scholarly journals Reasons for inconsistent condom use by young adults in Mahalapye, Botswana

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhaka Kanda ◽  
Robert Mash
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse

Background: Botswana is one of the countries significantly affected by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Despite an extensive preventive campaign, the incidence of HIV remains high.Condoms are an important contributor to prevention of new HIV infections, although they are not consistently used by young adults.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the reasons why condoms are not consistently usedby young adults.Setting: Mahalapye District Hospital and Airstrip Clinic, Botswana.Method: This was a phenomenological qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews.Eleven participants were purposively selected, including six males and five females. Data were transcribed and analysed using the framework method.Results: All participants acknowledged the importance of utilising condoms to prevent unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Reasons not to use condoms were a need to have a child,implied lack of trust or faithfulness, long-term relationships need toplease the partner and decreased pleasure. Other contributing factors were lack of knowledge of benefits, less fear of contracting HIV and AIDS as it can now be controlled with medication,influence of tradition, alcohol and drug abuse, peer pressure, power and gender issues and the refusal of the partner. The female condom was largely rejected by young adults in general and by women in particular because of its size and the perception that it is complicated to insert.Conclusion: The current preventive campaign against HIV and AIDS needs to take cognisance of the factors affecting decisions on the use of condoms by young adults and the obstacles to their use, particularly the new belief that HIV and AIDS is no longer a significant concern.

scholarly journals Fertility awareness and intentions among young adults in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Lardou ◽  
Ioannis Chatzipapas ◽  
Michail Chouzouris ◽  
Panos Xenos ◽  
Nikolaos Petrogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Deficits

Background: Greece has a mean age of first motherhood at 31.5 years, higher than the European average age of 29.4. Delaying conception, however, may be an important non-reversible cause of infertility. The aim of this study was to identify possible knowledge deficits regarding fertility in young adults. Methods: This was an online survey of young adults, regarding information on intention to parenthood and knowledge on issues affecting fertility. This study was conducted from February to December 2020, aiming for a representative sample of Greek men and women aged 18 and 26 years. The questionnaire was designed by a multidisciplinary group based on the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale, which contained 22 multiple-choice or Likert-scale questions. Results: We obtained responses from 1875 young adults, whose mean age was 22.1 years. About 91.8% of men and 94.0% of women declared an intention to have children, out of which 44.0% wanted to have two and 29.0% three children. About 52.0 and 50.8% men and women, respectively, aimed to start a family between 31 and 35 years. Residents of rural areas and those with a lower education level more likely aimed to have children before the age of 30. The most prevalent answers for age of ideal parenthood were between 26 and 30 years for a woman and 31–35 years for a man. Smoking, alcohol consumption and sexually transmitted infections were identified as factors affecting both female and male fertility. Half of men and women, respectively, overestimated general success rates of reproductive techniques. Conclusion: The knowledge of fertility, particularly with regards to assisted reproductive techniques’ success rates, may be overestimated as more young adults plan for having children after the age of 30.

scholarly journals Zero new HIV infections: Mission impossible with current perceptions of young adults in Vhembe District regarding condom use

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azwihangwisi H. Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Vhembe District

Background: Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number 6, target 6A focuses on halting and reversing the spread of HIV by 2015. South Africa is amongst the 189 countries that are involved in trying to meet the MDGs. In order to try and achieve this goal, South Africa, through its HIV and AIDS, STI and TB strategic plans has adopted the United Nations vision of ‘Zeros’, which include zero new HIV infections by the year 2015. One of the key interventions for achieving this is improvement in access to condoms.Aim: This article reports on perceptions of Vhembe District young adults regarding condom use.Setting: This study was conducted in one of the rural clinics in Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province: South Africa.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional design approach was followed. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to 372 young adults who came for healthcare services at one of the clinics in Vhembe District.Results: The findings indicated that there is a relationship between positive perceptions toward condom use and actual condom use. People who have positive attitudes toward condoms are also more likely to use them. In contrast, people with a negative attitude towards condoms are less likely to use them during sexual intercourse. Negative attitudes of health care providers were found to be a barrier that prevents sexually active individuals to access condoms in primary health care facilities.Conclusion: With current peceptions towards condom use, Zero new HIV infection will never be achieved. The researcher recommends development of strategies for promoting access and correct use of condoms.Keywords: Condom use, perception, young adults

Epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in China

Sexual Health ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong-Lai Zhang ◽  
Shao-jun Ma ◽  
Dong-yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Populous Country

As the most populous country in the world, China has been confronted with the huge challenges that HIV and sexually transmitted infections pose. The HIV infection rate among adults is lower than 0.1%, however, the estimated number of HIV infections sits around one million, according to the estimation of some experts. HIV infection is highly prevalent in some regional areas of China and the incidence rate of sexually transmitted infections has sharply increased since the 1980s. The number of HIV infections may reach 10 million if no effective measures are taken. This article aims to outline the profile of the epidemic in China as well as to elaborate on the contributing factors and the response of the government and community.

Low awareness and use of post-exposure prophylaxis among adolescents and young adults in South Africa: implications for the prevention of new HIV infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Yusuf ◽  
Elmon Mudefi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Ntombana Rala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Increasing Awareness and Knowledge among Adult Latinos regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijeoma S. Eze ◽  
Margaret Brady ◽  
Beth Keely
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Post Test

AbstractLatinos in the United States are disproportionately affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They account for about 24 % of newly diagnosed AIDS cases each year and are two to three times more likely to develop STIs when compared with non-Latino whites. Limited knowledge of STIs has remained one of the contributing factors to the disparity. The purpose of this study was to implement an educational bundle and evaluate its effectiveness in increasing STI knowledge and consistent condom use among adult Latinos seen in an outpatient clinic that serves low income patients. A pre- and post-test design was used to evaluate changes in STI knowledge and consistency of condom use. The educational bundle consisted of YouTube STI-related videos, a pre-designed one to one educational session, provision of condoms and STI-related educational materials. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data at baseline and one week post implementation of the educational bundle. Forty-six Latinos (18 females and 28 males) ranging in ages 19 to 60 years participated in the project. The total mean STI knowledge and condom use frequency improved from pre-test (M = 1.67, M = 3.09) to post-test (M = 3.80, M = 5.33). Results of paired samples t-tests demonstrated statistically significant differences between total mean STI knowledge (t(45) = –15.48, p < 0.001) and condom use frequency (t(45) = –7.09, p < 0.001) at pre-test and post-testing. The educational bundle was effective in increasing STI knowledge and consistent condom use among adult Latinos in an outpatient clinic. Further study needs to be done to determine the long-term effect of this mode of education for this population.

scholarly journals Factors affecting hallucinations in patients with delirium

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Tachibana ◽  
Toshiya Inada ◽  
Masaru Ichida ◽  
Norio Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal ◽  
Exogenous Substances

AbstractDelirium develops through a multifactorial process and include multiple subtypes with different pathological factors. To refine the treatment and care for delirium, a more detailed examination of these subtypes is needed. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors affecting delirium in cases in which hallucinations are conspicuous. In total, 602 delirium cases referred to the psychiatry department at a general hospital between May 2015 and August 2020 were enrolled. The Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98 was used to assess perceptual disturbances and hallucinations in patients with delirium. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine whether individual factors were associated with the hallucinations. A total of 156 patients with delirium (25.9%) experienced hallucinations, with visual hallucinations being the most common subtype. Alcohol drinking (p < 0.0005), benzodiazepine withdrawal (p = 0.004), and the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (p = 0.007) or dopamine receptor agonists (p = 0.014) were found to be significantly associated with hallucinations in patients with delirium. The four factors detected in this study could all be reversible contributing factors derived from the use of or withdrawal from exogenous substances.

scholarly journals Do millennials value travel time differently because of productive multitasking? A revealed-preference study of Northern California commuters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Malokin ◽  
Giovanni Circella ◽  
Patricia L. Mokhtarian
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMillennials, the demographic cohort born in the last two decades of the twentieth century, are reported to adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their everyday lives, including travel, to a greater extent than older generations. As ICT-driven travel-based multitasking influences travelers’ experience and satisfaction in various ways, millennials are expected to be affected at a greater scale. Still, to our knowledge, no previous studies have specifically focused on the impact of travel multitasking on travel behavior and the value of travel time (VOTT) of young adults. To address this gap, we use an original dataset collected among Northern California commuters (N = 2216) to analyze the magnitude and significance of individual and household-level factors affecting commute mode choice. We estimate a revealed-preference mode choice model and investigate the differences between millennials and older adults in the sample. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to explore how incorporation of explanatory factors such as attitudes and propensity to multitask while traveling in mode choice models affects coefficient estimates, VOTT, and willingness to pay to use a laptop on the commute. Compared to non-millennials, the mode choice of millennials is found to be less affected by socio-economic characteristics and more strongly influenced by the activities performed while traveling. Young adults are found to have lower VOTT than older adults for both in-vehicle (15.0% less) and out-of-vehicle travel time (15.7% less), and higher willingness to pay (in time or money) to use a laptop, even after controlling for demographic traits, personal attitudes, and the propensity to multitask. This study contributes to better understanding the commuting behavior of millennials, and the factors affecting it, a topic of interest to transportation researchers, planners, and practitioners.

scholarly journals Using human-centred design to develop an innovative female condom

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjinnov-2020-000534
Author(s):  
Patricia S Coffey ◽  
Maggie Kilbourne-Brook
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Dual Protection ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Female Condoms ◽  
Generation Female ◽  
Human Centred Design

ObjectiveThe female condom is a non-hormonal barrier method that can protect from unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. Female condoms are an important contribution to women’s reproductive health globally as they are the only woman-initiated method currently available that can provide dual protection. This article describes how human-centred design (HCD) was applied to the development of the Woman’s Condom—a second-generation female condom.MethodsA multidisciplinary team pioneered the application of HCD principles to develop a novel reproductive health product. The Woman’s Condom design incorporated feedback from both female and male users from multiple sites in the USA and Cuernavaca, Mexico; Durban, South Africa and Khon Kaen, Thailand to inform product development.ResultsWe developed and tested more than 50 design iterations reflecting various solutions to user-related concerns. The final locked design confirmed that the Woman’s Condom was easy to use, stable, comfortable and provided satisfactory sensation during sex for both partners. The ‘dissolving capsule’ to facilitate insertion and ‘soft cling’ design are key innovative features of the Woman’s Condom.ConclusionThe Woman’s Condom is a second-generation female (or internal) condom product that has been shown to be highly acceptable to users throughout the world. The Woman’s Condom’s special design features enable easy insertion, secure fit during use, good sensation and easy removal. Engaging users as codesigners through an HCD approach resulted in a female condom that meets the needs of women and men from diverse regions.

Modeling Consumer Decisions on Returning End-of-Use Products Considering Design Features and Consumer Interactions: An Agent Based Simulation Approach

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi ◽  
Behzad Esmaeilian ◽  
Sara Behdad
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Take Back ◽  
The Impact

As electronic waste (e-waste) becomes one of the fastest growing environmental concerns, remanufacturing is considered as a promising solution. However, the profitability of take back systems is hampered by several factors including the lack of information on the quantity and timing of to-be-returned used products to a remanufacturing facility. Product design features, consumers’ awareness of recycling opportunities, socio-demographic information, peer pressure, and the tendency of customer to keep used items in storage are among contributing factors in increasing uncertainties in the waste stream. Predicting customer choice decisions on returning back used products, including both the time in which the customer will stop using the product and the end-of-use decisions (e.g. storage, resell, through away, and return to the waste stream) could help manufacturers have a better estimation of the return trend. The objective of this paper is to develop an Agent Based Simulation (ABS) model integrated with Discrete Choice Analysis (DCA) technique to predict consumer decisions on the End-of-Use (EOU) products. The proposed simulation tool aims at investigating the impact of design features, interaction among individual consumers and socio-demographic characteristics of end users on the number of returns. A numerical example of cellphone take-back system has been provided to show the application of the model.

Of ‘prostitutes’ and ‘AIDS people’: Feminization of HIV and AIDS in South-eastern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Bright B. Drah
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Impact

In sub-Saharan Africa, more women than men live with HIV and women bear the largest proportion of the burden of care that is due to the epidemic. Only a few studies have documented the precise details of how women in countries with low HIV prevalence became the worst affected by the epidemic. In Ghana, the historical factors that account for high HIV infections among women and the emergence of women-led community-based HIV interventions have been less researched. This paper examines the historical (political-economic), cultural and personal factors that account for the high HIV prevalence in Manya Klo, the area worst impacted by HIV in Ghana. The paper presents the social history of the pandemic in Manya Klo and explains why Klo women are considered to be the sources of HIV in Ghana. It suggests that concentrating interventions on women helps to reduce the impact of HIV and inform national interventions. Women-focused interventions may, however, alienate other groups that can contribute to improving the lives of families affected by HIV. Therefore, women-focused interventions must be planned in a manner that engages multiple stakeholders.Keywords: Manya Krobo, queen mothers, female migration, female sex work, orphans and vulnerable children, community-based HIV initiatives

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