in Rural Western China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghai Zhu ◽  
Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽  
Yue Cheng ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Shaoru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Western China ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background:Evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among young adolescentgirls and boys in rural western Chinais limited.Methods: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the riskfactors for anemia.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 65% (95%CI 7%, 87%) less likely to be anemic, compared with those of whom had <3 years. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (p-value for interaction was 0.04): males with greater than mild puberty development had 65% (95% CI 17%, 85%) reduced odds of anemia while there was no association among females (OR:0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods, eggs,and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day wereassociated with 42% (95% CI 11%, 62%), 40% (95% CI 7%, 62%) and 32% (95% CI 4%, 52%) reduced odds of anemia, respectively.Conclusions: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.

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