scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of adverse events following immunisation among children less than 24 months attending immunisation clinics in Kano, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajara I. Maizare ◽  
Fatimah I. Tsiga-Ahmed ◽  
Abubakar M. Jibo ◽  
Aishatu L. Adamu ◽  
Rabiu I. Jalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Immunisation Service ◽  
Mild Fever

Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI) contribute to child morbidity and mortality as they often lead to low uptake of vaccines with consequent persistence of vaccine-preventable diseases. It is essential to assess the prevalence of AEFIs in northern Nigeria, where misconceptions about immunisation exist. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of AEFI among children less than 24 months after attending immunisation clinics in Kano, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods design, adapted intervieweradministered questionnaires were assigned to a cross-section of 384 mother-baby pairs who presented to the immunisation clinics of selected primary healthcare centres (PHCs) within metropolitan Kano. This was followed by six sessions of focus group discussion with a sub-sample of the mothers. Logistic regression and the framework approach were used to analyse the data. The prevalence of AEFI was (43.5%, n=164), and most cases (72.4%, n=273) were mild. Fever was the most common type of AEFI reported (66.5%, n=109) and was higher among infants less than three months (44.5%, n=73). Age of the index child was the only significant predictor of AEFI (OR:0.18, 95% CI: 0.10-0.35). Our study shows that AEFI was common among children less than 24 months old in Kano. We recommend sensitisation and health education of caregivers using valuable communication strategies and sufficient training of immunisation service providers on professional ways to deliver these vaccines safely.

scholarly journals Optimizing the patient information material for cancer patients using the participatory health research approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Salm
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
End Users ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Participatory Health Research ◽  
External Evaluators

Abstract By applying the PHR, a literature-based assessment catalogue was designed and piloted (PIM-check list) with the PIM optimization team (experts, network supporters and experienced end-users). It contains altogether 31 criteria that are clustered into: (1) correctness & validity, (2) 'content-related readability', (3) 'structural readability' and (4) 'graphic-/formatting-related readability'. The PIM is assessable through a traffic light rating system. This simple rating system enables not only experts, but also the end-users (cancer patients) to easily evaluate the PIM without initial and complex training. Moreover, for each criterion, an open text field is provided to write in suggestions for improvement. The available isPO PIM were assessed with this instrument by three groups: (1) experts (network supporters & external evaluators), (2) self-help representatives, and (3) isPO programme service providers. Several feedback loops encouraged all participants to provide critical feedback. In addition to the improvement suggestions from the completed PIM-check lists, a hierarchical overview of the PIM was developed by the PIM-optimization team. It highlights the moment of being in contact with the PIM, the specification of the target group and the depth of information in the specific PIM. These aspects were also considered when creating two new PIM (poster & one-pager document concerning the study consent form). In addition, a uniform design for the 'door-opener' PIM (poster & flyer) was aimed to be a “recognition factor”. Both the optimized and newly designed PIM were presented to and assessed by experienced cancer patients that do not participate in isPO. Suggestions for further improvements were integrated by the PIM-team. The PIM were presented to the isPO service providers for further optimization proposals. A final test for its comprehensibility was conducted using experienced patients in a focus group discussion, and the new PIM were implemented in the field.

scholarly journals Adverse events following immunization with pentavalent vaccine in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sharad Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Pentavalent Vaccine ◽  
Mild Fever

Background: Immunizations currently save 3 million lives per year throughout the world and is one of the most cost-effective health interventions. The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) and WHO recommended the use of pentavalent to replace the DPT vaccine in developing countries. Vaccines related most side effects are mild and non-serious. Surveillance of adverse events following immunization will enable us to monitor the safety of immunization programs and thereby contribute to validating the immunization program. The main aim of this study is to analyze all suspected adverse events in children reported for pentavalent vaccination.Methods:A prospective, observational epidemiological study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics OPD at tertiary care teaching institute during October 2016 to December 2016. The study was conducted amongst 190 children attending the department of Paediatrics OPD for the second or third dose of pentavalent vaccine.Results: The study shows the following adverse effects after pentavalent injection  127 (66.8%) children had pain at the site of injection, 103(54.2%) mild fever, Swelling at injection site 84(44.2%) and 55(28.9%) children held their leg back due to pain. In majority 85 (44.7%) of children antipyretic and in 65 (34.2%) children analgesic was given was given to relieve the symptoms. The parents were very positive for completing their children’s immunization schedule even though they have faced few symptoms.Conclusions:It can be concluded that all the adverse events reported were mild and could be managed easily without any complications. 

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Virtual Education and Group-Based Education on Anthropometric Indices in Overweight and Obese Healthcare Women - An Educational Intervention Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2778-2783
Author(s):  
Soraya Siabani ◽  
Farahnaz Zare ◽  
Hossein Ashtarian ◽  
Mitra Darbandi ◽  
Mansour Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Virtual Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Obesity is the main cause or the facilitator of many physical and psychological diseases worldwide, specifically in developing countries including Iran.(1,2) It is estimated that worldwide about 3% of total health expenditure is spent annually on the treatment of obesity related disorders.(3) We wanted to compare the efficacy of two methods of education including virtual education through Telegram messages and group discussion, on anthropometric indices in health care service providers suffering from overweight or obesity in Kermanshah. METHODS This three-arm randomized control trail (RCT) was conducted on 102 overweight/obese female healthcare providers in Kermanshah. Using Excel RAND function, the eligible participants were randomly allocated into three groups; two intervention groups- Telegram message, and group discussion - and one control group. Anthropometric indices including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured using standard instruments. Data was analysed with SPSS16 using Independent and Paired t-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA. The significance level was considered as p≤0.05. RESULTS Participants’ mean age was 41.9 ± 6.3 years. Mean of BMI was 29.8±3.8 Kg/m2. The mean of weight, BMI and HC of the three groups were not significantly different before intervention; however, the mean of the changes for all three variables in the intervention groups were significantly different (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Telegram and group discussion were effective on anthropometric indices of healthcare providers; however, comparing the mean change of variables in two intervention groups showed that Telegram method was more effective than group discussion in Weight, BMI, WC, and HC reduction (p<0.05). KEY WORDS Anthropometric Indices, Health Education, Health Personnel, Obesity

scholarly journals Incidence of adverse events after discharge from a secondary hospital in northern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Inusah D. Iddrisu ◽  
Akwasi Anyanful ◽  
Samuel V. Nuvor
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Secondary Hospital ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Adverse events involve unintended injuries or complications resulting in death, disability, harm or prolonged hospital stay that arise from health care management. This paper aims at giving insight into the incidence, types and severity of adverse events after hospital discharge in the context of the management/care patients received from the hospital.Methods: A descriptive cohort study design was used in a secondary hospital in Ghana. The study population involved patients discharged from the medical, surgical and emergency wards of the Hospital. A total of 206 patients were recruited through a consecutive sampling technique.Results: The findings revealed an adverse events rate of 25.7%. The study also identified adverse events related to medications to be the leading type of adverse events recorded after discharge from the hospital. There were 3.9% death rate among participants 21 days after discharge from the hospital. The study revealed that adverse events usually occur after discharge from the hospitals which differ in several forms and in severity.Conclusions: These, therefore offer nurses and other service providers an opportunity to target the areas for improvement of services.

scholarly journals ICT and Agriculture Development A Farm Level Case of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Agriculture Development

The main objective of this research is to assess the status of satisfaction level of ICT   use for knowledge gain and skill adoption on Agriculture Information need and its use for sustainable agriculture transformation towards derivation of market. For this purpose Dhaitar Bhanjhang  Mahadevsthan 2 Mmahadevsthan and Patlekhet-8 Kalchebesi VDC’s of  Kavrepalanchowk out of seventy seven districts is selected.  Information’s were collected from a purposive sample of 98 farmers during January 2017. Four methods were used in the process of finalizing data collection instruments. Information were collected through  four  tools face-to-face interview by using personal interview schedule, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), key-informant interview (KII) and consultation with experts from public and NGO sector extension service providers,   A sample 98 was purposively selected due to the nature of research. Likert scales were developed and used in order to measure the concerned variables. Correlation test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned variables. More than one third (37.3 percent) of the farmers were found to use mobile phones for receiving agricultural information, while 21.3 percent used internet facilities provided by  national and international  web media. Only 2 percent farmers were found having use of smart phone. The use of ICT is used mainly in the case of market derived vegetable production and its prices at different market. 

scholarly journals Identifying the Psychosocial Aspects of Crowd during Pilgrimage: The Experiences of a Group of Pakistani Female Hajj Pilgrims (Mengenalpasti Aspek Psikososial Orang ramai Yang Bersesak Semasa Haji: Pengalaman Kumpulan Jama'ah Haji Wanita Pakistan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-435
Author(s):  
Shukran Abd Rahman ◽  
Jasni Sulong ◽  
Zarina Mat Saad ◽  
Nor Diana Mohd Mahudin ◽  
Zulkarnain Ahmad Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Hajj Season ◽  
Negative Feelings

Hajj is a series of activities which involve the presence of many people of diverse backgrounds in specific sites. It is an annual event which necessitates Muslims from all over the world to travel to Makkah during the Hajj season. The participation in hajj involves a number of remarkable experiences by the pilgrims who encounter various new incidents that involve their physical, psychosocial and social experiences. Despite the widely reported accounts of hajj, less has been conducted to study the experience of people who travel from different parts of the world to Makkah. The objective of this paper is to report the findings from a focus group discussion which examined the experiences of hajj among Pakistani female pilgrims. Data was collected from 11 respondents from Lahore, Pakistan. They were required to state their confrontations in hajj sites; and the reasons for having such experiences. They reported both positive and negative feelings during hajj; highlighted their and others’ pattern of behaviours when performing hajj including commendable and hazardous actions that they observed among pilgrims and hajj service providers. They also reported their concerns over crowd management issues, and the pilgrims’ lack of mental preparation to be with others of different cultural backgrounds. The findings serve as a basis for the development of interventions to help hajj managers, policy makers, and future hajj pilgrims to understand the psychological states and sociological conditions during hajj.  Keywords: hajj, crowd, pilgrims, psychology, emotion, cognition, behavior. Abstrak Ibadat haji merupakan beberapa siri aktiviti-aktiviti yang melibatkan kehadiran kumpulan manusia yang ramai datang dari pelbagai latar belakang di lokasi haji yang ditetapkan. Ia adalah aktiviti tahunan bila mana jamaah haji dari seluruh pelusuk dunia pergi ke Mekah dalam bulan haji untuk mengerjakan ibadat tersebut. Penyertaan dalam ibadat haji tersebut  memberikan beberapa pengalaman yang luar biasa kepada jamaah di manamereka alami pelbagai pengalaman secara  fizikal, psikososial dan sosial. Walaupun wujud pelbagai pengalaman yang dilaporkan jamaah haji, tidak banyak kajian yang dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengalaman jamaah yang datang daripada seluruh pelosok dunia ketika berada di Mekah, bercampur gaul dengan jamaah-jamaah yang berlainan budaya dan tingkahlaku. Objektif artikel ini adalah untuk melaporkan dapatan kajian hasil daripada perbincangan kumpulan berfokus untuk mengenalpasti pengalaman haji dalam kalangan jamaah wanita Pakistan. Data telah dikumpulkan daripada 11 orang responden dari Lahore, Pakistan. Mereka dikehendaki menyatakan pengalaman mereka semasa berada di lokasi ibadat haji; dan sebab mereka mengalami pengalaman-pengalaman sedemikian. Mereka melaporkan wujud perasaan positif dan negatif semasa menunaikan haji; turut menekankan bentuk tingkah laku mereka dan orang lain ketika menunaikan haji, termasuk memperihalkan tindakan terpuji dan berbahaya yang mereka perhatikan dalam kalangan jemaah haji dan penyedia-penyedia perkhidmatan haji. Mereka turut melaporkan kebimbangan mereka mengenai isu-isu pengurusan sesakan/kerumunan jamaah haji, dan kekurangan persiapan mental para jemaah untuk berhadapan dengan jamaah-jamaah lain yang berlainan latar belakang. Dapatan ini berfungsi sebagai asas bagi membangunkan kaedah-kaedah untuk membantu pengurus haji, pembuat dasar, dan jamaah haji di masa depan untuk memahami keadaan psikologi dan sosiologi jamaah semasa menunaikan ibadat haji. Cadangan kaedah-kaedah untuk menangani kesesakan jemaah haji dihuraikan pada bahagian perbincangan. Kata Kunci: Haji, kesesakan orang ramai, jamaah haji, psikologi, emosi, kognitif, tingkah laku.  

scholarly journals Value Chain Analysis of Potato in Ilam District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav Prasad Shrestha ◽  
Surendra Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Chain Analysis

The purpose of the study was to analyze the value chain of potato in the Ilam district. Potato is one of the major stable food and source of income for the majority rural farmers of the Ilam district. Using random sampling techniques, data were collected using semi-structured household survey with 165 respondents, 50 traders, input and service providers and along with 5 focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using SPSS and excel software. Results of the compound annual growth analysis showed that area, production and productivity is increasing significantly by 8.12, 2.87 and 2.79% respectively over 19 years in the country and 3.78, 2.84, and 3.55 respectively in the Ilam district. The farmers are generally growing local variety however; they also grow some improved varieties. The benefit cost ratio of local varieties is very low (0.68) whereas for improved varieties higher (1.73). Farmers do not adopt the grading and packaging which is generally done by the traders. The import of potato sharply increasing over the years which was 46,097 t worth of NPR 35.74 million in 2008/09 and reached to 249,368 t worth of NPR 531.25 million in 2016/17 which is 14.86 fold increases in value within 8 years. The value chain analysis reveals that, the margin received by the farmers is 27% of the retail price whereas traders and wholesalers deals in big quantities and extract substantial margin. The major constraints of potato production are diseases accompanied by weak availability of seed, high production cost, decreasing labor availability, and weak backward and forward linkage. Therefore, findings suggest that, government and developing agencies should support farmers organizations for the adoption of new variety, involve in quality seed production, integrated management of diseases, reduce cost of production, develop agricultural marketing infrastructures to boost up the production and make market access to the farmers.

Separating myths from reality for vaccines causing adverse events following immunization: an interview with Manish Sadarangani

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 925-926
Author(s):  
Manish Sadarangani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hospital Research

Dr Manish Sadarangani is Director of the Vaccine Evaluation Center at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and an Assistant Professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases, UBC Department of Pediatrics. He completed his undergraduate medical and pediatric training in Cambridge, Oxford and London in the UK. He then completed his DPhil with the Oxford Vaccine Group in the UK, developing novel vaccine candidates for protection against capsular group B meningococcal disease, and completed a fellowship in pediatric infectious diseases in Vancouver in 2013 before returning to Oxford to work as a pediatric infectious diseases physician. His research links clinical trials with basic microbiology, immunology and epidemiology to address clinically relevant problems related to immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases.

scholarly journals Patients’ Satisfaction with Public Health Care Services in Bangladesh: Some Critical Issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Muhammed Muazzam Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Mojammel Hussain Raihan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Critical Issues

This paper attempts to explore the experiences of Bangladeshi patient with public health care services, clients self-perception of health, understanding their expectation and demands of health care towards government health practitioners and service providers. The study points out the issues and difficulties they faced in treatment or getting other services and presents some recommendations to improve the public hospital services.The study was undertaken using the interpretivist paradigm and based on qualitative research method with various data collection procedures, such as interview, focus group discussion (FGD), documentation survey, etc. were employed to collect necessary information. The data highlight a continuous cycle of marginalisation resulting from the interplay of health service providers and their business counter-parts e.g. private pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic centres which reduce the opportunity of protecting patients’ consumer rights at large scale. Therefore, the study suggests that policy makers and service providers should be more responsive to initiate effective policy measures and programmes to combat marginalisation and exclusion of that poor patient groups.  

scholarly journals Prevalence and Management of Perceived Adverse Events Following Immunization in Infants attending Well Baby Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
V.Y. Adam ◽  
E.D. Onowugbeda ◽  
O.I. Osuji ◽  
O.D. Omohwovo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Almost All

Background: Immunization is an important public health intervention for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). However, adverse events may follow immunization of infants. This study determined the prevalence and management of Adverse Events following Immunization (AEFI) reported by caregivers of infants in Well-Baby Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods: The study was carried out in 2015 among 400 caregivers of infants attending Well- Baby Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized. Respondents were selected using a systematic sampling technique. An adapted structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: Less than half, 169 (42.3%) of the caregivers stated that their children had AEFI. Three-quarters 126 (74.6%) and 68 (40.2%) of the AEFI occurred following vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and pentavalent vaccine. Fever and swelling of the injection sites occurred in 142 (84.0%) and 65 (38.5%) of the children, respectively. Almost all 167 (98.8%) of the respondents reported an AEFI. Few of those who reported an AEFI, 13 (7.8%) had their children hospitalized.Conclusion: A significant proportion of children vaccinated experienced side effects perceived to be AEFI that presented mainly as fever and swollen injection sites which were mainly reported at the immunization clinic. Few of the reported cases of AEFI were hospitalized. Healthcare workers should continue to educate and reassure caregivers of infants of the symptoms and signs that may occur following vaccination and how they can be managed. Keywords: Adverse Events Following Immunization; Infants; Management; Prevalence; Nigeria.

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