scholarly journals Methods and analysis of bat guano cores from caves for paleoecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Alexandra Tsalickis ◽  
Matthew Waters ◽  
Joshua Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Precipitation Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Bat Guano

Whereas bat guano is gaining viability in accurately reconstructing local paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions, overall reviews of methods for analyzing and collecting bat guano cores have received less attention. Guano cores have been collected from several locations (e.g., United States, Romania, Philippines, and southeast Asia), and the processing and collection methods are quite similar despite a lack of standardized techniques. Physical, chemical, and elemental analyses on guano samples have focused on the interpretation of precipitation changes over time, with additional applications from stable isotope analysis being used for other paleoenvironmental conditions. We obtained three bat guano cores from Alabama and Tennessee to evaluate the collecting and processing techniques of guano. Climatic temperature changes were not analyzed in this study. The purpose of this investigation was to summarize multiple techniques and approaches used to process and analyze bat guano cores with a focus on reconstructing paleoclimate in cave environments throughout the globe. From these three cores, we describe challenges and make recommendations for improving guano analysis.

scholarly journals Effective Method for Diagnosing Continuous Welded Track Condition Based on Experimental Research

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Jacek Kukulski ◽  
Piotr Gołębiowski ◽  
Jacek Makowski ◽  
Ilona Jacyna-Gołda ◽  
Jolanta Żak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Track Condition ◽  
Very High

The correct operation of the continuous welded track requires diagnosing its condition and preparation of track metrics requiring measurements of displacements of rail under operation. This is required as there are additional thermal stresses in the rails with values depending on the temperature changes of the rails. Therefore, the climatic conditions are important. This paper presents the original effective analytical method for diagnosing the condition of continuous welded track based on experimental research. The method allows for an appropriate repair or maintenance recommendation. In the experimental research, the authors considered track diagnostic conditions for two conditions: track under load and track without load. This paper presents empirical formulas for calculating rail temperature and longitudinal force based on ambient temperature, developed from long-term measurements. The formulas were developed for a track located on a straight section—both for a rail loaded and unloaded with a passing train under the following conditions: 60E1 rail, not on an engineering structure, conventional surface, wooden sleepers and very high train traffic load. The obtained results in the value of the correlation coefficient R2 ≥ 0.995 attest to very high accuracy of the calculations performed with the method proposed by the authors.

Study of the temperature regime of wheat storage In the elevator of the far eastern region of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
V.V. Looze ◽  
A.V. Gavrilov ◽  
K.B. Gurieva ◽  
S.L. Beletskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Far Eastern

The article presents and analyzes the temperature conditions of storage of wheat grain batches during the six-year storage period in silos of precast concrete elevators in the Far Eastern Region of the Russian Federation. The time intervals of grain temperature changes depending on the corresponding climatic conditions are considered. It is shown that the grain mass in the silos of elevators is in a cooled state, at a temperature below 10 °C, most of the annual cycle.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION, MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY CLAYS OF THE PRIKHANKAYSKAYA DEPRESSION (PRIMORYE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
T. G. RYASHCHENKO ◽  
N. N. UKHOVA ◽  
S. I. SHTELMAKH ◽  
N. I. BELYANINA ◽  
P. S. BELYANIN
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Study Results

The article considers the study results of composition, microstructure and physical-chemical properties of the quaternary clays of the Prikhankayskaya depression in district of the lake Khanka (Primorye) on the example of air-dry samples of geological borehole 45-b in the range of 18–62 m. The objective of research was to obtain new information about the properties of widespread clay sediments in this area using geologic-lithological materials and laboratory data. The schematic geologic-lithological column was composed with the selection of various zones in the quaternary clay sediments section and the border with sediments of the Neogene System. The methodological scheme of laboratory studies of clays was proposed. This scheme includes the determination of chemical and microelement composition, clay minerals, contents of carbonates, water-soluble salts, mobile forms of aluminum oxide, humus, as well as microstructural parameters (method «Microstructure») and some physical-chemical properties. Geochemical coefficients (Kz, CIA, CIW, ICV) determined the degree of chemical maturity of clays and confirmed the results of palynological studies reflecting the fluctuations of the climatic conditions of their formation. For the group of toxic microelements for the first time the special indicator (Zc) was calculated. Which was the criterion for a degree of pollution of the clay sediments section. Clay minerals of the quaternary clays are represented by smectite and hydromica. The clear change in the mineral association was found when passing to the Neogene sediments (kaolinite prevails). The method «Microstructure» revealed the aggregated type of clays microstructure, the domination of the particles of coarse dust fraction among the primary (free) particles and the almost complete absence of the particles of fine-grained sand fraction, the participation of various fractions in the composition of aggregates. The variants of the formation of certain types of aggregates (on sizes) in the fluviolacustrine «khankayskiy» clays are presented. Solid part density, water resistance (soaking time), sedimentation volume, plasticity, relative swelling (samples-pastes) were determined using standard methods for clays. By special methods, the cation exchange capacity was measured and the calculated values of the plasticity index were obtained from forecasting formulas using the yield limit. The proposed methodological scheme of complex laboratory studies of clay sediments can be recommended for problematic geologic-lithological and engineering-geological sections.

scholarly journals Climate structuring of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the threatened amphibians of the northern Western Ghats, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 180211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Thorpe ◽  
Todd R. Lewis ◽  
Matthew C. Fisher ◽  
Claudia J. Wierzbicki ◽  
Siddharth Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
First Record ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Western Ghats

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) is a pathogen killing amphibians worldwide. Its impact across much of Asia is poorly characterized. This study systematically surveyed amphibians for Bd across rocky plateaus in the northern section of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, including the first surveys of the plateaus in the coastal region. These ecosystems offer an epidemiological model system since they are characterized by differing levels of connectivity, edaphic and climatic conditions, and anthropogenic stressors. One hundred and eighteen individuals of 21 species of Anura and Apoda on 13 plateaus ranging from 67 to 1179 m above sea level and 15.89 to 17.92° North latitude were sampled. Using qPCR protocols, 79% of species and 27% of individuals tested were positive for Bd . This is the first record of Bd in caecilians in India, the Critically Endangered Xanthophryne tigerina and Endangered Fejervarya cf. sahyadris . Mean site prevalence was 28.15%. Prevalence below the escarpment was 31.2% and 25.4% above. The intensity of infection (GE) showed the reverse pattern. Infection may be related to elevational temperature changes, thermal exclusion, inter-site connectivity and anthropogenic disturbance. Coastal plateaus may be thermal refuges from Bd . Infected amphibians represented a wide range of ecological traits posing interesting questions about transmission routes.

From catching up to industrial leadership: towards an integrated market-technology perspective. An application of semantic patent-to-patent similarity in the wind and EV sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S Hain ◽  
Roman Jurowetzki ◽  
Primoz Konda ◽  
Lars Oehler
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Industrial Leadership ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Empirical Case Studies ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Studies on catching up and industrial leadership have often used market-related variables to evaluate the catch-up trajectories of latecomer countries and firms. In this study, we aim to enhance our understanding of these concepts by presenting an integrated market-technology framework. Using natural language processing techniques allows us to go beyond patent numbers and analyze patent novelty and impact as well as technological changes over time. In empirical case studies on wind energy and electric vehicles in China, Japan, and South Korea, we compare and identify country and sector-specific catch-up trajectories and potential catch-up traps.

DOES HARMFUL CLIMATE INCREASE OR DECREASE MIGRATION? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950013
Author(s):  
CRISTINA CATTANEO ◽  
EMANUELE MASSETTI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes whether migration is an adaptation strategy that households employ to cope with climate in Nigeria. We estimate our model using the cross-sectional variation in climate and long-term migration decisions because we are interested in the average response to long-term climatic conditions. For households that operate farms, we find that the relationship between climate and migration is nonlinear. In particular, climates closer to ideal farming conditions are associated with a higher propensity to migrate, whereas in the least favorable climatic conditions, the propensity to migrate declines. The marginal effect of rainfall and temperature changes on migration varies by season. We estimate the impact of climate change on the number of migrant households in 2031–2060 and 2071–2100, ceteris paribus. With current population levels, climate change generates between 3.6 and 6.3 million additional migrants, most of them being internal. However, these estimates are not statistically significant.

scholarly journals A variational joint segmentation and registration framework for multimodal images

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 174830262096669
Author(s):  
Adela Ademaj ◽  
Lavdie Rada ◽  
Mazlinda Ibrahim ◽  
Ke Chen
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Active Contour ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Image Structure ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Multimodal Images ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Over Time

Image segmentation and registration are closely related image processing techniques and often required as simultaneous tasks. In this work, we introduce an optimization-based approach to a joint registration and segmentation model for multimodal images deformation. The model combines an active contour variational term with mutual information (MI) smoothing fitting term and solves in this way the difficulties of simultaneously performed segmentation and registration models for multimodal images. This combination takes into account the image structure boundaries and the movement of the objects, leading in this way to a robust dynamic scheme that links the object boundaries information that changes over time. Comparison of our model with state of art shows that our method leads to more consistent registrations and accurate results.

Impact of Internal Thermal Insulation Systems on Static Behaviour of Exterior Walls

2013 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pašek
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Reduce Heat Loss ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Techniques ◽  
Static Behaviour

In general, in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic the inner insulation of cladding structures is an unsuitable solution to reduce heat loss of building by means of heat transfer. This statement is valid both in terms of building thermal techniques and also in terms of statics. Research focused on the hygrothermal regime of external walls insulated on the inside is very extensive. On the other hand, the systematic attention is not yet paid to detailed analysis of the consequences of such solution on the static behavior of the cladding structures. The paper focuses on analysis and evaluation of stress increase in external walls and adjacent structures caused by non-forced effects of temperature changes in the environment after the application of internal insulation.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING: "DRY" ABSORPTION THERMOTRANSFORMERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Maiia Baimuratovna Kulbarakova ◽  
Nikita Sergeevich Piskunov ◽  
Yulia Victorovna Shipulina ◽  
Mikhail Fedorovich Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Selective Coating ◽  
New Type ◽  
To Receive

The article deals with solar energy thermotransformers for heat and cold production in the most favorable climatic zones of Russia. The authors give examples of solar energy cyclic thermotransformers operating in working pairs, which are widely used due to very good sorption qualities (alkaline earth salts CaCl2 and SrCl2 (sorbates) and ammonia (refrigerant)). There have been described three main trends in increasing thermotransformers efficiency: using pure sorbents with powder graphite admixture (with growing portion of admixtures heat conductivity ratio increases in SrCl2 to 1.3 times, in CaCl2 ≈ to 4 times); painting insolated surfaces of the thermotransformers with selective coating (working efficiency of such surfaces is 1.8-2 times higher compared to surfaces covered with matt black painting, operational and aesthetic properties of the surface); improving structures of both reactors in absorber-generators, and installations. In the climatic conditions of the Astrakhan Region there have been carried out check studies of a new type of autonomous thermotransformer in a working pair CaCl2 - NH3. There are shown graphs of temperature changes in the plant apparatuses in daily working time: maximum daily temperature of absorber-generator is 120°C, at night - 70°C; recorded minimum temperature was -15°C. The authors state that heat is possible to receive 24 hours a day. Application of such thermotransformers is patented for thermal water treatment plants used for hydrobionts cultivation. The article presents the diagram of operation of a thermotransformer powered from renewable energy sources (solar and wind energy)

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