Effect of aqueous extract of Irvengia gabonensis on acetaminophen induced Nephrototoxicity in rats

The use of medicinal plant to prevent and/or cure liver problems is a practice not peculiar to developing countries. This research work evaluated the nephrocurative ability of aqueous seed extract of Irvengia gabonensis on Acetaminophen Induced Nephrotoxicity. A total of thirty albino rats were grouped into six groups (GI – GVI) of five rats each. GI served as normal control, GII served as positive control, GIII, GIV and GV were administered with the extract at a dose of 50mg/Kg, 100mg/Kg and 150mg/Kg respectively while GVI rats were administered with standard drug (Vit E) at a dose of 10mg/Kg. Kidney damage was induced in groups (II-VI) using 800mg/Kg of acetaminophen administered orally, rats from group I and II were euthanized24 hours after acetaminophen administration to confirm inducement of kidney damage. Groups III, IV, V and VI were administered with the respective doses for two weeks. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in mean serum level of Urea, Potassium (K+), Chloride (Clˉ) and Creatinine with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of serum Sodium (Na+) and Bicarbonate (HCO3ˉ) was observed when compared with positive control. The nephrocurative effect of the plant could be due to its reported secondary metabolites contents.

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EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL EFFECT OF CURCUMIN

10.36106/ijsr/4808814 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Anil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Positive Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Group Iii ◽

Hepatic Diseases ◽

Group I ◽

Diarrheal Episode

Turmeric has been used in traditional medicine as household remedy for various diseases including biliary diseases, cough, hepatic diseases, wound healing and diarrhea etc. Curcumin is the active salt present in turmeric. This study was carried out to provide scientic basis for the use of curcumin in diarrhea and to compare it with standard medicine i.e. Loperamide. The albino rats were divided into ve groups of six animals in each group. Group I (control) received vehicular uid. Group II (positive control) received standard drug for diarrhea i.e. loperamide at the dose of 2mg/kg body weight. Group III, IVand Vwere administered curcumin intragastrically by the naso-gastric tube, in the dose of 500mg/kg, 750mg/kg and 1 gm/kg body weight respectively, suspended in normal saline. After one hour of above treatment, 1 ml of castor oil was given intragastrically to all the overnight-fasted animals to induce diarrhea. Each animal was housed separately and observed for time of onset and number of diarrheal episode for 4 hours. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 11. Remarkable anti-diarrheal effect of curcumin against castor oil induced diarrhea was observed in dose dependent manner. From the present study, we can draw a conclusion that, Curcumin have signicant anti-diarrheal effect. It may be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome.

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EFFICACY OF TRIDHAM AND 1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-β-D-GLUCOSE IN REVERSING LIPID PEROXIDATION LEVELS AND MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZENEANTHRACENE (DMBA) INDUCED BREAST CANCER IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i9.13635 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 288 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stalin Ramakrishnan ◽

Karthick Dharmalingam ◽

Sachidanandham T Panchanatham ◽

Shanthi Palanivelu

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Mammary Carcinoma ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Gastric Intubation ◽

Group I

Objective: To determine the effect of Tridham (TD) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose(PGG) on lipid peroxidation levels and mitochondrial antioxidants status in experimental mammary carcinoma.Methods: Elaecoarpus ganitrus (fruits), Terminalia chebula (seed coats), Prosopis cineraria (leaves), adult female albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 170–190 g and 7,12-dimethylbenzeneanthracene (DMBA) were used for this study. Group I control rats, Group II rats mammary carcinoma induced with DMBA (25 mg in 1 ml olive oil) by gastric intubation. Group III, IV and V DMBA induced rats were treated with TD (400 mg/kg. b. wt/day), PGG (30 mg/kg. b. wt/day) and standard drug, Cyclophosphamide (30 mg/kg. b. wt/day), respectively for 48 d by gastric intubation. Group VI and VII rats served as TD and PGG treated controls, respectively for 48 d by gastric intubation. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Mammary glands were isolated and used for biochemical assays and histopathological evaluation.Results: In rats with cancer, the lipid peroxide levels (LPO) were significantly increased and mitochondrial antioxidant levels were decreased. Treatment with TD and PGG decreased LPO levels and increased mitochondrial antioxidant status in mammary carcinoma bearing rats. Histopathological analysis also confirmed the therapeutic effect of TD and PGG. No significant adverse effect was observed in sole drug treated group of rats.Conclusion: TD and PGG have definite therapeutic effect in experimental mammary carcinoma and inhibit growth of cancer cells by restoring mitochondrial antioxidant status and energy metabolism to normal states.

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Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

AAS Open Research ◽

10.12688/aasopenres.12967.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽

Eka B. Essien ◽

Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Biochemical Assays ◽

Before And After ◽

Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

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ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF COMMIPHORA MUKUL AGAINST ATHEROGENIC DIET-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.24800 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Jaffar Shaik ◽

Zeenath Khan

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Atherogenic Diet ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽

Commiphora Mukul

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of antihyperlipidemic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Commiphora mukul (EECM) gum resin and compares its efficacy with that of atorvastatin against atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemia model using rat as an experimental animal.Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Control animals received normal diet, hyperlipidemic control; rats treated with EECM 100 and 200 mg/kg and positive control, receiving standard drug atorvastatin 2.70 mg/kg.Results: Increase the level of serum cholesterol, phospholipids, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides causing hyperlipidemia further leading to the development of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, oral administration of ethyl acetate extract of C. mukul at dose of 200 mg/kg for 15 days resulted in the prevention of above abnormalities.Conclusion: The results suggest that EECM could be beneficial in the treatment of atherosclerosis, characterized by atherogenic lipoprotein profile and abnormalities in lipid metabolism.

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Hepatoprotective effect of methanol seed extract of citrus tangerina on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v23i1.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

E.G. Moke ◽

K.K. Anachuna ◽

K.E. Edje ◽

M.O. Ojezele

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Histopathological Studies

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of methanol seed extract of Citrus tangerina on liver damage induced by paracetamol in laboratory rats. Wistar rats were used in this study and categorized into five groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 10 ml/kg normal saline orally, groups 3 and 4 were administered 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively of Citrus tangerina seed extract orally, while silymarin 100 mg/kg served as standard drug treatment for group 5. Following six (6) days of pretreatment with the extract, hepatotoxicity was induced with paracetamol 3 g/kg (orally) in all the groups except the positive control group. At the end of the experiment (24 hours after induction), blood samples were collected under diethyl ether anaesthesia for biochemical markers of liver enzymes and antioxidative stress and the liver was harvested for histopathological studies. Both doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of Citrus tangerina seed extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the liver enzymes level, but significantly (p < 0.05) increased antioxidant enzymes when compared with the negative control group. Liver histology showed that the Citrus tangerina seed extract prevented hepatic injury induced by paracetamol. The methanol seed extract of Citrus tangerina possesses antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects.

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Toxicological and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Formulated Ointment from Eskwater (Mikania cordata Asteraceae) Leaf Extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

UIC Research Journal ◽

10.17158/334 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Judee N. Nogodula ◽

Lady Ron M. Ducut ◽

Jelah Mae F. Edorot ◽

Aizovelle T. Egagamao

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Positive Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Significant Difference

Eskwater (Mikania cordata) is a medicinal plant in treating wounds by B’laan tribe. It is a useful treatment in the emerging cases of difficult-totreat infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To validate such claims, this study was conducted to assess the toxicological and antimicrobial properties of eskwater leaf extract through the acute dermal toxicity, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), potency test with the standard drug and mutagenicity assay. Toxicity level was attained using female albino rats with the dose of 1000 mg/kg (Sighting study) while 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for Main study. Kirby-Bauer Method was employed for antibacterial activity using Vancomycin and Terbinafine as positive controls. MIC was determined in two-fold serial dilution and Ames test was employed for mutagenic assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Hydrophilic base with low, medium and high doses were incorporated, respectively for ointment formulation. Results showed that eskwater extract was not toxic based from OECD 404 guideline and had partially active action against MRSA ATCC 43300 (13.66 ± 0.5778) and showed no inhibition in fungal growth. MIC was effective at 0.05 g/ml against MRSA only. It exhibited comparable potency with Vancomycin at the concentration of 0.32 mg and lastly, no noticeable mutagenic property was established. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were employed in the efficacy of ointment. A significant difference resulted among the formulated ointment and positive control indicating that the three doses of formulated ointment and positive control have different potential to induce inhibition on the growth of MRSA. Ointment evaluated on its physical characteristics appeared greenish brown, has pH 6, good spreadability and washes out easily.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activities and the Therapeutic Potential of Some Newly Synthesized Chalcones Against 4-Acetaminophenol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325821996955 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 155932582199695

Author(s):

Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar ◽

Aziz-Ur- Rehman ◽

Haroon Arshad ◽

Abdul Malik ◽

Muheer Fatima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Research Work ◽

Test Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group I ◽

Hepatoprotective Agents

The lack of safety and efficacy of existing hepatoprotective agents urge the need to explore novel hepatoprotective agents. The research work was planned to study the therapeutic potential of some newly synthesized chalcones against 4-acetaminophenol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats (N = 30) were divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each i.e. group I; Toxic control (4-acetaminophenol), group II; normal control (Normal saline), group III; Positive control (silymarin; 50 mg/kg bw) and groups IV-VI (test groups) treated with 3 chalcone analogues i-e 3a, 3f & 3 g (100, 150, 150 mg/kg bw, respectively). All the study group animals were administered with 4-acetaminophenol to induce hepatotoxicity except normal control. Following hepatotoxicity induction, test group animals were administered with selected doses of test compounds and toxic group animals left untreated. Liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and serum bilirubin were determined photometrically. Antioxidant activities of test compounds were also determined. Histopathological examination of liver biopsies was also carried out through H & E staining. The test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) significantly decreased the levels of liver enzymes and serum bilirubin toward normal and the pattern of results in the test group animals were comparable to silymarin administered animals indicating the hepatoprotective potential of test compounds. Moreover, the test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) antagonized the effect of 4-acetaminophenol and thus, raised the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) in experimental animals. The test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) on histological examination of liver showed improvement of tissue morphology. The study concluded that the tested compounds have antioxidant potential and may act as hepatoprotective agent. However, in-depth studies are required to validate their safety and to elucidate the exact mechanism of action.

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Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on pesticide dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

AAS Open Research ◽

10.12688/aasopenres.12967.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽

Eka B. Essien ◽

Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Biochemical Assays ◽

Before And After ◽

Liver And Kidney

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Gastro-protective effects of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6-s) ◽

pp. 141-145

Author(s):

C Ramesh ◽

A. Prameela Rani

Keyword(s):

Protected Area ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Research Work ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Total Acidity ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Ulcer Index ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: The present research work was designed to investigate gastro protective potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla. Methods: The aerial parts of Tephrosia calophylla were dried under shade, powdered and deffated with petroleum ether and then marc left over was subjected to methanol extraction using soxhlet apparatus. Antiulcer activity of methanol extract was determined against stress induced and aspirin induced ulcers in experimental animal models. The total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, percentage inhibition, ulcerated area, protected area, pH and Total acidity were parameters in the study. Results: Methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla have significantly reduced the total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, ulcerated area and total acidity in therapeutic groups compare to vehicle control and there by significantly increased percentage inhibition of ulcers and protected area which was evident by significant rise in pH of gastric content. The effect of extracts was dose dependent and results were comparable to that of standard drug omeprazole. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present work suggest that the methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla possess significant anti-ulcer potentials against experimentally induced ulcers in albino rats. Keywords: Tephrosia calophylla, Anti ulcer activity, Ethanol, Aspirin Ulcer index, pH, total acidity, Percentage inhibition and percentage of protected area.

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Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.13.2.583.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Israel Oghenevwodoko Okoro ◽

◽

Helen Ejiro Kadiri ◽

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

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