scholarly journals Biodegradation potential of immobilized bacteria in the treatment of Tannery Industrial effluents from industrial estates in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
B. Abdullateef ◽  
T. G. Shuaibu ◽  
K., Babagana ◽  
H. B. Suleman ◽  
B. Dauda
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Immobilized Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Pre Treatment

Industrial Effluents Samples from Gashash Tanneries (TAN1) in Bompai Industrial estate, Larabee Tannery Industry (TAN2) in Sharada Industrial estate and Z Tannery Industries (TAN3) in Challawa Industrial estate, Kano State, Nigeria were collected over a period of six months (August 2017 to January 2018) for assessing the biodegradation potentials of bacteria in the treatment of organic pollutants within the effluents. Bacteria were isolated from the effluents and immobilized on agar-agar. Different masses (5 g, 10 g, 15g, 20 g, and 25 g) of the bacteria were used in the treatment of 250 ml of the effluents for ten days in a shaker incubator (Gallenkamp-OC-4364-L) at the temperature 30 °C and speed of 60 rpm. Pre-treatment analysis of the effluents for Temperature, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solid (SS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) gives the following results; temperature (ºC) ranged (26.38±3.81-30.33±3.79); pH (5.35±1.57-9.00±0.78); BOD (13.85±6.42-38.75±16.20); COD (1406±208-3532±1373); SS (208±235-780±739) and TDS (266±253-5276±2971). No statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for all the results among the different industries. The bacterial isolates were identified as Neisseria spp, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, in TAN1, TAN2, and TAN3, respectively. After treatment of the effluent with the different masses of the isolated bacteria, the mean level of BOD was found to range as (0.55±0.36-6.92±5.49); COD (ND-3134±1595); SS (18±022-898±672) and TDS (4±002-83±078). The results of Post-treatment analysis showed that there is overall decrease in the levels of the parameters determined when compared with that of the pre-treatment. The overall percentage reduction of the immobilised bacteria in the treatment of the respective effluents was in the order TAN2 (72%)>TAN1 (70%)>TAN3 (62%). Hence, the immobilized bacteria are having higher biodegradation potential for the treatment of the tannery effluents.

scholarly journals Estimation of Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Tannery Effluents to Surrounding Environment (A Yemeni Case Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Adel A. M. Saeed ◽  
◽  
Nasser M. N. Masood ◽  
Ali N. A. Al-Kumi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Government

Water pollution caused by leather industrial effluent discharges has become a troublesome phenomenon due to its negative impact on environmental health and safety. In this paper, the wastewater in the vicinity of Lawdar tannery areas was assessed in two years from October 2019 to June 2021 to determine physico-chemical parameters of industrial effluents of Lawdar tannery at four different area points. Tannery effluents were collected and all samples were analyzed in the laboratory and rated as no freshwater with parameters such as acidity and basicity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, color, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and several positive and negative ions. The investigation showed that all physico-chemical parameters were higher than the standard disposal limits of discharged water quality. The findings of this research will assist the government and tanneries in the treatment of wastewater before discharging to the environment and monitoring the dump sites with regards to disposal arrangement of the tannery effluents and environmental assessment.

scholarly journals Assessment of eutrophication and nitrogen and phosphorus carrying capacity before and after removing pen culture (2013–2018) in Lake Changhu, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Tingbing Zhu ◽  
Yongfeng He ◽  
Xingbing Wu ◽  
Yongjiu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
Trophic Level Index

Abstract In this study, the eutrophication levels and nitrogen and phosphorus carrying capacities of Lake Changhu in Jingzhou city, Hubei province, China, were measured using the trophic level index (TLI) and Dillon model. The measurements were taken before (2013 and 2015) and after (2017 and 2018) the removal of pen aquaculture from the lake. The lake was divided into three districts: Lake Haizihu, Mahongtai Channel and Lake Dahu. The results showed total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and total suspended solid (TSS) values were significantly higher in 2017 than in the other years. The Lake Haizihu district was predicted to be more seriously polluted than the other districts. In the sediment, the organic matter, STN (TN in sediment) and STP (TP in sediment) contents increased from 2013 to 2018. The mean TLI values ranged from 62.99 to 78.93 in the studied years, and the eutrophication level was highest in 2017. According to the Dillon model, when the target water quality was level III (GB 3838 − 2002, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, 2002), the remaining TN and TP loading capacities were − 1470.72 t/a and − 182.74 t/a, respectively, in 2015, and 320.03 t/a and − 111.14 t/a, respectively, in 2018. The study provide valuable information about the actual water conditions of Lake Changhu, which will help to inform decision-making for the management of water environments.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS PEEL AS A NATURAL COAGULANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyatharishini Mardarveran ◽  
Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Pre Treatment

The chemical coagulants used in the process of wastewater treatment causes negative implications on environment and human health. Exploration on natural coagulants as environmental friendly solution has been widely carried out. In present research, Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel is used as coagulant in treating domestic wastewater. This study aimed to assess optimum pH of wastewater and coagulant dosage by varying them to achieve the maximum removal rate of total suspended solid (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The studied range for pH of wastewater was pH 1-3 and dosage of coagulant within 50–70 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) implied in optimization of this coagulation process. Treatment using this natural coagulant enabled maximum reduction of turbidity, TSS, BOD and COD up to 80.7 %, 77.5 %, 34.3 % and 34.6 % respectively under optimum condition of pH 2.1 and dosage of 58 mg/L. These findings revealed higher reduction in turbidity and TSS. Thus, this study indicates the promising potential of the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract as an alternative bio-based coagulating agent for effective pre-treatment of wastewater. 

scholarly journals Kinetics and Isotherm Modeling for the Treatment of Rubber Processing Effluent Using Iron (II) Sulphate Waste as a Coagulant

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Ngteni ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Mohd Omar Ab Kadir ◽  
Ahmad Jaril Asis ◽  
Zulhafiz Tajudin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Multilayer Formation

There is increasing concern to determine an alternative coagulant for treating industrial effluent with minimal environmental impact and operational cost. In this study, iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste, an industrial byproduct from a titanium oxide processing industry, was used as a coagulant for the removal of ammonia (NH3), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solid (SS) from secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE). The highest percentage removal of BOD, COD, SS, and NH3 achieved was approximately 97%, 99%, 98%, and 95%, respectively, at pH 5.0, coagulant dose of 1 g/L, coagulation time of 60 min, sedimentation time of 60 min, and at an elevated temperature of 70 °C. The best described adsorption isotherm model was found to be the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model, indicated that the FeSO4·7H2O adsorption took placed on the surface of iron hydroxide precipitates with multilayer formation and random distribution. The kinetics analysis showed that the adsorption mechanism was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The findings of the present study show that the FeSO4·7H2O waste has the potential to be used as a coagulant for the treatment of industrial effluents, including the secondary rubber processing effluent.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND HEAVY METALS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ODOGUNYAN INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, LAGOS, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
S. O. Owalude ◽  
E. O. Odebunmi ◽  
K. O. Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the industrial effluents from Odogunyan industrial estate on the environment was assessed by determination of some physicochemical characteristics of the effluent samples and comparison with discharged standards to ascertain the efficiency of industries’ wastewater treatment process. The physicochemical parameters were evaluated by conventional methods while heavy metals in the effluent samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results for all the effluents revealed that temperature was in the range of 32- 35 ; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 43-86.7 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 492-888 mg/L; Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1667-13333 mg/L; Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 350-1000 mg/L; Total Solids (TS) 3350-14333 mg/L; Electrical Conductivity 166.5-12390 μS/cm; Total Acidity (TA) 12-60 mg/L and total hardness 24-56 mg/L. The AAS analysis results showed the average metal levels in mg/L as 0.7-1.15, 0.05-0.44, 2.0-45.0, 0.01 and 0.03-0.17 for Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd and Cr respectively. Thus, there is a need for proper remedial measures of the effluents before their discharge into the water bodies

State of the Art Review on Landfill and Leachates Treatment in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2078-2084
Author(s):  
Chen Yan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The main objectives of this study were to describe the municipal solid waste management, leachate characteristics of China landfills, and to summarize the present research of leachate treatments in china such as biological treatment, physical and chemical treatment and land treatment. In the survey of leachate from landfill in Chinese megapolis, the quality is characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1500-80000 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 200-35000 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of 50-2400 mg/L, total nitrogen of 80-2600 mg/L, suspended solid of 30-7000 mg/L and pH value of 5-7.8. In engineering practices of China, the biological systems are usually adopted. Meanwhile, as far as the special quality of leachate is concerned, some chemical treatments are used as the pre-treatment or post-treatment to promote the effluent or improve the biological degradability of leachate.

Experimental Studies Concerning the Semipermeable Membrane Separation Efficiency for 134Cs, 137Cs, 57Co, 58Co, 60Co, 54Mn in Liquid Radioactive Waste I. Treatment of secondary waste from POD decontamination procedure

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Dulama ◽  
Nicoleta Deneanu ◽  
Cristian Dulama ◽  
Margarit Pavelescu
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

The paper presents the experimental tests concerning the treatment by membrane techniques of radioactive aqueous waste. Solutions, which have been treated by using the bench-scale installation, were radioactive simulated secondary wastes from the decontamination process with modified POD. Generally, an increasing of the retention is observed for most of the contaminants in the reverse osmosis experiments with pre-treatment steps. The main reason for taking a chemical treatment approach was to selectively remove soluble contaminants from the waste. In the optimization part of the precipitation step, several precipitation processes were compared. Based on this comparison, mixed [Fe(CN)6]4-/Al3+/Fe2+ was selected as a precipitation process applicable for precipitation of radionuclides and flocculation of suspended solid. Increased efficiencies for cesium radionuclides removal were obtained in natural zeolite adsorption pre-treatment stages and this was due to the fact that volcanic tuff used has a special affinity for this element. Usually, the addition of powdered active charcoal serves as an advanced purifying method used to remove organic compounds and residual radionuclides; thus by analyzing the experimental data (for POD wastes) one can observe a decreasing of about 50% for cobalt isotopes subsequently to the active charcoal adsorption.. The semipermeable membranes were used, which were prepared by the researchers from the Research Center for Macromolecular Materials and Membranes, Bucharest. The process efficiency was monitored by gamma spectrometry.

Alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench for biogas production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Michalska ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThis work studies the influence of the alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench — a representative of energy crops used in biogas production. Solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used to achieve the highest degradation of lignocellulosic structures. The results obtained after chemical pre-treatment indicate that the use of NaOH leads to the removal of almost all lignin (over 99 % in the case of 5 mass % NaOH) from the biomass, which is a prerequisite for efficient anaerobic digestion. Several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total phenolic content, volatile fatty acids, and general nitrogen were determined in the hydrolysates thus obtained in order to define the most favourable conditions. The best results were obtained for the Sorghum treated with 5 mass % NaOH at 121°C for 30 min The hydrolysate thus achieved consisted of high total phenolic compounds concentration (ca. 4.7 g L−1) and chemical oxygen demand value (ca. 45 g L−1). Although single alkali hydrolysis causes total degradation of glucose, a combined chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment of Sorghum leads to the release of large amounts of this monosaccharide into the supernatant. This indicates that alkali pre-treatment does not lead to complete cellulose destruction. The high degradation of lignin structure in the first step of the pre-treatment rendered the remainder of the biomass available for enzymatic action. A comparison of the efficiency of biogas production from untreated Sorghum and Sorghum treated with the use of NaOH and enzymes shows that chemical hydrolysis improves the anaerobic digestion effectiveness and the combined pre-treatment could have great potential for methane generation.

Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in ewes: comparison between cervical and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination and their associated handling procedures

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
D. G. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

AbstractThis study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, stress responses of sheep which were restrained either in a laparoscopy cradle or a roll-over cradle were compared. The results of this experiment indicated that restraint in roll-over cradle is less (P < 0·05) stressful than that in a laparoscopy cradle when assessed in terms of the elevation and duration of both the mean heart rate and plasma cortisol responses. Experiment 2 compared the stress responses of sheep subjected to restraint in a laparoscopy cradle, restraint in a laparoscopy cradle with intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) by laparoscopy, minimal restraint with cervical AI or restraint in a roll-over cradle plus foot-trimming. All treatments resulted in significant elevations in both heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations (F < 0·001). The peak heart rate was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in ewes subjected to cervical AI than in those subjected to intrauterine insemination, with other treatments intermediate. The peak cortisol response did not differ among different treatments. The duration over which both the mean heart rate and -plasma cortisol concentrations remained significantly elevated above pre-treatment concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that while restraint using a laparoscopy cradle is more stressful than that using a rollover cradle, the stress inflicted by intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy itself is no greater than that due to restraint using the laparoscopy cradle alone, cervical AI or the management practice offoot-trimming using a rollover cradle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document