Women’s perception and satisfaction with the quality of antenatal care services in mission hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria

Despite the vital role and availability of antenatal care, only a small proportion of Nigerian women utilise it. Women’s perception and satisfaction with antenatal care is believed to improve health outcomes, continuity of care, adherence to treatment, and the relationship with the provider. The aim is to ascertain the women’s perception and satisfaction with the quality of ANC services in mission hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 405 pregnant women in their third trimester. Data collection was with a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0. Statistical significance was taken as P value <0.05. The women’s perception of doctors and nurses was good for all domains assessed. Their satisfaction was highest for cleanliness of the facility 336 (83.0%) and lowest for amount paid for delivery services 168 (41.5%). The overall satisfaction for services received was high 337 (83.2%). The religion of the respondents, gestational age at ANC booking, payment for booking, the delivery fee and availability of requisite resources to cater for the women showed statistically significance with the overall satisfaction. However, only religion (AOR = 17.450, 95% CI = 3.364-90.508) and availability of requisite resources (AOR = 4.629, 95% CI = 2.426-8.832) independently influenced their satisfaction. This study showed a high level of satisfaction with the services rendered. However, making services more affordable as well as improving their quality through investment in both human and material resources to deliver essential care to all clients will drive better satisfaction among them.

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Factors Related to the Quality of Antenatal Care Based on The Complete Scope of the Examination of Pregnant Women in the Health Center at Palopo City

Journal of Health Science and Prevention ◽

10.29080/jhsp.v3i3s.294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3S) ◽

pp. 84-89

Author(s):

Dian Furqani ◽

Nuraerni Semagga

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

P Value ◽

Service Access ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Characteristics

This study aims to see the factors that influence the quality of Antenatal Care in the City of Palopo; the type of design used is analytical descriptive with the Cross-Sectional Study approach. Samples from this study were all pregnant women based on 1, 2 and 3th-trimester pregnancy age, and 3 who were lived at the research location as many as 154 people who conducted inspection visits from January to March 2018. The results showed that the average age of the mother was 20 years. In the research statisticallly interconnected variables are maternal knowledge showed p-value (0.000). There are several variables have statistical significance, but there are differences in the percentage between the classification of each variabels as for the quality of Antenatal care associated with parity, maternal characteristics (age, education and occupation), antenatal care in each of the 1.2 trimester, and 3. Service access and economic welfare status, where each variable has a p-value> 0.005. The study expects that a health program should not look the quantity of maternal pregnancy visits, but pay attention to the examination checks received at each gestational age. We hope to encourage mothers to be more active in paying attention to the examinations that will be accepted based on their gestational age so that good health services and of recipients of services occur.

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Healthworker Preparedness for COVID-19 Management and Implementation Experiences: A Mixed Methods Study in Uganda’s Refugee-Hosting Districts

10.21203/rs.3.rs-674967/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gloria Seruwagi ◽

Catherine Nakidde ◽

Felix Otieno ◽

Joshua Kayiwa ◽

Brian Luswata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Work Environment ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Total Sample ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

High Level

Abstract Background : The negative impact of COVID-19 on population health outcomes raises critical questions on health system preparedness and resilience, especially in resource-limited settings. This study examined healthworker preparedness for COVID-19 management and implementation experiences in Uganda’s refugee-hosting districts.Methods : A cross sectional, mixed-method descriptive study in 17 health facilities in 7 districts from 4 major regions. Total sample size was 485 including >370 health care workers (HCWs). HCW knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. The quantitative data was processed and analysed using SPSS 26, and statistical significance assumed at p<0.05 for all statistical tests. Bloom's cutoff of 80% was used to determine threshold for sufficient knowledge level and practices with scores classified as high (80.0%–100.0%), average (60.0%–79.0%) and low (≤59.0%). HCW implementation experiences and key stakeholder opinions were further explored qualitatively using interviews which were audio-recorded, coded and thematically analysed.Results: On average 71% of HCWs were knowledgeable on the various aspects of COVID-19, although there is a wide variation in knowledge. Awareness of symptoms ranked highest among 95% (p value < 0.0001) of HCWs while awareness of the criteria for intubation for COVID-19 patients ranked lowest with only 35% (p value < 0.0001). Variations were noted on falsehoods about COVID-19 causes, prevention and treatment across Central (p value < 0.0356) and West Nile (p value < 0.0161) regions. Protective practices include adequate ventilation, virtual meetings and HCW training. Deficient practices were around psychosocial and lifestyle support, remote working and contingency plans for HCWs safety. The work environment has immensely changed with increased demands on the amount of work, skills and variation in nature of work. HCWs also reported moderate control over their work environment, high level of support from supervisors (88%) and colleagues (93%). Conclusions: HCWs preparedness is inadequate in some aspects. Implementation of healthcare interventions is constrained by the complexity of Uganda’s health system design, top-down approach of the national response to COVID-19 and longstanding health system bottlenecks. We recommend continuous information sharing on COVID-19, a design review with capacity strengthening at all health facility levels and investing in community-facing strategies.

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An evaluation of economic and education determinants on utilization of skilled delivery services by Maasai Women in Kiekonyokie sub location of Kajiado County in Kenya

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Laban Lebahati Simel ◽

Lakshmi Nanduri ◽

Pamela A. Juma ◽

Blasio Omuga

Keyword(s):

Maternal Health ◽

Health Facility ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Economic Status ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skilled Delivery ◽

Delivery Services ◽

Qualitative Methodologies ◽

High Level

Background: Maternal health is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals,is central to poverty reduction and overall development efforts and it increased international attention for monitoring progress on maternal health and improving access to skilled attendants at deliveries. This research paper aimed to study economic and education determinants on the utilization of skilled delivery services by Maasai women, the study population belonging to a community of nomadic life style in North of Kajiado County in Kenya.Methods: The study design was a cross sectional descriptive study adopting both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Results: Utilization of skilled delivery was higher among women who had a source of income (34%) compared to women who had no source of income (19%) indicating a statistical significance p=0.003. Women who had higher level of education were more likely to use skilled delivery 50% compared to 22% who had no education at all hence p=0.002. Education level had a statistical significance, (p-0.002). 69% of those who delivered in the hospital paid > 500 shillings compared to 8% of those who paid < 500 shillings. The amount paid for skilled delivery had a statistical significance, (p<0.001). 97.7% of the Maasai women in the Kajiado North study takes more than 1hour to reach to the nearest health facility while less than (1%) of them in this study takes less than 30minutes to reach to the health facility. Conclusions: In conclusion this study shows that high level of illiteracy, low economic status, distance away, cost to pay for skilled delivery hindered skilled delivery service utilization among the Maasai women.

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QUALITY OF ANC TREATMENT AND CLIENTS SATISFACTION AT BPM Hj. ELSYE AGUSTIN

The Management Journal of Binaniaga ◽

10.33062/mjb.v3i1.238 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Endah Nurmahmudah ◽

Hj. Heni Hendarsah

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Health Sector ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Data Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional

Rapid development of global worldwide has been happening on technology, information, science and health technology including reproduction health have impacted on a very tight competition in Health Sector. Recently, the society has required quality of service, safety, comfortable and reasonable price. That is why a midwife is requested to be ready and able to respond quickly and anticipate modernization and satisfy the customers. This research aims to figure out the correlation of the quality of antenatal care (ANC) treatment and the level of clients’ satisfaction at BPM Hj. Elsye Agustin in Tasikmalaya. Data sampling technique has applied total sampling with cross sectional approach method. And data collection is primary data. Primary data is the data taken directly from the respondents which has been done by the researcher itself. Based on the result of the research, the quality of ANC treatment at BPM Hj. Elsye Agustin is good (66.3%), it explains that ANC treatment has oriented to the pregnancy needs. Pregnant women who have received pregnancy treatment at BPM Hj. Elsye Agustin are satisfied (71.4%) indicating that the expectation of pregnant women to get a satisfied treatment has been fulfilled. The correlation of the quality of ANC treatment and the clients satisfaction at BPM Hj. Elsye Agustin has identified p-value of 0.000 indicating that the clients/pregnant women are satisfied with ANC treament.Keywords: quality, antenatal care treatment, customers‟satisfaction

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA KUALITAS BIDAN DALAM PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE TERHADAP PERSEPSI IBU HAMIL

Infokes: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekam Medis dan Informatika Kesehatan ◽

10.47701/infokes.v10i1.846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

Citra Hadi Kurniati

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Parametric Statistics ◽

Sectional Analysis

Midwives play an important role in the process of health care, especially antenatal care services (ANC). The quality of midwife services determines the success of the service process. The perception of pregnant women when they come for a pregnancy is related to their availability to return to Antenatal Care examination. This study aims to determine the quality of midwives in ANC services on the perception of pregnant women. This type of research uses observational analytic research, where researchers are directed to explain a situation or situation. The time approach used is cross sectional. Analysis was conducted to test the quality of midwives in providing ANC services to the perception of pregnant women. Analysis of the data in research with ordinal and scale variables is non-parametric statistics. Hypothesis testing using the Chi Square Test. The results showed that there was no relationship between the quality of midwives on perceptions of pregnant women with a p value of valeu> 0.05 with an X × count of 0.325. The conclusion of this study is that there is no relationship between the quality of midwives in providing ANC services to the perception of pregnant women

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STUDI KASUS TENTANG HUBUNGAN STATUS BIDAN PRAKTEK SWASTA DENGAN PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS BUMIJAWA KABUPATEN TEGAL TAHUN 2016

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.38165/jk.v7i2.130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 857-863

Author(s):

Baeti Rizki ◽

Lilis Banowati

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Design Research ◽

Health Workers ◽

Survey Design ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Total Sample ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Status

Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terpenuhinya cakupan K4, diantaranya kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan serta kualitas tenaga kesehatan. Berdasarkan data dari Ikatan Bidan Indonesia cabang Kabupaten Tegal, bahwa jumlah bidan yang telah mempunyai izin praktik di wilayah Kabupaten Tegal adalah 513 bidan, sedangkan yang sudah bersertifikat sebagai bidan delima sebanyak 105 orang bidan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan status bidan praktek swasta dengan pelayanan antenatal care di wilayah puskesmas Bumijawa Kabupaten Tegal tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian adalah survei analitik, desain penelitian yang digunakan observasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini bidan yang membuka praktik mandiri di wilayah Puskesmas Bumijawa sejumlah 24 bidan. Teknik sampelnya menggunakan metode total sample yaitu 24 responden. Karakteristik bidan yang bekerja di wilayah Kecamatan Bumijawa Kabupaten Tegal bahwa rata-rata umur responden 36,29 tahun, sebagian besar responden berpendidikan D-III (91,7%), sebagian besar lama mengabdi responden 5-10 tahun (54,2%). Status bidan sebagian besar dengan status bidan praktek swasta bukan delima (58,3%). Pelayanan Antenatal Care sebagian besar bermutu (58,3%). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status bidan praktek swasta dengan pelayanan antenatal care di wilayah kecamatan Bumijawa Kabupaten Tegal tahun 2016 (X2 hitung 5,531 dan p value=0,024). Hal ini berarti bahwa bidan dengan status bidan delima lebih profesional dalam pelayanan ANC dibandingkan dengan bidan praktek swasta yang bukan delima, dengan menjadi bidan delima secara tidak langsung fasilitas pelayanan akan tersedia, sehingga akan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan.Diharapkan bidan praktek swasta yang belum delima agar dapat mengikuti program bidan delima, sehingga dalam melakukan pelayanan ANC sesuai dengan standar pelayanan, serta dengan memasang famplet acuan pelayanan ANC sesuai dengan petunjuk dari Departemen Kesehatan.Kata Kunci : Status bidan, antenatal care ABSTRACTMany factors affect the fulfillment of K4 coverage, including public awareness about the importance of prenatal care and the quality of health workers. Based on data from the Indonesian Midwives Association branch Tegal regency, that the number of midwives who already have a license in the district of Tegal is 513 midwives, while that has been certified as a midwife pomegranate were 105 midwives. The aim of research to determine the relationship status private midwife with antenatal care in the health centers Bumijawa Tegal 2016.This type of research is an analytical survey, design research used observational with cross sectional approach. The population in this study independent midwife who practices in the area at Puskesmas Bumijawa some 24 midwives. Mechanical sample using a method that is on the total sample of 24 respondents.Characteristics of midwives who work in the District of Tegal Bumijawa that the average age of 36.29 years old respondents, the majority of respondents educated D-III (91.7%), the majority of respondents serve 5-10 years old (54.2%) , Status midwives mostly with private midwife status instead of pomegranate (58.3%). Antenatal Care qualified majority (58.3%). There was a significant correlation between the status of private midwives with antenatal care in districts of Bumijawa Tegal 2016 (X2 count 5.531 and p value=0.019). This means that the midwife with midwife status pomegranate professionals in ANC compared with private midwife is not a pomegranate, with a midwife indirectly pomegranate service facilities will be available, so that will increase the quality of care.Expected private midwives who have to follow our pomegranate midwife program, so that in conducting ANC in accordance with service standards, and by installing a reference pamphlet ANC in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Health.Keywords : Status midwife, antenatal care

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The effect of antenatal care on colostrum avoidance in pastoralists: The case of Afar, Northeast Ethiopia

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211013764 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110137

Author(s):

Misgan Legesse Liben ◽

Reem Adem ◽

Nigus Bililign Yimer

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Prelacteal Feeding ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northeast Ethiopia ◽

Regional State ◽

Late Initiation ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is sufficient for infants in the first 6 months of life and is important to maintain maternal health. Evidences revealed that neonatal mortality is higher among children who received colostrum as compared to those who are deprived of colostrum. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with colostrum avoidance practice among pastoralists in Afar Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1188 mother-child pairs in Afar Regional State in June 2016. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the predictors of colostrum avoidance. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <.05. About 40% of children deprived of colostrum. Mothers aged 20 to 34 years (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.73), not attending antenatal checkup (AOR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.85), receiving prelacteal feeding (AOR: 2.21; CI: 1.88, 3.93) and late initiation of breastfeeding (AOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.02, 3.65) were positively associated with colostrum avoidance. Nearly 4 in 10 children deprived of colostrum. Therefore, promoting antenatal care and strengthening service-based counseling on proper newborn feeding practices will be important to improve colostrum feeding.

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Hubungan Status Akreditasi Puskesmas dengan Capaian Program Antenatal Care

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v30i3.3125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Agus Dwi Harso ◽

Hadjar Siswantoro ◽

Armaji Kamaludi Syarif

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

A Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

Abstract One of the government’s efforts to reduce MMR, which is still high, is the implementation of the Antenatal Care (ANC) program at the primary health center (PHC). Besides, the government also accredits PHC to improve the quality of health services starting in 2015, so it is hoped that ANC achievements will increase. This study aims to determine the relationship between accreditation status and ANC achievements in PHC. The study design was cross-sectional with a sample of 103 accredited PHC. The distribution of PHC samples is seen based on the 2013 Public Health Development Index (IPKM) categorized as low, medium, and high. Analysis of the relationship between accreditation status and the K4 achievement program used the chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that the majority of the PHC in the sample are distributed in areas with a high and medium IPKM areas. The relationship between accreditation status and K4 achievement showed a value of p = 0.034. The logistic regression results showed that when compared with primary - complete accredited PHC, basic PHC had OR = 0.224 (95% CI: 0.064 - 0.786) with p = 0.020 to the proportion of K4 achievements. Meanwhile, the middle PHC had OR = 0.517 (95% CI: 0.146 - 1.828) with a p-value = 0.306. This study concludes that the accreditation status of PHC is related to the proportion of K4 achievements. The proportion of K4 achievements increases with the increase in the level of PHC accreditation. A basic accredited PHC has a chance to achieve K4 by 0.224, lower than a primary – complete accredited PHC. There was no significant difference between middle accredited PHC with primary - complete PHC for the proportion of K4 achievement Abstrak Salah satu upaya pemerintah menurunkan AKI yang masih tinggi adalah dengan pelaksanaan program Antenatal Care (ANC) di puskesmas. Selain itu, pemerintah juga melakukan akreditasi puskesmas untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan yang dimulai tahun 2015, sehingga diharapkan capaian ANC meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status akreditasi terhadap capaian ANC di puskesmas. Desain penelitian ini adalah crosssectional dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 103 puskesmas terakreditasi. Sebaran sampel puskesmas dilihat berdasarkan Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) tahun 2013 dengan dikategorikan sebagai IPKM rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Analisis hubungan status akreditasi dengan program capaian K4 digunakan uji chi-square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas puskesmas yang menjadi sampel terdistribusi pada wilayah dengan IPKM tinggi dan sedang. Hasil analisis chi-square hubungan antara status akreditasi dengan ketercapaian K4 menunjukkan nilai p=0,034. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa jika dibandingkan dengan puskesmas terakreditasi utama-paripurna, puskesmas terkareditasi dasar mempunyai OR = 0,224 (95%CI: 0,064 - 0,786) dengan nilai p = 0,020 terhadap proporsi capaian K4. Sedangkan puskesmas terkareditasi madya mempunyai OR = 0,517 (95% CI: 0,146 - 1,828) dengan nilai p = 0,306. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah status akreditasi puskesmas berhubungan dengan proporsi capaian K4. Proporsi capaian K4 meningkat seiring meningkatnya satus akreditasi puskesmas. Puskesmas terakreditasi dasar mempunyai peluang untuk tercapaianya K4 sebesar 0,224 lebih rendah dibandingkan puskesmas terakreditasi utama - paripurna. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara puskesmas terakreditasi madya dengan puskesmas terakreditasi utama-paripurna terhadap proporsi capaian K4.

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Quality of Life among Infertile Couples in Gaza City, Palestine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15541/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

suha baloushah ◽

samira barjasteh ◽

aymen elsous ◽

ali alderawi ◽

soha abou eid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

P Value ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

Infertile Couples

Abstract Background: Infertility is an important health problem affecting the quality of life accompanied by significant emotional and psychological consequences. Infertile couples living with emotional disturbances face challenges with less success of infertility treatment. Purposes: This study aimed to investigate the quality of life of infertile couples who seek In-Vitro Fertilizations (IVFs) by gender in Gaza city, Palestinian. Methods and materials: A cross sectional study was conducted, from Feb 2018 to Nov 2018, among 383 infertile couples selected through convenient sampling. A valid and reliable Arabic version of the fertility quality of life questionnaire (FertiQoL) was used in data collection. One way ANOVA and independent t-test was applied to compare between males and females. P value less than 0.05% was considered statistical significance. Results: The mean age of males and females was 34.54±8.54 and 29.28±6.71 years respectively. More than half of them had university degree (64% and 60% respectively). The mean duration of infertility of couples was 5.66±3.54 years. The mean males' scores of FertiQoL and its subscales (emotion, mind/body, social, core, tolerability and treatment) were significantly higher than females' scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: The males' total scores of FertiQoL and its subscales were higher than females' scores. The mean total of FertiQoL increased with better education, however, decreased with increase of age, duration of marriage, duration of infertility and number of IVF attempts. Psychological assessment and Counseling are necessary for infertile women taking into considerations factors affecting their QoL.

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Socio-demographic associations of HIV among antenatal care attendees in selected rural primary care facilities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36743/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda ◽

Khuthala Sigovana ◽

Wezile Chitha ◽

Teke Apalata ◽

Sibusiso Nomatshila

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Facilities

Abstract Background To effectively reduce vertical HIV transmission requires a reduction of HIV prevalence and incidence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. There is, however, literature paucity of HIV studies focusing on women attending antenatal care in rural areas in South Africa. Methods A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) is used for precision of estimates; p ≤ 0.05 for statistical significance. Results A total of 343 participants were recruited. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.2% (95%CI: 33.2–43.9). Participants older than 40 years were 4.6 times significantly more likely to be HIV positive compared to teenagers (p-value = 0.019). Furthermore, multiparous, unemployed and employed participants, were significantly associated with 40%, 60% and 70% higher antenatal HIV prevalences respectively when compared to primigravidas or tertiary students (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion Despite a 100% antenatal HIV testing rate, the antenatal HIV prevalence remains high and is increasing in this population, coupled with no spousal attendance in antenatal care and poor condom compliance. It is therefore important to remain vigilant and monitor mother-to-child transmission that could be associated with this increased prevalence.

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