scholarly journals Knowledge about goitre among female school-going children in Wellega Province, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekarias F. Abessa ◽  
Yohana J. Mashalla

Background: About 30% of the world population is affected by Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Ethiopia is among the top ten countries in the world with severe iodine deficiency. The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge about goitre and preventive measures among female school children aimed at reducing the occurrence of goitre.Methods: Quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to explore the knowledge about goitre among school-going children in three schools in Wellega Province, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse, organise and interpret the findings.Results: A total of 364 girls aged between 15–19 years participated in the study. Overall, 71.4% did not have the knowledge about goitre, one third (28.6%) knew that goitre is caused by iodine deficiency and less than half (48.4%) knew that iodinated salt prevents occurrence of goitre. Sixty one per cent did not know which local foods aggravate goitre, 35.7% indicated that goitre affects both males and females and a small proportion identified pregnant women, children and adolescents as vulnerable groups for goitre. Only 38% received information about goitre from the schools.Conclusion: The level of knowledge about goitre among school girls in Wellega Province is low. It is recommended that concerted efforts targeting adolescents to acquire knowledge about the causes and prevention of goitre should be made and further studies should be done to explore perceptions and cultural factors that may contribute to the knowledge gap.

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ivett Adriana Herrera-Zuleta ◽  
Jonathan Fernando Reyes-Salazar ◽  
Katherine Patricia Rojas-Velasco ◽  
Magda Lizeth Tipán ◽  
Carlos Andrés Torres-López ◽  
...  

Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento y las prácticas relacionadas con la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en los estudiantes de una Universidad del Suroccidente Colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, prospectiva de corte transversal; se realizó con estudiantes matriculados en I y II semestre en el primer periodo académico 2016; el cálculo de la muestra se obtuvo utilizando la fórmula de varianza desconocida y población total conocida (3.489), obteniendo un tamaño de muestra de 415 estudiantes. Se utilizó un instrumento tipo encuesta estructurada elaborada a partir del formato de consejería del programa de salud sexual y reproductiva universitario.  Los datos se procesaron a través de Excel y el   paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22, para determinar la significación de la asociación se utilizó la prueba Chi cuadrado con una confiabilidad de 95%. Resultados: En la población estudiada se encontró un predominio masculino del 50,7%, la edad promedio fue de 19 años, encontrando que el 81% están en una etapa de adolescencia tardía, el 62% tiene un nivel de conocimientos deficientes sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, el 78% inicio vida sexual con edad promedio de 16 años, un gran porcentaje de estos estudiantes tienen entre 1 y 3 compañeros(as) sexuales al año. El 70% utilizó condón en su primera relación sexual y el 12,3% de la población utilizó la píldora de emergencia. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento acerca de salud sexual y reproductiva es deficiente. La mayoría de los estudiantes encuestados utilizan al menos un método de planificación familiar en sus relaciones sexuales.Palabras clave: Sexualidad, Salud reproductiva, estudiantes, conocimientos y prácticas en salud.Sexual and reproductive health in university students: beyond knowledge andpractices AbstractObjective: To describe the knowledge and practices related to Sexual and Reproductive Health in the students of a University of the Suroccidente Colombiano. Materials and methods: Quantitative descriptive prospective cross-sectional study; was carried out in students enrolled in I and II semester in the first academic period 2016; the calculation of the sample was obtained using the formula of unknown variance and known total population (3,489), obtaining a sample size of 415 students. A structured survey-type instrument was developed based on the counseling format of the university's sexual and reproductive health program. Data were processed through Excel and the SPSS version 22 statistical package, to determine the significance of the association was used Chi square test with a reliability of 95%. Results: A male prevalence of 50.7% was found in the study population, the mean age was 19 years, and 81% were in the late teens, 62% had a poor level of knowledge about sexual health and reproductive, 78% start sexual life with average age of 16 years, a large percentage of these students have between 1 and 3 sexual partners a year. Seventy percent used a condom at their first sexual intercourse and 12.3% of the population used the emergency pill. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health is deficient. Most students surveyed use at least one method of family planning in their sexual relationships.Saúde sexual reprodutiva em estudantes universitários: conhecimentos e práticasSumario Objetivos: Descrever os conhecimentos e práticas relacionados com a saúde sexual e reprodutiva em estudantes de uma Universidado sudoeste Colombiano. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa quantitativa transversal descritiva prospectiva; foi realizado em estudantes matriculados em I e II, semestre 2016; cálculo da amostra foi obtida utilizando a fórmula de variância desconhecida e a população total conhecido (3489), obtendo-se um tamanho de amostra de 415 estudantes. Foi utilizado um tipo de instrumento de pesquisa estruturada. Os dados foram processados pelo pacote estatístico Excel versão 2010 e SPSS versão 22, para determinar o significado do teste foram utilizados do qui-quadrado de associação com uma confiabilidade de 95%. Resultados: Na população estudada predominância do sexo masculino de 50,7%, a idade média dos alunos era de 19 anos, descobrindo que 81% estão em uma fase de adolescência tardia, 62% têm um nível de conhecimentos regulares saúde sexual e reprodutiva, 78% inicio vida sexual com uma idade média de 16 anos, uma grande porcentagem desses estudantes estão entre 1 e 3 parceiro (s) ano sexual. 70% usam preservativo em sua primeira relação sexual e 12,3% da população usava a pílula de emergência. Conclusões: O nível de conhecimento sobre a saúde sexual e reprodutiva é regular. A maioria dos estudantes pesquisados usar pelo menos um método de planejamento familiar em suas relações sexuais.Palavras-chave: Gestão de terapia de medicação, diagnóstico, enfermeiros, pediatria


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Nur Anis Izzati Che Mut ◽  
Noor Hidayah Abu Bakar ◽  
Izdihar Kamal ◽  
Siti Aisyah Abdullah Suhaimi ◽  
Nurul Mawaddah Mohammad ◽  
...  

Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is able to develop responsibility for breast health among women to always aware of any changes in the breast. Thus, secondary school girls age is the perfect age to start practice the BSE. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and awareness on BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 secondary school girls using self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and knowledge and awareness of BSE. Results: The mean age of the participants is 14.9 ± 0.06 years. The majority of the participants were Malays (86.5%). A total of 6.1% of the participants had a family history of breast cancer. Nine percent of participants had a good knowledge and 91.0% had poor knowledge regarding BSE. There is a significant difference between the age of participants with the level of knowledge and awareness (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The knowledge and awareness of BSE were poor among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Komsiyah Komsiyah ◽  
Dwi Indarti ◽  
Millenia Ekatania

Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) is the process of breastfeeding the baby immediately after the baby is born, where the baby is left looking for the mother's own nipples. IMD is very important not only for the baby, but also for the mother. impact on the higher infant mortality rate (IMR). The purpose of this study analyze the relationship between mother's level of knowledge and the implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD). This type of research is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional study approach. A sample of 32 respondents using total sampling techniques in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted at the Semarang Clinic on May 20 - June 20, 2020. The relationship between mother's level of knowledge and the implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) with a value of p (0,000) <0.05. Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) provides many benefits for the health of mothers and newborns. Benefits for mothers Early breastfeeding initiation (IMD) has been shown to increase the level of the hormone oxytocin and accelerate uterine involution 2 hours post partum and shorten the time of placental release so as to prevent post partum hemorrhage which is one of the biggest causes of maternal death throughout the world including Indonesia. Benefits for babies, touching with the mother provides warmth, calmness so that breathing and baby's heartbeat becomes regular. If IMD is not done immediately, it will have an impact on the higher IMR in Indonesia. Therefore it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of the mother with the implementation of the Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD).Key words: Mother's KnowledgeEarly Breastfeeding Initiation


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAZLI Nur ASLAN ÇİN ◽  
Ayşe Özfer ÖZÇELİK

Abstract Background: Iodine is an crucial micronutrient for fetal brain development, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. The level of knowledge about iodine among pregnant women has not been previously evaluated in Trabzon city where is an endemic area of iodine deficiency in the Blacksea region of Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge about iodine nutrition during pregnancy among pregnant women living in an endemic goiter area of Turkey. Methods: One hundred fifty pregnant women between ages 19-45 years who applied to Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Trabzon were recruited. This cross-sectional study was conducted with one hundred and fifty pregnant women between the ages of 19-45 who applied to Trabzon Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Research data were collected using questionnaire forms and face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire form consisted of questions determining the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their previous pregnancy data, iodized salt consumption habits, and knowledge about iodine. Results: Although 68% of women know that iodine deficiency can cause serious consequences during pregnancy, about 30% did not know the problems caused by iodine deficiency. Three main dietary source of iodine in Turkey, fish, milk and dairy products and table salt are 68.0%, 20.0% and 77.3% of them correctly identified as good sources, respectively. The mean iodine knowledge score of the participants was 8.5±4.5. Higher educated pregnant women had significantly higher knowledge scores (p<.05). However, age, trimester, parity and those who had received information about iodine and iodine knowledge score between no significant differences (p>.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that lack of knowledge about iodine in pregnant women living in an endemic goiter area of Turkey. Furthermore, pregnants also had limited knowledge about the most important dietary iodine sources that can meet their daily iodine requirements. The necessity of public education initiatives to improve iodine knowledge in the pregnant population is evident for healthier future generations.


2019 ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Ganu D

Mental health is an essential element of health and equally important for the healthy functioning of families, communities and society. In 2005, the World Health Organization declared mental health as a universal human right. In spite of this right, mental health related problems affect 10% of the world population at any given time. About 75% of this worldwide disease burden is in the poor countries. On the average, about 21.6 million people live in Ghana and about 650,000 of these are suffering from a severe mental disorder. This shows that poor mental health is increasingly becoming a menace in the Ghanaian society. Therefore, the objective of this research is to assess the attitude of Ghanaian health care workers towards mental illness and to determine resource availability. The study adopted cross sectional study design and utilized quantitative data collection. Inferential statistics, specifically, correlation was used to determine the possible relationships of factors and mental disorders. Results of the study showed that 62.2% will hide mentally unstable due to social stigma and discrimination. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between attitude and gender toward mental health, r = .205, n = 250 and P < 0.01. Also, 30% and 32% respectfully stated that mental health services are not easily accessible or affordable. These results formed basis of the need for action plans to promote mental health in Ghana in order to meet the sustainable development goals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba ◽  
Francilene Maria Azevedo ◽  
Aline Carare Candido ◽  
Mariana de Souza Macedo ◽  
Silvia Eloiza Priore ◽  
...  

Introduction. Two main strategies are currently recommended for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency in the world: implementation of universal salt iodisation programmes and permanent monitoring of iodine consumption by the population. Although iodine intake and coverage iodised salt have increased in the world population, iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) may still be a public health problem in a few countries or communities. Objective. To assess the impact of salt iodisation programmes on urinary iodine concentrations and goitre rates in the world population. Methodology. A systematic review based on the PRISMA method. We obtained articles from Scopus, Science Direct, MEDLINE databases, and other sources between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. “Iodisation” AND “urinary iodine concentrations” AND “goitre” in English, Portuguese, and Spanish without filters and clinical trial, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included in this review. Results. Of 479 abstracts, twenty-three were eligible. Coverage on iodised salt was in the range of 16 to 98%, and 11 studies had been sufficient, whilst eight studies had adequate iodine concentration in salt and three excess. 81.8% of studies that had an adequate median of UIC had a good impact in their respective salt iodisation programmes. Conclusion. After 18 years of salt iodisation programme implementation in the 13 countries, the majority achieved sustaining elimination of IDD whilst all had adequate median UIC; however, more detailed studies are still needed to confirm that all communities are equally protected of IDD.


Author(s):  
Shivani Sinha ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Beena Sachan ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Seema Kumari

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined adolescence as the age group of 10-19 years. According to World Health Organisation, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Adolescent girls are the worst sufferers of various forms of malnutrition because of their increased nutritional needs and low social power. If their nutritional needs are not met, they are likely to give birth to undernourished children, thus transmitting under nutrition to future generation. Objective was to study the various socio-demographic factors affecting the nutritional status in adolescent girls. Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out in Lucknow district. Adolescent girls of age groups 10-19 years were included in the study. Data was collected, compiled and tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS 17.0 version for calculation of percentages. Results: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Conclusions: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 31% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory (12.8%) and ear (11.5%) disease. Skin disease was present in 3.1% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls than in urban girls, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban school girls. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerlan Nussipov ◽  
Assel Markabayeva ◽  
Serena Gianfaldoni ◽  
Georgi Tchernev ◽  
Uwe Wollina ◽  
...  

The cutaneous dermatomycoses are among topical issues in all countries worldwide. They are registered in 20% of the world population. Dermatophyte infections incidence frequency varies depending on a season, region, effective anti-epidemic measures management, and effective treatment methods. In Kazakhstan in 2001, dermatophyte infections ranked second in the structure of dermatologic pathology in outpatients. According to the literature data, not so many research studies on dermatophyte infections have been carried out in our country within recent years. The importance of these issues suggests a need to conduct epidemiological, clinical, microbiological studies of dermatophytosis at the present stage. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 195 cases of dermatophytosis were collected and investigated in the regional hospital in Almaty for the period from the beginning of January 2014 to the end of December 2014. Dermatophytoses prevalence is observed in patients within the 1 - 39 age range.


Author(s):  
Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽  
Todjom Chysine Lucile ◽  
Kitio Falone Linda ◽  
Signi, Demanou Teubow Dolly-Misper

Malaria is a parasitic disease that causes morbidity and mortality in many areas of the world especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and particularly in Cameroon. It is characterised by febrile manifestation, liver inflammation and anaemia. Toxoplasmosis is another parasitic infection caused by an obligate intracellular parasite (Toxoplasma gondii) and is found in many countries of the world. It causes spontaneous abortion in pregnant women and hydrocephally in new- born babies. Malaria and Toxoplasmosis co-infections can cause serious pathological consequences on both mother and fœtus.  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, toxoplasmosis, and malaria and toxoplasmosis coinfection in pregnant women during ante natal consultations at Biyem - Assi hospital and to assess their knowledge of the pathological consequences of malaria, toxoplasmosis, and coinfection on the mother and baby. It was a cross-sectional study. Blood samples were collected by finger-prinking and structured questionnaires were administered to 226 pregnant women. The results showed that 39.38 %, 23 % and 8.4 % of women tested positive for malaria, toxoplasmosis and coinfection respectively. The most commonly cited consequence of theses infections was spontaneous abortion. The results obtained showed a significant association between the level of education and the level of knowledge of women about toxoplasmosis and coinfection of toxoplasmosis and malaria (p < 0.05). The level of knowledge of the pregnant woman is not satisfactory as regards toxoplasmosis and co-infection but quite good as regards malaria. The studies have revealed the need for continouos education on toxoplasmosis for pregnant women and girls of childbearing age, and more comprehensive preventive measures. The implementation of public health and education policies that take into account economic, social, environmental and cultural differences are of prime importance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex-sandra Barbosa da Costa Bezerra ◽  
Luan Nogueira Bezerra de Medeiros ◽  
Amanda Dacal Neves ◽  
Maria Manuella De Barros Barbosa ◽  
Rubiane Gouveia de Souza e Silva ◽  
...  

Objetivo: identificar a prática e o nível de conhecimento de técnicos de enfermagem sobre cateterismo venoso periférico na pediatria. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, com 154 técnicos de enfermagem. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de questionário, analisando-os pelo SPSS. Resultados: identificou-se que os profissionais têm um nível de conhecimento adequado sobre a necessidade de higienização das mãos antes da manipulação de dispositivos, assim como afirmaram a importância de usar luvas durante a punção venosa periférica, no entanto, em relação à prática, houve déficit no conhecimento e prática em relação a produtos vesicantes e tipo de cobertura utilizada no serviço. Conclusão: conclui-se que a maior parte dos participantes possui conhecimento e prática adequados quanto à maioria dos cuidados com cateterismo venoso na Pediatria, entretanto, os pontos deficientes encontrados podem elevar os riscos de infecção relacionada à assistência. Descritores: Enfermagem Pediátrica; Conhecimento; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Cateterismo Periférico; Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter; Infecção Hospitalar.ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the practice and level of knowledge of nursing technicians about peripheral venous catheterization in pediatrics. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with 154 nursing technicians. Data was collected through a questionnaire, analyzed by SPSS. Results: it was identified that the professionals have an adequate level of knowledge about the need for hand hygiene before handling devices, as well as affirming the importance of wearing gloves during peripheral venipuncture, however, in relation to the practice, there were deficit in knowledge and practice in relation to vesicant products and type of coverage used in the service. Conclusion: it is concluded that most participants have adequate knowledge and practice regarding the majority of care with venous catheterization in Pediatrics, however, the deficient points found can increase the risks of infection related to care. Descriptors: Pediatric Nursing; Knowledge; Nursing Care; Catheterization, Peripheral; Catheter-Related Infections; Cross Infection.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar la práctica y el nivel de conocimiento de los técnicos de enfermería sobre el cateterismo venoso periférico en pediatría. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, con 154 técnicos de enfermería. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario, analizado por SPSS. Resultados: se identificó que los profesionales tienen un nivel adecuado de conocimiento sobre la necesidad de higiene de las manos antes de manipular los dispositivos, así como afirman la importancia de usar guantes durante la punción venosa periférica, sin embargo, en relación con la práctica, hubo déficit de conocimiento y práctica en relación con los productos vesicantes y el tipo de cobertura utilizada en el servicio. Conclusión: se concluye que la mayoría de los participantes tienen el conocimiento y la práctica adecuados con respecto a la mayoría de la atención con cateterismo venoso en pediatría, sin embargo, los puntos deficientes encontrados pueden aumentar los riesgos de infección relacionada con la atención. Descriptores: Enfermagem Pediátrica; Conocimiento; Atención de Enfermería; Cateterismo Periférico; Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres; Infección Hospitalaria.


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