Prevalence of anemia and effectiveness of iron supplementation in anemic adolescent school girls at Amravati City (Maharashtra)

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia among adolescent girls. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women increased from 2013 to 2018, and females age 15-24 years had the highest prevalence of anemia. Therefore, knowing the baseline status of protein and iron intake —particularly animal-sourced protein as the main source of heme iron—is important to design future intervention program. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the protein and iron intake adequacy of High School girls in Depok, Indonesia. Methods: 211 girls from Senior High School in Depok, Indonesia participated in this study. Subjects were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was administered to obtain general characteristics. Dietary intake data were obtained using a 3-day non-consecutive 24hr recall 1 weekend 2 weekdays interview. Anthropometric status was measured and calculated. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Spearman’s correlation (significance p<0.05) was used to determine the factors related to protein and iron intake. Results: This population had inadequate intake of energy (97.2%), protein (59.7%), and iron (98.6%). However, intake of fat was higher than recommended in 59.2% of participants. Protein and iron intake were not correlated with age, father’s education, mother’s education, and the number of household member.

Download Full-text

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Kejadian Anemia Di Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Dan Teluk Ambon

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas ◽

10.14710/jekk.v6i1.10180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 229-236

Author(s):

Elpira Asmin ◽

Armando Salulinggi ◽

Christiana Rialine Titaley ◽

Johan Bension

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iron Supplements ◽

Nutritional Problem ◽

Women's Knowledge ◽

The Relationship ◽

Women’S Knowledge ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is a public health nutritional problem, especially for pregnant women. Anemia in pregnancy can adversely affect the morbidity and mortality of both mother and baby. According to the WHO, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 40.5% in 2015, and 42% in 2016. One of the government's efforts to reduce the rate of anemia is the provision of iron tablets. In Indonesia, the coverage of giving at least 90 tablets during pregnancy in 2017 reached 80.81%. However, in Maluku Province, the coverage of iron supplementation (47.35%) was included amongst the four lowest provinces. This study aims to examine the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and consumption of iron tablets and anemia in the Districts of South Leitimur and Teluk Ambon. Methods: This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 165 pregnant women who were taken by purposive sampling.Result: The results showed 50.3% of pregnant women had anemia and only 21.8% complied with taking iron tablets. We found that there was no statistically significant association between pregnant women's knowledge of iron supplementation (p=0.443), as well as compliance with taking iron supplements (p=0.135), and anemia. Nevertheless, the percentage of women with anemia was lower in pregnant women who complied with taking iron supplements than those who did not comply. Conclusion : This study shows that efforts are still required to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Ambon City, including increasing women's compliance to take iron tablets.

Download Full-text

Sistem distribusi dan cakupan suplementasi tablet besi ibu hamil pascabencana tsunami 2004 di Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17420 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Maryani Maryani ◽

I Made Alit Gunawan ◽

Siti Helmyati

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Woman ◽

Health Service ◽

Distribution System ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Health Department ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Health Staff ◽

Iron Distribution ◽

Tsunami 2004 ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: The prevalence of anemia is one of indicators applied to determine pregnant woman nutrition status. The coverage of iron supplementation is still low due to poor iron distribution. In Aceh Besar regency, the prevalence of anemia in 2003 was 18.71% and become 45.5% in 2005 (report of Rapid Nutrition Assessment in Tsunami Affected Districts in NAD, February-March 2005).Objective: The study was meant to explore the distribution system and iron supplementation coverage post tsunami in Aceh Besar regency, NAD Province.Method: This was a qualitative naturalistic study; the design was investigative exploration study, and the data was collected by indepth interview. The analysis unit was health department, primary health care and villages in Aceh Besar regency. Subjects were stakeholders and pregnant women taken by purposive sampling and showed descriptively.Result: Poor health service and unreadiness of health staff affected the stagnation of iron distribution program. The un-available of guidance book and lack of nutrition staff and midwife development become so crucial. Indeed, they could not understand their jobs description in expanding iron distribution network. Furthermore, the distribution of iron tablet was done passively of pregnant woman visiting health service place. The policy of iron distribution by health department of Aceh Besar regency post tsunami 2004 were collecting data and pregnant woman ANC service held by mid-wife using iron program. The achievement of iron supple-mentation coverage was still low, though the attitude of pregnant woman has changed.Conclusion: The stagnation of basic health service and lack of health staff empowerment affected poor iron distribution for pregnant woman.

Download Full-text

FAKTOR RISIKO ANEMIA PADA SISWI PESERTA PROGRAM SUPLEMENTASI

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2011.6.1.74-83 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Dodik Briawan ◽

Ermita Arumsari ◽

Pusporini Pusporini

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Font Size ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Girls ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

The aim of study was to analized the risk factors of anemia among school girls participant of supplementation program. Design of this study wass cross-sectional covering 400 secondary and high school students (SMP and SMK) in Bekasi. The secondary data were analized from the baseline program of the Health Office of Bekasi. The prevalence of anemia among school girls was 38.3 percents. The significant risk factors of anemia among school girls were the age and nutritional status (IMT). The anemia risk was higher among school girls at age 13-15 years (OR = 2.73) and the thin girls (OR = 8.32).

Download Full-text

Anemia pada ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan di Agats, Asmat, Papua: Prevalensi dan analisis faktor risiko

Journal of Community Empowerment for Health ◽

10.22146/jcoemph.39261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pritania Astari ◽

Hanggoro Tri Rinonce ◽

Fadli Kasim ◽

Maria Fransiska Pudjohartono ◽

Josephine Debora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Educational Status ◽

First Trimester ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

ABSTRAK Pada tahun 2013, terdapat 37% kasus anemia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia. Kejadiannya di Agats, Asmat, Papua masih merupakan fenomena gunung es yang belum banyak mendapat sorotan. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Agats menjalankan Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) sejak tahun 2016 untuk meningkatkan kualitas kehamilan dan kelahiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 HPK serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap anemia pada ibu hamil di Agats, Asmat, Papua. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional, menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan evaluasi Program 1000 HPK Puskesmas Agats Oktober 2017, yang diambil pada periode pelaksanaan Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), 17 Maret sampai 30 April 2018. Sebanyak 97 ibu hamil dari 230 peserta Program 1000 HPK dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang diambil meliputi umur kehamilan, kadar hemoglobin (Hb), lingkar lengan atas (LLA), berat badan, dan pemberian suplemen zat besi. Kadar Hb < 11 g/dL pada trimester I atau < 10.5 g/dL pada trimester II dan III digolongkan sebagai anemia. Dilakukan pula analisis kemungkinan faktor risiko anemia berdasarkan hasil observasi di Agats dengan tinjauan pustaka. Dari total 97 ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 HPK, sebanyak 45.4% orang menderita anemia, meskipun 43.4% di antaranya telah mendapatkan suplementasi zat besi. Sebanyak 24.7% ibu hamil memiliki LLA < 23 cm. Beberapa kemungkinan faktor risiko anemia pada ibu hamil di Agats meliputi letak geografis Asmat, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, minimnya tenaga kesehatan serta fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, kurangnya perhatian masyarakat terhadap kesehatan, keadaan sosioekonomi rendah, dan status gizi ibu hamil. Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil peserta Program 1000 HPK di Agats, Asmat, Papua pada Oktober 2017 lebih tinggi dari prevalensi nasional. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui kaitan pasti antara kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Agats dengan faktor-faktor risiko tersebut.KATA KUNCI anemia; kehamilan; 1000 hari pertama kehidupan; Asmat; Papua ABSTRACT In 2013, it was found that 37% pregnant women in Indonesia suffered from anemia. However, in Agats, Asmat, Papua, this phenomenon has not gained enough attention. In order to improve the quality of birth and pregnancy, Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Agats is currently implementing the First 1000 Days of Life (1000 HPK) Program since 2016. This study aimed to discover the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy of the 1000 HPK participants in Agats and to understand the possible contributing risk factors. This study was descriptive observational study using secondary data from the evaluation report of 1000 HPK Program in Puskesmas Agats during October 2017. From 230 participants of 1000 HPK Program, 97 of them who were pregnant, were taken as the sample. The data (gestational age, hemoglobin level, upper arm circumference, body weight, and history of iron supplementation) were obtained during the implementation of Kuliah Kerja Nyata - Peduli Bencana (KKN-PB) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), from March 17th to April 30th, 2018. Hemoglobin level in the first trimester < 11 g/dL or in the second and third trimester < 10.5 g/dL were classified as anemia. The observed risk factors were then analyzed using literature review. From 97 participants of 1000 HPK Program, 45.4% suffered from anemia, even though 43.4% of them had received iron supplementation. Moreover, 24.7% of the pregnant women had mid-upper arm circumference < 23 cm. Several observed influencing risk factors included the geographic profile of Asmat, low educational status, lacking of health personnels, facilities and the general awareness of the citizens regarding maternal health, low socio-economical status, and low maternal nutritional status. The prevalence of anemia in the pregnant participants of 1000 HPK Program in Agats, Asmat, Papua, during October 2017 was higher than the national prevalence. Further study needs to be conducted in order to find the correlation between the prevalence of anemia in the pregnant participants of 1000 HPK Program in Agats and the suspected risk factors.KEYWORDS anemia; pregnancy; first 1000 days of life; Asmat; Papua

Download Full-text

The impact of iron supplementation toward hemoglobin levels on teenage girls in Bangli regency, Bali, Indonesia

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173539 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3454

Author(s):

Novia Arini ◽

Made Bakta ◽

Desak Made Citrawati

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Teenage Girls ◽

The Impact ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: The prevalence of anemia in teenage girls in Indonesia was 33.1%. Department of health’s data in 2009, showed that 33.7% of teenage girls suffered anemia and the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia amounted to 57.1% suffered by teenage girls. Assorted studies showed the negative impact of anemia due to iron deficiency of nutrients to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Anemia in children and adolescents will lead to growth and development that are not optimal and reduce learning achievement because easy to get tired, loss of passion and cannot concentrate. Besides that, iron deficiency anemia will also cause low of Intelligent Quotient (IQ) as well as a decrease in the learning ability. One of the efforts to control anemia in teenage girls is to provide iron supplementation.Methods: The method used in this research was the one group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted on all the teenage girls who were in 7 juniors high school (SMP) in Bangli regency with total of 1556 respondents. The criteria used for adolescents was when Hbg <12 g/dl then it is called anemia.Results: The average prevalence of anemia among teenage girls in Bangli regency was 36.8%. The highest incidence number of anemia in teenage girls in SMP 4 Tembuku by 66.7% and the lowest incidence of anemia in SMP 3 Susut by 22.4%. That iron supplementation in teenage girls suffered anemia had a significant impact on the reduction of anemia incidence in teenage girls. The average reduction in the incidence of anemia in teenage girls was 24.9%.Conclusions: Iron supplementation at a dose twice a week for 3 consecutive months can decrease the prevalence of anemia in teenage girls as much as 24.9% with an increase in hemoglobin levels ranged from 1.42 to 2.20 g/dl. Statistically, showed that iron supplementation had a significant impact on the reduction of anemia incidence in teenage girls.

Download Full-text

Study of anemia among adolescent school girls and young adults

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20182753 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 877 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anil Kumar ◽

Akhilesh Goyal ◽

Niket Verma ◽

Ashwin Mahesh

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Cephalopelvic Disproportion ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

History Of ◽

School Girls ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: The world’s adolescent population (age 10–19 years) is estimated to stand at more than 1 Billion, yet adolescents remain largely neglected, difficult-to-measure, and hard-to-reach. Population in which the needs of adolescent girls, in particular, are often ignored. Anemia during adolescence limits growth and delays the onset of menarche, which in turn may later lead to cephalopelvic disproportion. In armed forces young serving soldiers make the backbone of forces, anemia in this group affects man hour badly. So, study was planned to assess prevalence of anemia in these two groups.Methods: A prospective study was carried out with 340 girls and 500 serving adults and prevalence of anemia was carried out with respect to different prevailing factors.Results: The prevalence of severe, moderate and mild anemia in girls was 0.5%, 10.6% and 27.9% respectively and in serving soldiers prevalence of anemia was 1.8%, 2.8% and 3.4 % respectively.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 39% in adolescent girls and 8% in serving soldiers. Strongest predictor to anemia in adolescent girls was history of excessive menstrual bleeding and vegetarian diet. Age group, age at menarche and BMI did not affect anemia prevalence. Strongest predictor to anemia in soldiers was age.

Download Full-text

Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Konsumsi Remaja Putri yang Berhubungan dengan Status Anemia

Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/bpk.v47i3.1269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 175-182

Author(s):

Sintha Fransiske Simanungkalit ◽

Oster Suriani Simarmata

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Multivariate Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a condition where the number of red blood cells or the concentration of oxygen transport in the blood (Hb) is insufficient for the physiology needs of the body.1 The prevalence of anemia (15-24 years old) in Indonesia (2018) was 32%.2 The aimed of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, tablet knowledge of iron supplementation, nutritional status, Fe intake and consumption patterns of inhibitor and enhancers factors with anemia in adolescent girls. This study found that 63.4% of girls had anemia. The factors associated with anemia in this study were knowledge (p value = 0.004), nutritional status (p value = 0.034) and consumption patterns of Fe inhibitors (p value = 0.009). Based on multivariate test, knowledge of anaemia was obtained as the dominant factor in anemia among adolescent girls with OR 3,3. Suggestions in this study were the need to be counseling about anemia and Fe inhibitor consumption patterns and monitoring nutritional status at UKS SMA/K so that adolescent girls can avoid anemia. Keywords: anemia, knowledge, nutritional status and inhibitor Fe. Abstrak Anemia merupakan suatu kondisi dimana jumlah sel darah merah atau konsentrasi pengangkut oksigen dalam darah (Hb) tidak mencukupi untuk kebutuhan fisiologi tubuh.1 Prevalensi anemia pada rentang usia 15-24 tahun berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2018 adalah 32%.2 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan perilaku konsumsi dengan anemia remaja putri. Penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 63,4% remaja putri mengalami anemia. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia remaja putri dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan (p value = 0,004), status gizi (p value = 0,034) dan pola konsumsi inhibitor Fe (p value = 0,009). Setelah dilakukan uji multivariat didapatkan pengetahuan anemia sebagai faktor dominan anemia remaja putri dengan OR 3,3. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya diberikan penyuluhan mengenai anemia dan pola konsumsi inhibitor Fe serta pemantauan status gizi di UKS SMA/K sehingga para remaja putri terhindar dari anemia. Kata kunci: Anemia, Pengetahuan, Status Gizi, Inhibitor Fe

Download Full-text

Re-evaluating the need for universal iron supplementation in pregnant Indian women in the light of gestational age specific low hemoglobin prevalence

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i03.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 435-439

Author(s):

Aswathi Saji ◽

Jeswin Baby ◽

Anura V Kurpad ◽

Tinku Thomas

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Indian Women ◽

Iron Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Iron Folic Acid ◽

Women In India ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia prevalence among Indian pregnant women in 2015-16 was 50.4% and has not declined from 49.7% in 1998-99 despite the national policies on iron-folic acid supplementation. New gestational age-specific cut-offs (INTERGROWTH cut-off) for risk of low Hemoglobin (Hb) have been identified. Aims and objectives: Compare prevalences of low Hb based on WHO and INTERGROWTH cut-offs Methods: The prevalence of anemia/low Hb among pregnant women in trimesters 2 and 3 from NFHS-4 data were estimated using the current WHO recommendations and the INTERGROWTH cut-offs. Results: Prevalence of low Hb by the INTERGROWTH cut-off was 28.1%(95% CI:26.9-29.4) and 21.7%(95% CI:20.6-22.9) in trimesters 2 and 3. Anemia prevalence by WHO cut-off was much higher at 41.2%(95% CI:39.8-42.5) and 54.8%(95 CI:53.2-56.3) in trimesters 2 and 3. The prevalence of low-Hb was similar between ANC and no-ANC reported groups in both trimesters (26.1% and 28.9% in trimester-2; 20.1% and 22.4% in trimester-3). Conclusion: The prevalence of low-Hb with gestational age specific cut-offs is much lower compared to earlier estimates using WHO cut-off. The universal iron supplementation program for pregnant women in India need to be re-examined in this light and a tragetter Hb testing based supplementation may be more beneficial in reducing anemia prevalence.

Download Full-text