RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEED COLOR AND VIABILITY, GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF WILD SAFFLOWER ECOTYPES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDOLLAH BASSIRI ◽  
MANOUCHEHR KHERADNAM
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Wild Safflower

Seed of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.) ecotypes were collected from six different locations. The proportion of white, gray and black seeds, viability percentage and 1,000-seed weight were determined. The proportion of gray seeds differed in different locations. The seed coats of white seeds were thinner than those of colored seeds and white seeds were smaller than dark seeds. The viability of the seed from locations with high soil salinity was low. The germination percentage and seedling lengths of scarified and non-scarified seeds of each ecotype grouped according to color were determined after 7 days at 18 ± 2 C. Significant differences were found among ecotypes for germination percentage and seedling length. Scarification improved germination but did not affect seedling length. Germination was highest in non-scarified white seeds but when seeds were scarified, black and gray seeds had the highest germinations.

Effect of Seed Treatment on Germination of Wild Safflower

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Bassiri ◽  
Iraj Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Viability Level ◽  
Wild Safflower

Seeds of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacanthaBieb.) collected from the Bajgah area, Iran, in 2 successive years were subjected to stratification and scarification treatments and their germination percentage and subsequent seedling growth (length) were measured at room temperature (23 ± 2 C). Maximum germination and seedling length occurred in the seeds stratified in moist sand at 4 C for 2 weeks. The response of the freshly-harvested seed to scarification was linear while that for 1-yr-old seed was quadratic. Both scarification and stratification independently increased germination but germination never reached the viability level of the seed.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

Effect of temperature and scarification on germination and emergence of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bassiri ◽  
I. Rouhani ◽  
S. R. Ghorashy
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wild Safflower ◽  
Wild Seed

SUMMARYSeeds of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb., collected from the Bajgah area, Iran, were subjected to chilling and/or scarification and their germination and emergence characteristics and seedling growth were studied in two laboratory experiments. Seeds of Arak 2811 variety of cultivated safflower, C. tinctorius L., harvested from the same area at the same time was used for comparison.In the first experiment, the untreated, scarified, chilled at 0 °C for 1 month, and chilled and scarified wild seed and seed of the variety Arak 2811 were incubated at six different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and their germination percentage and seedling lengths were recorded. In the second experiment, the seeds of the above five treatments were planted in a silty clay loam at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and their emergence and seedling heights were noted.In all cases, the cultivated variety, Arak 2811, had higher germination and emergence percentages and seedling heights than the wild type. Germination of both strains was greatly reduced at the two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C). The optimum temperatures for germination of the wild and the cultivated strains were between 15 and 20 °C.Scarification of the wild seed did not improve the germination or emergence percentages and chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °C reduced the emergence of the wild seed. Temperature of germination, however, seemed to be an important factor affecting germination and seedling growth of wild safflower.

Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Peng ◽  
Wu Geng ◽  
Wu Yong-quan ◽  
Li Mao-teng ◽  
Xiang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Thresholds ◽  
Hongze Lake ◽  
Seedling Length

In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 +  and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 +  was more toxic than Cd2 +  at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

RELATIONSHIP OF TAXA IN THE GENUS MEDICAGO AS REVEALED BY HYBRIDIZATION. V. SECTION INTERTEXTAE

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins ◽  
S. M. Singh ◽  
A. Erac
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
White Patch ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Hereditary Material ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Relationship Of

Urban (1873) characterized Medicago L. division Intertextae Urb. as having black seeds. An exception to this was found among M. granadensis Willd.; there were accessions with black as well as with brown seeds. Black seed color was dominant over brown and segregated in F2 in ratio 3:1. Two other M. granadensis marker characters: colored vs. green stems, hairy stems vs. smooth stems similarly segregated in a 3:1 ratio, the first named characters being dominant. The colored and white patch in the middle of leaflets appeared to be determined by a gene P for patching, a gene C being responsible for the presence of color. No recombinations were found between colored patch in leaflets, colored stems, and black seeds, indicating that there is only one gene for color with pleiotropic action, or that the genes are closely linked M. granadensis did not hybridize with M. intertexta and M. ciliaris. It clearly is a separate species.M. intertexta Mill., M. ciliaris All. and M. muricoleptis Tin. could be intercrossed. Marker characters, red basal patch vs. no patch in leaflets and hairs vs. no hairs on pods, segregated in F2 in a normal 3:1 ratio, the first named characters being dominant, Segregation did not indicate that there was any linkage between the two characters. Seed weight difference was determined by two genes acting in an additive manner. Distribution of leaf marking in seed weight classes indicated an independent segregation. Pollen fertility of F1's was less than 50%. There were observed irregularities in 30% of meiotic metaphases studied in F1 of M. muricoleptis × M. ciliaris. Because of some interbreeding barrier the taxa may be considered separate species though their hereditary material can be interchanged.

Chloride salts inhibit emergence and seedling growth of chickpea rather than germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdi Özaktan ◽  
Cemalettin Yasar Çiftçi Çiftçi ◽  
Mehmet Demir KAYA ◽  
Sati Uzun ◽  
Oguzhan Uzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

The effects of chloride salts (NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) with the same electrical conductivity (EC) values on germination, emergence, seedling growth and Cl content of seedling in chickpea cultivars (Akçin 91, Aziziye, Gökçe, Inci, Iºýk-05 and Yaºa-05) were investigated. The EC values of the chloride salts were adjusted to 4, 8 and 16 dS m-1 and the distilled water was served as control. Germination percentage, mean germination time, radicula and plumula lengths, fresh and dry radicula and plumula weight, chloride (Cl-) content of seedling in germination test, and seedling length, fresh and dry seedling weight in emergence test were measured. The results revealed that increasing salt doses caused a significant reduction in parameters of all cultivars. The dose of 16 dS m-1 from each salt was found to be lethal. Cl- content of seedling was increased from 0.05 ppm in control to 4.10 ppm in 16 dS m-1; resulting in decreasing germination, emergence and seedling growth. The cultivar Aziziye presented better performance and gave higher emergence rates in NaCl, while Iºýk-05 in CaCl2 and Gökçe in MgCl2; indicating that there was a genotypic variation towards different salt sources. It was concluded that emergence and seedling growth were severely influenced by increasing salinity without changing germination and emergence was not possible at 16 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Differential Responses of Dimorphic Seeds and Seedlings to Abiotic Stresses in the Halophyte Suaeda salsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Mingfang Hu ◽  
Hongyuan Ma ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Zhenyong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Germination Traits

The period between seed germination and seedling establishment is one of the most vulnerable stages in the life cycle of annuals in the saline environments. Although germination characteristics of Suaeda salsa seeds have been reported, the comparative germination patterns of dimorphic seeds and seedling growth to different abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this study, germination responses of dimorphic seeds to light and temperature were compared. Meanwhile, responses of dimorphic seeds and thereafter seedlings of S. salsa to different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 were also tested. The results showed that the light did not significantly affect germination percentage of brown seeds, but significantly promoted germination of black seeds. Brown seeds could reach high germination percentage over a wide temperature range, however, germination of black seeds gradually increased with the increase of temperature. Brown seeds had higher germination percentage and velocity than black seeds under the same salt conditions. However, black seeds had higher recovery germination than brown seeds when transferred to deionized water. Young seedlings had lower salt tolerance than germinating seeds. At the same concentrations, Na2SO4 had stronger inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth than NaCl. This study comprehensively compared germination traits of dimorphic seeds and seedling growth of S. salsa, and then developed a conceptual model to explain their adaptation to harsh saline environment.

scholarly journals THE ALLELOPATHICITY OF RED SPRANGLETOP (Leptochloa chinensis L.) AGAINST GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sikander Hayyat ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Length

Red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.) is a problematic weed of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) that greatly reduces in yield. The laboratory studies were undertaken to confirm allelopathicity of its plant leachates and soil-decomposition plant residues towards emergence and seedling growth of rice. In first experiment, aqueous extracts from various plant parts of red sprangletop (stem, root, leaves, flower and entire plant) at their 5% (w/v) concentration were applied to germinating rice seeds. In second experiment, soil-decomposed red sprangletop plant residues of variable concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w) were used as germination media for rice. Among plant parts, red sprangletop leaves showed maximum allelopathic effect by fully inhibiting the germination of rice while its stem could be positioned at second situation as it caused 60, 73, 84.13 and 86 % reductions in germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling dry biomass of rice as compared with control, respectively. This treatment also resulted in maximum delays in mean germination time (up to 4.80 days) and days taken to 50% germination (up to 4.40 days) of rice. The highest concentrated (6%) soil-decomposed plant residue of red sprangletop significantly diminished the germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling vigor index that were 35.13, 23.26 and 41.61% lower than control. It very well may be presumed that liquid concentrates of leave and stem soil-decomposed plant residues of 6% concentration had different kind of allelochemicals that inhibited the germination, seedling growth and development of rice.

scholarly journals Differences in the Seed Germination of Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) Ecotypes Reveal Distinct Strategies for Coping With Salinity Stress: A Common Garden Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Yao Ma ◽  
Hong-Yuan Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wen-Wen Qi ◽  
Shao-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Total Seed

Soil salinity is important abiotic stress affecting various ecosystems worldwide such as grassland. Distinct ecotypes often evolve within species by natural selection to facilitate adaptation to different types of environmental stress. Leymus chinensis is a perennial rhizomatous grass that is widely distributed in the eastern Eurasian steppe; it has two main ecotypes, namely, yellow-green (YG) and gray-green (GG), which differ in their strategy for coping with salinity stress. Few studies have examined the seed germination of the two ecotypes under salinity stress. In this study, the seed germination and seedling growth of two ecotypes of L. chinensis in response to different levels of salinity (NaCl) stress [0 (control), 20, 50, 100, and 200 mM] were examined. Then, ungerminated seeds were placed under normal conditions to evaluate seedling growth following exposure to salt stress (i.e., regermination). The germination percentage was significantly higher, and the mean germination time was significantly shorter in the GG ecotype than in the YG ecotype at all NaCl concentrations. As the salinity level increased, the radicle length of the two ecotypes decreased; however, GG had longer radicles and a higher number of radicles, even at 200 mM NaCl when no radicle protruding from the seed coat was detected in YG. The shoot length of GG was significantly longer than that of YG at all NaCl levels. After salinity stress was removed, the seed germination percentage increased as the original concentration of NaCl applied increased, but the total germination percentage did not significantly differ among NaCl concentrations. The total seed germination percentage of GG was approximately 80%, whereas that of the YG was approximately 20%. The seedling length of regerminated seeds for both GG and YG was similar. The thousand-grain weight of GG was significantly higher than that of YG. GG was more salt-tolerant than YG and might be better capable of surviving in harsher environments, suggesting that GG might be particularly useful for saline grassland restoration.

scholarly journals Effect of nutri-priming on germination indices and physiological characteristics of stevia seedling under salinity stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi ◽  
Heshmat Omidi ◽  
Seyed Jalal Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination Indices

Abstract: Poor germination and low seedling growth of stevia (Stevia rebuadiana Bertoni) are common problems in the cultivation of the plant. On the other hand, salinity is one of the abiotic environmental stresses that reduce the performance of the product. The objective in this study was to assess the effect of nutri-priming with selenium (Se), iron (Fe) and boron (B) on stevia seed germination indices and physiological characteristics in sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity condition (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM). Results indicated that the effect of salinity in nutri-priming were significant on germination percentage, germination rate, germination uniformity, germination value, seedling length, seedling vigor index, total chlorophyll, free proline content and enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Salinity stress decreased the percentage and rate of germination and seed vigor, however, nutri-priming reduces the adverse effects of salinity stress. Salinity also reduced the amount of chlorophyll content, in spite of all that this decrease was very low in terms of nutri-priming with Se, Se+Fe and Se+Fe+B in high salinity level (90 mM). Salinity stress increased proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT and SOD, that nutri-priming especially with the Se more increased. The finding of this study leads to the conclusion that nutri-priming with nutrients, especially Se and Fe increased the antioxidant capacity of the plant to improve germination and seedling growth of stevia under salinity stress.

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