ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR WINTERING MATURE PREGNANT BEEF COWS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
H. F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Winds ◽  
Level Group

Experiments to determine the energy requirement of cows maintained on shortgrass range during the grazing season were conducted in three successive winters. Mature pregnant cows fed a high level (17,000 to 19,000 kcal per day) of digestible energy (DE) gained 33 kg during a mild winter, maintained their weight during a second winter of frequent high winds combined with low temperatures, and lost 16 kg in a third winter. On a medium level of DE intake (about 80% of high level) the cows gained 14 kg in a mild winter but lost 8 kg and 32 kg in a second and third winter. Cows fed a low level (about 60% of the high level) of DE lost 12 kg weight, several died, and some very thin ones were unable to stand even in the mild winter. During the second winter, all of the cows in the low-level group, several in the medium-level group, and a few in the high-level group were removed from the experiment because of their thin condition. Frequent combination of low temperatures and high winds appear to have contributed to higher energy requirements in the second and third winters than in the first winter.Level of nutrition of the dams did not affect average birth weights of calves. Calves from cows fed on the high levels of DE gained more to weaning than calves from cows on the low level of DE. The cows on the low level of DE in winter gained more weight in summer than those on the medium or high level of DE. The extra feed required to restore body weight of cows on the low level of DE apparently reduced the amount available for milk production and thus the weight gain of the calves.The NRC level of 18,000 kcal DE per day appeared to be suitable for wintering mature pregnant cows that are kept on the shortgrass plains during the grazing season.

Urban network of China from the perspective of population mobility: Three-dimensional co-occurrence of nodes and links

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2199781
Author(s):  
Xinyue Luo ◽  
Mingxing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Connections

The nodes and links in urban networks are usually presented in a two-dimensional(2D) view. The co-occurrence of nodes and links can also be realized from a three-dimensional(3D) perspective to make the characteristics of urban network more intuitively revealed. Our result shows that the external connections of high-level cities are mainly affected by the level of cities(nodes) and less affected by geographical distance, while medium-level cities are affected by the interaction of the level of cities(nodes) and geographical distance. The external connections of low-level cities are greatly restricted by geographical distance.

The Analysis of Students Mathematic Problem Solving Ability During Online Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
M. Arif Wahyu Daroini ◽  
Tri Novita Irawati ◽  
Sholahudin Al Ayubi
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Good For ◽  
High Level

This study aims to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities based on their high, medium and low level of ability in solving the problem. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method that use are observation, test, and interview. The results showed that the problem-solving ability of high-level subjects reached an average of 75%, the problem-solving abilities of medium-level subjects reached an average of 67%, the problem-solving abilities of low-level subjects reached an average of 67%, out of a maximum score of 100. The result of interview, ability level high, medium, and low, students are capable and good even though it does not reach 100%. So, it can be concluded that high, medium, and low level abilities are good for going through the problem solving ability indicator.  Keywords: problem solving, online learning  

Minimal Residual Disease Status at Day +100 Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Is a Powerful Predictor for Post-Transplant Outcome In Patients with High Risk Acute Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3550-3550
Author(s):  
XiaoWen Tang ◽  
Xingwei Sun ◽  
Shengli Xue ◽  
Xiaolan Shi ◽  
Mingqing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level Group ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Group

Abstract Abstract 3550 Background and Objectives Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still a major cause for the failure in treatment. It has been shown that there was a closely relationship between the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse in acute leukemia (AL) patients; However, the application of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) for MRD assessment in high risk patients with AL who undergoing allo-HSCT is little concerned. We retrospectively analysed the serial results of MRD of 52 high risk patients with AL to evaluates the prognostic value of MRD pre and post transplantation. Methods 52 patients with a median age of 29 (13–55) years have been enrolled on this study in our hospital from January 2003 to September 2008.Diagnoses included AML (n=27) and ALL (n=25). The patients had been analyzed retrospectively the level of MRD pre-(day-30)and post-HSCT(day+30 and +100)using three color FCM with CD45/SSC gating and a comprehensive panel of monoclonal antibodies, at least one leukemia associated aberrant immunophenotype (LAIP) at diagnosis. According to the cutoff value 0.1%, two groups were defined based on the level of patient's MRD level< (low level group) or >= (high level group) 0.1%. Results The median follow up were 23 (range 1–60) months. 1.MRD level declines significantly (P=0.03) post transplant. 2. There were significantly difference between low level and high level group at day -30 before transplant with 3 years event free survival(EFS) and relapse free survival (RFS)(77.4% and 88.4% vs. 22.3% and 25.7%, p=0.007and p=0.001 respectively). 3. Concerning about MRD at day +100 after transplant, outcome was significantly better among patients with low level MRD group versus high group including 3 years OS,EFS and RFS(84.2%, 79.5% and 89.5% versus 22.9%, 9.5% and 11.2%).4. The median time from high level MRD detected first time to clinical relapse was 2.5 (range from 1 to 33) months in relapsed patients. 5. The patients with cGVHD had better 3 years OS and EFS than that without cGVHD(86.3% vs 12.1%, p<0.001 and 65.3% vs.14.8%, p< 0.001 respectively). 6. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that MRD on day +100 as well as chronic GVHD were independent parameters predictive for OS and EFS. Conclusions MRD monitoring pre- and post-transplant is an important tool to predict the outcome of transplantation for patients with high risk AL. The MRD check point at day +100 should be considered crucial for subsequent therapeutic decisions after allogeneic transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Tsunami risk levels mapping in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
E P Anindia ◽  
E Hidayah ◽  
R U A Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
High Level

Abstract Puger sub-district is categorized as a tsunami-prone area because of its location in the South Coast, directly facing the Indian Ocean, which is the meeting point for two active tectonic plates. The active plate zone is prone to causing earthquakes that raise tsunamis. This article will describe the tsunami hazard and vulnerability level in Puger sub-district using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The method in this study uses a weighted overlay method. The weighting method is carried out to determine the level of tsunami hazard and vulnerability by following the weighting criteria in previous studies. Physical vulnerability criteria include land elevation, slope, beach type, land use, coastline distance, and rivers. The tsunami hazard level is determined based on the tsunami run-up map from previous studies. Based on the results of the risk mapping, it was found that there were five risk categories in Puger sub-district, namely the very low level (13.90 Ha), low level (271.99 Ha), medium level (7133.25 Ha), high level (644.22 Ha), and very high level (23.29 Ha).

scholarly journals Empowerment of Women in Fisheries: Evidence from Ganjam District of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Priyanka Patra ◽  
S. S. Dana ◽  
S. B. Ramya Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Good Concentration ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ganjam District

The present study was conducted to assess the empowerment level of women in the fisheries sector in the Ganjam district of Odisha. In the inland sector, the highest numbers of women are of the fishermen population in Ganjam district i.e. 29476 out of a total 263514 number of female fisheries population of the state (Directorate of Fisheries, Government of Odisha, 2015). A very good concentration of women is involving in fisheries activities in this district. But when sector-specific cases are concerned, there are very few studies found where different dimensions of women empowerment through fisheries are discussed. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (66.60%) in the Inland sector are grouped under a medium level of empowerment followed by low and high-level empowerment (16.70%). These results indicated that there is a significant move towards the empowerment of women in the case of inland fisheries. However, in the Marine sector equal percentage of respondents belonged to both medium and high levels of women empowerment i.e. each 30 (50.00%) and low level of empowerment was nil which indicates the level of empowerment in the marine fisheries activities compared to inland fisheries. With this background, the overall empowerment score was categorized into the low, medium, and high level of empowerment where a majority of the respondents (71.6%) were under the medium level of empowerment followed by the equal percentage of the low and high level of empowerment (14.2%). The composite score of empowerment of women is also encouraging. However, efforts are needed to bring women empowerment from medium level to a higher level. There is also a need to uplift a section of women who are still in the lower category of empowerment.

scholarly journals The influence of the dimensions of perfectionism on the formation of emotional maladjustment

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Level

The growing complexity of the medical profession places increased demands on the future physician’s adaptive capacity. The problem of the relationship of the aff ective spectrum disorders with such a dysfunctional personality trait as perfectionism is intensively discussed in clinical psychology. Medical students are in a more diffi cult position than others. It’s related to their future profession requires a high level of training and also associated with a high responsibility for the lives and patient’s health. High pace, intense workload, stress of life makes increased demands on the compensatory mechanisms of the medical student’s psyche, failure of which leads to psychological and social confl icts. The paper presents an empirical study of the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and daily stress as the main components of emotional maladaptation, depending on the level of perfectionism in the medical student environment in conditions of increased psychological stress and pre-examination stress. Subjects with a low level of perfectionism are as emotionally prosperous as possible - they have no signs of depression in 89% of cases. In the group of subjects with a medium level of perfectionism, the number of respondents in whom there are no signs of depression decreases and the number with mild, moderate and high levels of depression increases. In the group with a high level of perfectionism, the number of people without signs of depression is half of the whole group, a sharp increase in the number of subjects with moderate and high levels of depression. The level of depression in all three groups is statistically signifi cantly diff erent from each other: the lowest in the group with a low level of perfectionism and the highest in the group with a high level of perfectionism (p <0.001). Positive correlations between the general indicator of perfectionism, its separate parameters and indicators of depression, anxiety and daily stress in the studied groups are revealed. The data obtained as a result of the study confi rm the high level of emotional maladaptation of medical students. In the academic student medical environment, respondents with a pronounced level of perfectionism experience more high-intensity, daily stress (both in the interpersonal and academic spheres of student life) compared to respondents with moderate and low levels of perfectionism.

The Initial Level of MLL-PTD Affects the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5241-5241
Author(s):  
Jun Kong ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Yazhen Qin ◽  
Xiaosu Zhao ◽  
Hong-Hu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Genetic alterations of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene are commonly implicated in the development of acute leukemia. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a partial tandem duplication (PTD) of MLL occurs in about 5%-11% of patients, mainly in adults and rarely inchildren( Meyer C et al Leukemia 2013) .It is not known whether the initial expression level of MLL-PTD affects the prognosis of AMLs. Therefore, we analyzed the clinical data of 36 AML patients with MLL-PTD treated in our institute from January 2014 to January 2016, and tried to investigate whether the initial level of MLL-PTD has an impact on the prognosis of AML patients. MLL-PTD is present in adult non-leukemichematopoiesisand observed in bone marrow and peripheral blood of adult healthy individuals. In order to identify the threshold of MLL-PTD for AML patients, a control group of bone marrow samples from 29 normal adult donors were tested. The median value of MLL-PTD was 0.046(0.014¡«0.080)%. Patients with AML were considered MLL-PTD positive if their expression level was higher than 0.08%. 430 patients were newly diagnosed AML and treated in institute between January 2014 and January 2016. Among these AML patients, AML patients with MLL-PTD were selected as the subject patients. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) more than 16 years old; (2)Bone marrow MLL-PTD/ABL£¾0.08%; (3)receivedmore than 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Our study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking UniversityPeople¡¯s Hospital.All patients offered signed informed consent to participate in the study.The cutoff date for follow-up was Match 31, 2016. Of the 430 de novo AML patients, 36(8.4%) patients were MLL-PTD positive. The median age was 48(22¡«72) years. 28 cases were diagnosed M2, and the others included 4 cases of M4, 2 cases of M5 and 2 cases of M6. 5 cases were FLT3-ITD mutation+, 2 cases were NPM1 mutation+,7cases were double-CEBPA mutation+. The complete remission (CR) rate after first induction chemotherapy was 58.3%, the total CR rate after second chemotherapy was 66.7%, 1 case achieved CR after third chemotherapy, and 1 case achieved CR withsorafenibtreatment. 2 cases receivedallo-HSCT. In the 26 cases who achieved CR1, 7 cases relapsed at a median of 5 months. The median follow-up was 4.8 (2¡«17.2) months, and 10 cases were died. According to Hans B. Ommenetal¡äs study (Ommen HB et al Br J Haemato2014), ROC analysis was performed to determine the potential optimal MLL-PTD cutoff level to predict the incidence of CR after second induction chemotherapy. We established MLL-PTD ¡Ý1% as the cut of value. 19 cases were MLL-PTD £¼1% as the low level group and 17 cases were MLL-PTD ¡Ý1% as the high level group. Distribution of FAB type (M2 incidence 100% vs. 53%, P=0.003) and biallelic CEBPA mutation incidence (37% vs. 0%, P=0.008) were significantly different between the two groups. (Table 1) The CR rate after first induction chemotherapy (78.9% VS 35.3%, P=0.008) and CR rate after second induction chemotherapy (84.2% VS 47.1%,P=0.001) were also significantly different between the two groups.(Table 2) Logistic regression analysis showed that high level of MLL-PTD was the only independent risk factor of CR rate after second induction chemotherapy (OR=0.16, P=0.024). There were 5 patients died in each group. The 15-month estimated OS between low-level and high-level groups was not significantly different (51.5% vs .67.2%, P=0.607). Our data indicates that the initial level of MLL-PTD in patients with AML affects clinical prognosis, and patients with high initial level MLL-PTD have a lower CR rate. Low level of MLL-PTD may not play a part in the development of acute leukemia. And it needs further observation to identify the effect of initial MLL-PTD level on survival. Kong Jun and Jiang Hao contributed equally to this work Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Innovation Search Scope, Technological Complexity, and Environmental Turbulence: A N-K Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Ying Ying
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Environmental Turbulence ◽  
Landscape Model ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Technological Complexity ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Dynamic Landscapes ◽  
High Level

This paper discusses the effects of different innovation search scopes on the performance of the N-K fitness landscape model with a focus on its contextual factors of technology complexity and environmental turbulence. Results show that the medium-level search scope has a significantly better outcome than the low-level search scope, especially when the technological complexity is high, while the high-level search scope would not provide a statistically significant advantage. After introducing the turbulent range and rapidity into the N-K model, we extend the model into a dynamic one to simulate better the real turbulent business world. The results of the simulation in dynamic landscapes show that the higher degree of environmental turbulence causes a higher search scope to become more valuable.

HOW DOES PRIOR WORD KNOWLEDGE AFFECT VOCABULARY LEARNING PROGRESS IN AN EXTENSIVE READING PROGRAM?

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Webb ◽  
Anna C.-S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Graded Readers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relative Gains ◽  
Level Group

Sixty English as a foreign language learners were divided into high-, intermediate-, and low-level groups based on their scores on pretests of target vocabulary and Vocabulary Levels Test scores. The participants read 10 Level 1 and 10 Level 2 graded readers over 37 weeks during two terms. Two sets of 100 target words were chosen from each set of graded readers and were tested on three occasions. The results showed that the relative gains from pretest to immediate posttest were 63.18%, 44.64%, and 28.12% for the high-, intermediate-, and low-level groups, respectively. There was little decay in knowledge on the Term 1 three-month delayed posttest; relative gains ranged from 21.05% for the low-level group to 59.01% for the high-level group. The learning gains in Term 2 were consistent with those from Term 1. The results indicate that prior vocabulary knowledge may have a large impact on the amount of vocabulary learning made through extensive reading.

scholarly journals Análisis de la distancia recorrida en pádel en función del nivel de juego y el número de puntos por partido (Analysis of distance covered in padel based on level of play and number of points per match)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Jesús Ramón-Llín ◽  
José Guzmán ◽  
Salvador Llana ◽  
Goran Vuckovic ◽  
Diego Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
Passive Phase

La distancia que recorren los jugadores por partido supone una forma de cuantificar el volumen de carga externa del juego, y su estudio tiene una gran aplicación en la planificación del entrenamiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distancia recorrida en diferentes fases del partido (activa y pasiva) y su relación con el número de puntos disputados y nivel de juego de los deportistas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 108 jugadores federados de pádel (edad media = 33.81 ± 6.72 años). Se analizaron, a través de observación sistemática con el sistema SAGIT, un total 4406 puntos correspondientes a 27 partidos de pádel. Los partidos fueron divididos en tres niveles de competición: nivel alto (9 partidos; 1158 puntos), nivel medio (9 partidos; 1352 puntos) y nivel bajo (9 partidos; 1044 puntos). Los resultados mostraron como los jugadores de pádel recorren una distancia media de 11 metros por punto y de 2900 metros por partido. Esta distancia total está dividida en un 51 % de fase activa (tiempo de juego) y un 49 % de fase pasiva (tiempo de descanso). Los jugadores de nivel medio recorrieron casi 400 metros más en la fase activa que los jugadores de nivel alto y casi 900 metros más que los jugadores de nivel bajo. Además, el número de puntos disputados correlacionó de forma positiva y significativamente en la distancia recorrida por los jugadores. Abstract. Volume of game external load can be calculated through distance covered by players per match and its study has a great application in the planning of sports trainings. The aim of this study was to analyze distance covered in passive and active game phases and its relation with number of points played and players’ level. Sample was made up of 108 federated padel players (Average age = 33.81 ± 6.72 years old). A total of 4406 points corresponding to 27 padel matches were analyzed through systematic observation with the SAGIT system. Matches were divided into three levels of competition: high level (9 matches; 1158 points), medium level (9 matches; 1352 points) and low level (9 matches; 1044 points). The results showed that padel players covered an average distance of 11 meters per point and 2900 meters per game. This total distance is divided into 51% active phase (playing time) and 49% passive phase (rest time). The mid-level players recorded almost 400 meters more in the active phase than the high-level players and almost 900 meters more than the low-level players. In addition, number of points correlated positively and significantly with the distance covered by the players.

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