scholarly journals Application of non-destructive and sequential analyses of chemical composition using by scanning X-ray analytical microscope (SXAM): A case study of Lake Inawashiro-ko sediment core

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Nagahashi ◽  
Naomi Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sequential Analyses ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Non-destructive handheld XRF study of archaeological composite silver objects—the case study of the late Roman Seuso Treasure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Mozgai ◽  
Bernadett Bajnóczi ◽  
Zoltán May ◽  
Zsolt Mráv
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Objects ◽  
Mechanical Attachment ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In ◽  
Late Roman

AbstractThis study details the non-destructive chemical analysis of composite silver objects (ewers, situlas, amphora and casket) from one of the most significant late Roman finds, the Seuso Treasure. The Seuso Treasure consists of fourteen large silver vessels that were made in the fourth–early fifth centuries AD and used for dining during festive banquets and for washing and beautification. The measurements were systematically performed along a pre-designed grid at several points using handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results demonstrate that all the objects were made from high-quality silver (above 90 wt% Ag), with the exception of the base of the Geometric Ewer B. Copper was added intentionally to improve the mechanical properties of soft silver. The gold and lead content of the objects shows constant values (less than 1 wt% Au and Pb). The chemical composition as well as the Bi/Pb ratio suggests that the parts of the composite objects were manufactured from different silver ingots. The ewers were constructed in two ways: (i) the base and the body were made separately, or (ii) the ewer was raised from a single silver sheet. The composite objects were assembled using three methods: (i) mechanical attachment; (ii) low-temperature, lead-tin soft solders; or (iii) high-temperature, copper-silver hard solders. Additionally, two types of gilding were revealed by the XRF analysis, one with remnants of mercury, i.e. fire-gilding, and another type without remnants of mercury, presumably diffusion bonding.

X-ray Advances in Support of Advanced Packaging – Today and Tomorrow

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000409-000414
Author(s):  
David Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Destructive Test ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Packaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Output ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract As advanced packaging continues to develop to support novel and emerging technologies, the need for, ideally non-destructive, test and inspection continues to be vital to ensure the quality and assurance of functionality, wherever the package may go. This is made ever more difficult as the package complexity increases, whilst the feature sizes within continue to decrease. X-ray technology has long been an important part of the non-destructive inspection protocol over the history of advanced packaging and will continue to need to play a more important part in the future. This paper will review the advances made in both 2D and 3D X-ray inspection over recent years and the new opportunities that are now starting to be available, especially in 3D, or CT, inspection, that will enable this 120-year-old technology to remain relevant to and supportive of the needs of advanced packaging. To highlight the above, a case study will be presented on the faults that 2D and CT X-ray analysis can find in LEDs during their manufacture. LEDs are a good example of the remarkable developments in packaging and technology over the last 20 years, where the use of higher powers, smaller sized features and increased reliability requirements intensify the need for higher quality, more consistent production output. Flaws cannot be accepted, especially as higher usage powers mean higher operating temperatures which, in turn, then requires very good thermal conductivity in the package to move heat away from key areas. Without good heat dissipation then heat stresses at the interfaces can cause delamination or die fractures, so reducing LED lifetimes. The presence of voids, particularly at the die to package interface, creates air gaps that reduces heat transfer efficiency. As many LEDs are potted, or encapsulated, the only non-destructive test option to check for voiding and other faults is by using 2D and CT X-ray analysis.

scholarly journals Monte Finocchito and Heloros Pottery Production: New Evidence through Technological Studies and Material Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Raudino ◽  
Robert H. Tykot ◽  
Andrea Vianello
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThis paper discusses the use of non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) to distinguish sources of variation in 8th Century BC Greek and Sicilian ceramics. The project comprises an element of my PhD study through La Trobe University, concerning Hellenic colonies established from the eighth century BC in the south of Italy, and on Sicily in particular. This specific case study looks at the relationships established between the indigenous site of Monte Finocchito and the Greek settlement of Heloros, both located in south-eastern Sicily. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the pXRF technique for detecting material variations which are not readily apparent using traditional visual analysis during fieldwork.

scholarly journals Preventing the Sale of Fraudulent Gemstones using Non-Destructive X-Ray Fluoresence Spectroscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Mary S. Goldman ◽  
Dan L. Davis ◽  
Robert H. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Ideal Technique ◽  
Xrf Spectroscopy

As the old adage goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Ultimately, in the world of jewelry, the unwitting buyer uses his or her naked eye to decide which baubles are the most beautiful and worthy of wear. The expert jeweler and gemologist, however, know that each gem is subjected to rigorous scientific examinations and standards to determine its value and authenticity.As the number of methods for altering gems grows with technology, methods to counteract counterfeiters, who can take a worthless stone and alter it to make it appear like a more expensive gem, are essential to gem buyers and traders. They must be able to detect artificial stones.Gemologists assess gemstones based on several standards such as chemical composition and purity. Chemical composition plays a significant role in evaluating gems, as two of the same gemstone can differ chemically. One of the most well known methods of non-destructive testing for detecting gem quality is X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Increasingly in demand, XRF spectroscopy is an ideal technique for fighting the battle against fraud.

scholarly journals XRF Analysis of Carica papaya Leaves of Semi Arid Region of Kachchh

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Pravin N. Ram ◽  
Vijay Ram ◽  
Taslimahemad T. Khatri ◽  
Suhas J. Vyas ◽  
Pragnesh N. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vanadium Titanium ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of leaves of Carica papaya belonging to family Caricaceae growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The leaves of C. papaya were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Oxygen, Calcium, Magnessium, Potassium were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Silicon, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Chloride, Strontium, Stanous, Aluminium, Cromium and Mangenese, whereas the elements which were not detected in leaves of C. papaya are Vanadium, Titanium, Cobalt and Tantalum.

X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cold Sprayed Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr Coatings on Boiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Bala ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Sprayed Coatings ◽  
Boiler Steels ◽  
Better Than

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a versatile, non-destructive technique that reveals detailed information about the chemical composition and crystallographic structure of materials. In this work Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr coatings were deposited on two boiler steels namely T22 and SA 516 steel. The measurement of residual stresses of these cold sprayed coatings was done with the help of X-ray diffraction technique. This paper discussed the XRD study of the as-sprayed coatings. Further the XRD technique was used to study the uncoated and coated steels after cyclic exposure to air, molten salt [Na2SO4-60%V2O5], and actual boiler environments. The results obtained from the XRD analysis have been shown. The weight change results showed that the coated steels performed better than their uncoated counterparts which might be attributed to the formation of protective phases.

Using through-transmission mid-wave infrared vision and air-coupled ultrasound for artwork inspection: a case study on mock-ups of Portrait of the Painter's Mother

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhang ◽  
S Sfarra ◽  
A Osman ◽  
C Ibarra-Castanedo ◽  
X P V Maldague
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Infrared Vision ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Society Today

The conservation of artworks is playing an increasingly important role in society today. Non-destructive investigation can provide the potential to identify deterioration as early as possible. In this research, transmission mid-wave infrared (MWIR) vision and air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) were used to investigate two paintings on canvas made from different textile support materials. An X-ray technique was used in the work for validation. It was found that the transmission mode can probe deeper and the differences in absorption due to the different textile support materials can be distinguished. This paper summarises advantages of the transmission inspection mode and compares and analyses images from the two techniques from a physical point of view.

scholarly journals Characterisation of recycled ceramic mortars for use in prefabricated beam-filling pieces in structural floors

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (334) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
P. Rubio de Hita ◽  
F. Pérez-Gálvez ◽  
M. J. Morales-Conde ◽  
M. A. Pedreño-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used

This study analyses a procedure to manufacture mortars with different percentages of ceramic waste as partial replacement for aggregates. The study also examines the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the new mortars, analysing substitution ratios that range from 10% to 50%. Prior to this, all the materials used in the production of the mortar were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF). The objective was to determine the similarity between different types of ceramic waste, as well as the differences in the minerology and chemical composition with the aggregate. The results of the study show that it is possible to obtain mortars with lower densities compared to the same product with no recycled content. The product’s characteristics make it ideal for the manufacture of prefabricated components for structural floors for rehabilitation works. Finally, the pieces are used in a real rehabilitation case study, highlightining the structural advantages.

scholarly journals An analysis of geochemical features of crystallization of emeralds as an approach to determine the deposit of them

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
POPOV Мikhail Petrovich ◽  
◽  
SOLOMONOV Vladimir Ivanovich ◽  
SPIRINA Аl’fiya Vilikovna ◽  
IVANOV Мikhail Alekseevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Impurity Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Impurity Elements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Main Impurity

Relevance. It is known that minerals differ in morphology, features of the internal structure of crystals, chemical composition, etc., depending on the conditions of their formation and existence. These geochemical features of the gems crystallization are an important criterion for determining their deposit. In this paper, the impurity composition of the samples of emeralds from the deposits of Brazil, China, Zambia, Russia, Afghanistan, Colombia, and Tanzania was investigated by X-ray fluorescent analysis. The study of the impurity composition of emeralds by a non-destructive method and the construction of analytical dependences can be used as an additional way for determining the deposit of emeralds. Purpose of the work is the study of chemical composition of emeralds by X-ray fluorescent analysis to establish the relationship between the content of the main impurity elements and the deposit. Results. The data on the impurity composition of emeralds obtained by X-ray fluorescent analysis show that the content of impurities of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Fe, V, Cr differs from one deposit to another. The content of impurities of alkali metals and magnesium is higher in the samples from the shale-type deposits compared to the samples from deposits of the Colombian type. Thus, at the first stage, the type of deposit can be assumed. Further, the dependences plotted in the coordinate planes {Cr, V}, {Cs, Cr}, {Fe, Cr} show separate areas, delimited by the impurity ratios, which are typical for the samples from deposits in China, Colombia, Zambia, Afghanistan, and Tanzania. Conclusion. X-ray fluorescent analysis, as a non-destructive method for studying emeralds, is considered to be a promising approach to identifying their deposit, but as an additional method.

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