scholarly journals Development of Ficus religiosa extract-loaded emulsion system for topical application: Characterization and stability evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2003-2010
Author(s):  
Irfan Aslam ◽  
Naveed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Index Value

Purpose: To develop, optimize and characterize a topical (W/O) emulsion containing 4 % Ficus religiosa extract for cosmeceutical purposes. Methods: The ethanol extract of Ficus religiosa was obtained by Soxhlet method. Various formulations were developed using paraffin oil, emulsifier (Abil®-EM 90) and purified water at different proportions, and their physical stability was assessed under different stress conditions, to enable selection of the most stable formulation. The optimized formulation based on stability studies was chosen for evaluation of different physical properties, i.e., color, liquefaction, phase separation, centrifugation, pH, droplet size and rheology, under accelerated conditions for 12 weeks. Results: The optimized formulation (F4) contained ethanol extract (4.0 %), Abil®-EM 90 (3.5 %), paraffin oil (14.0 %) and purified water (78.5 %), and remained stable on centrifugation under all stress conditions. The pH of the formulation remained within the specified range for human skin pH i.e. 4.5 – 6.0, and droplet size of dispersed phase also persisted within the size range of macroemulsion (1 – 100 μm) throughout the study period. Rheological properties of the formulation showed shear thinning response, and flow index value less than 1 resulted in pseudoplastic flow of emulsion. Conclusion: These results suggest that the optimized emulsion system was stable and can serve as a good medium for topical delivery of various natural substances.

scholarly journals Stabilization and Release of Palm Tocotrienol Emulsion Fabricated Using pH-Sensitive Calcium Carbonate

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Phui Yee Tan ◽  
Beng Ti Tey ◽  
Eng Seng Chan ◽  
Oi Ming Lai ◽  
Hon Weng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Homogenization Time ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Ph Range

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been utilized as a pH-responsive component in various products. In this present work, palm tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) was successfully entrapped in a self-assembled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system by using CaCO3 as the stabilizer. The emulsion droplet size, viscosity and tocotrienols entrapment efficiency (EE) were strongly affected by varying the processing (homogenization speed and time) and formulation (CaCO3 and TRF concentrations) parameters. Our findings indicated that the combination of 5000 rpm homogenization speed, 15 min homogenization time, 0.75% CaCO3 concentration and 2% TRF concentration resulted in a high EE of tocotrienols (92.59–99.16%) and small droplet size (18.83 ± 1.36 µm). The resulting emulsion system readily released the entrapped tocotrienols across the pH range tested (pH 1–9); with relatively the highest release observed at pH 3. The current study presents a potential pH-sensitive emulsion system for the entrapment and delivery of palm tocotrienols.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF AN ANTI-WRINKLE HYDROGEL FACE MASK CONTAINING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF NONI FRUIT (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L) FOR USE AS A NUTRACOSMECEUTICAL PRODUCT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Surini ◽  
Annisa Auliyya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Water Holding

Objectives: Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L) containing ursolic acid and 3,3’ bisdemethylpinoresinol can be useful as an anti-wrinkle agent. Thehydrogel face mask is an alternative skin care product.Methods: In this study, 0.1% ethanol extract of noni fruit was formulated with a concentration of 4% sodium alginate and 0.5% xanthan gum to formthe hydrogel face mask. Physical stability of the hydrogel face mask was evaluated using organoleptic observation, consistency rates, swelling indexmeasurements, and mechanical strength.Results: The results showed that the hydrogel face mask has good water holding capacity, a tensile strength of 35.6524±0.8842 kgf/cm2, an elongationrate of 272.00±4.47%, and remains stable in color and odor for 12 weeks.Conclusions: This study revealed that the hydrogel face mask containing an ethanol extract of noni fruit is stable and has good physical characteristics;therefore, the hydrogel face mask is satisfactory for use as a nutracosmeceutical product.

scholarly journals Development of a BCS Class II Drug Microemulsion for Oral Delivery: Design, Optimization, and Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marwa Tlijani ◽  
Mohamed Ali Lassoued ◽  
Badr Bahloul ◽  
Souad Sfar
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Bcs Class Ii ◽  
Everted Gut Sac ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
New Perspective

Our work is aimed at exploring the composition and the properties of microemulsion (ME), as a drug delivery system, to enhance the permeability across the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier of fenofibrate, a BCS class II drug. It is a prodrug that is converted rapidly after oral administration into a major active metabolite which is the fenofibric acid. It undergoes a nearly complete presystemic metabolism. Its main drawback is the low bioavailability of the metabolite. A quick selection of excipients was made based on the capacity of solubilization and the value of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The classical method of ME development was coupled with the factorial design in order to minimize the droplet size using a low concentration of surfactant. The optimized ME showed a droplet size of 48.5 nm and physical stability. The passive permeability evaluated using Sartorius was 1.6 times higher than that of the free drug. The ex vivo technique, performed using the everted gut sac model, showed a 2.5-fold higher permeability. This suggests that the carrier-mediated uptake/efflux may present the dominant transport mechanism of fenofibrate. The use of the excipients that inhibit GI P-glycoprotein may be a new perspective. Thus, this paper shows that the composition and the characteristics of ME may be explored to increase the permeability of fenofibrate across the GI membrane.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF MICROEMULSION AND WATER/OIL/WATER MULTIPLE EMULSION CONTAINING BETA-ARBUTIN, LACTIC ACID, AND SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
SILVIA SURINI ◽  
NUR MPN NEGORO
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Multiple Emulsion ◽  
Multiple Emulsions ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Oil Water

Objective: In addition to lactic acid and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, which have whitening effects, beta-arbutin is a safe whitening agent for skin.Combining these three substances should reduce the concentration of each one in a formula and achieve an optimal whitening effect. In this study,microemulsions and water/oil/water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions were applied to produce a formula containing these whitening agents.Methods: All the active ingredients were formulated into microemulsions and W/O/W multiple emulsions with different concentrations of Tween 80and Span 80 as emulsifiers to obtain a stable formula. Twelve-week physical stability studies were performed for every formula at low (4±2°C), room(28±2°C), and high (40±2°C) temperatures.Results: The produced microemulsions were transparent with a mean droplet size of 15.50 nm. In addition, the W/O/W multiple emulsions containeddroplets within droplets, which were dispersed in a continuous phase with an inner droplet size of 0.15 μm and an outer droplet size of 0.37 μm. TheW/O/W multiple emulsions showed pseudoplastic thixotropic flow properties. Furthermore, the microemulsions were stable at low (4±2°C) androom (28±2°C) temperatures, while the W/O/W multiple emulsions were stable at room (28±2°C) and high (40±2°C) temperatures.Conclusion: It was concluded that the combination of beta-arbutin, lactic acid, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate was suitable for formulating intomicroemulsions as well as W/O/W multiple emulsions as whitening cosmetic products.

Study on Propylene Recovery in a Dispersed Absorption System-(Water-in-Oil) Emulsion System

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 6151-6155
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
System Water

The purpose of the paper is to investigate propylene recovery by a new absorption system, namely water-in-oil emulsion absorbent. Water in oil emulsion, in which kerosene used as oil phase with dispersed water droplet, is prepared to be as absorbent to absorb propylene. The effect of volume fraction dispersed phase, dispersed droplet size, and the stirring rate on propylene absorption rate are researched. Experimental results indicate that the absorption rate of propylene can increase 20% compared with traditional absorption method. The volume fraction dispersed phase should be appropriate, otherwise the enhancement absorption can not be attained. The appropriate number is 0.05 for this dispersion. The smaller droplet size of dispersed phase as well as the faster stirring rate can increase the propylene absorption rate. The mechanism of enhancement propylene absorption is attributed to the intensive turbulence in boundary layer between gas and liquid due to the movement of dispersed water droplets.

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU ULTRASONIKASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SUJI (Pleomele angustifolia) DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN METODE CYCLING TEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Malinda Prihantini ◽  
Elya Zulfa ◽  
Listyana Dewi Prastiwi ◽  
Ikha Dyah Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Ultrasonication Time

ABSTRACT The nanoparticle system encapsulates and protects flavonoids of suji leaves from photolysis and oxidation instability. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic nanoparticles forming polymer. Ultrasonication is a materials mixing technique under high vibration energy. The ultrasonication time affects the particle size. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ultrasonication time on physical characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles of suji (Pleomele angustifolia) leaf ethanol extract and its physical stability after cycling test. Ethanol extract of suji leaves (EEDS) was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Chitosan EEDS nanoparticles were made under ionic gelation method using an ultrasonication time of 3 minutes (FI), 6 minutes (FII), and 9 minutes (FIII). The physical characterization of nanoparticles includes particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Chitosan EEDS nanoparticles with the best physical characteristics (FIII) were tested for stability using cycling test method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Anova statistical method with a 95% confidence level. The size of EEDS chitosan nanoparticles (nm) was significantly different in all formulas, FI (374.47), FII (288.43), and FIII (233.37). The polydispersity index of FI (0.38) and FIII (0.65) were significantly different, while FII (0.41) was not significantly different. The zeta potential (mV) FI (51.70), FII (46.10), and FIII (48.60) were not significantly different in all formulas. The physical characteristics of Formula III after Cycling Test showed a particle size of 455.0 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.174, and a zeta potential of 20.1 mV. Keywords: ultrasonication, nanoparticles, chitosan, cycling test, suji leaf (Pleomele angustifolia)

scholarly journals PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST AND ETHANOL CREAM IRRITATION TEST OF Moringa oleifera L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Nining Sugihartini ◽  
◽  
Zainab Zainab ◽  
Aji Pamungkas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

The development of topical dosage forms of Moringa leaf extract cream has been carried out because of its properties that can moisturize the skin. A pharamceutical preparation must meet the requirements of stability and non toxic. The study aimed to determine the effect of variations un the concentration ethanol extract cream of Moringa leaf of physical stability and irritability. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The extract was then formulated in the form of O/W base scarring with concentrations of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3). Creams were evaluated for physical stability including mechanical tests (centrifugation) and physical stability at room temperature (25 ± 2oC) with parameters pH, viscosity on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, creams were also evaluated for their irritability in vivo with using test animals (rabbits). The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The results of the physical stability test showed that an increase in the concentration of Moringa leaf extract caused an increase in viscosity (P <0.5) and a decrease in pH (P <0.5) but did not affect physical stability (mechanical test) and its irritating effect. F2 (1%) has a pH of 7.61 while F4 (5%) is 7.01. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves can affect the physical stability of the cream and do not affect its irritation properties. Moringa leaf ethanol extract cream with a concentration of 5% (F4) has physical stability and does not irritate the skin better than other formulas.

scholarly journals Characteristics of W/O emulsions containing polymeric emulsifier PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate

2016 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Jelena Milinkovic ◽  
Lidija Petrovic ◽  
Jadranka Fraj ◽  
Sandra Bucko ◽  
Jaroslav Katona
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Sedimentation Stability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Grape Seed Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymeric Emulsifier ◽  
The One

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are dispersed systems which are often used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as products, or as carriers of active substances. It is well known that they are very unstable, so that selection of the emulsifier and properties of the oil and water phase are main factors affecting their stability. The aim of this paper was to examine the possibility of application of a lipophilic, polymeric emulsifier, PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate (CithrolTM DPHS), for stabilization of W/O emulsions. Behaviour of the emulsifier at W/O interfaces was determined by means of tensiometry. A series of emulsions were prepared with 20% (w/w) of water and different types of oil. Droplet size, droplet size distribution, viscosity, and sedimentation stability during 30 days of storage at room temperature of the emulsions prepared with paraffin oil, olive oil, grape seed oil, and medium-chain triglycerides, stabilized with 1% CithrolTM DPHS, were determined. All investigated emulsions were stable for 30 days, except the one prepared with paraffin oil. The results of this study confirmed that PEG 30-dipolyhydroxylstearate is a good emulsifier and stabilizer of W/O emulsions which contain different types of oil.

HAIR TONIC FORMULATION OF CLOVE LEAVES (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) ETHANOL EXTRACT AND THE EFFECTIVENESS ON RABBIT HAIR GROWTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
HAFIZHATUL ABADI ◽  
HANAFIS SASTRA WINATA ◽  
PARHAN ◽  
VIVI EULIS DIANA ◽  
ADEK CHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Concentration Variation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the physical stability and effectiveness of hair growth in hair tonic preparations containing ethanol extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) with a concentration variation of 5, 10, and 15%. Methods: Formulations were evaluated, including organoleptic observation, pH checking, and preparation stability tests using the Climatic Chamber. The effectiveness of clove leaf extract as a hair tonic was tested by looking at hair growth in test animals. Results: The results showed that the preparation was stable at high temperatures (40±2 °C) where the odor, color, clarity, and pH remained constant. Effectiveness test on rabbit hair growth showed significantly different results after measuring hair growth on the 21st day, where the results were 11.83+0.06 mm for positive control, 1.71+0.06 mm as blank, 1.69+0.06 mm for the group without treatment, and successively the results of the group given clove leaf extract 5, 10, and 15% were 4.00+0.06; 4.80+0.06; and 5.46+0.08 mm. Conclusion: Hair tonics containing clove ethanol extract can increase rabbit hair growth.

Phytochemical Screening and HPTLC study of Padina tetrastromatica (Hauck)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Subhash R Yende ◽  
Sumit K Arora ◽  
Vipinchandra B Pande ◽  
Keshav S Moharir ◽  
Abhay M Ittadwar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Padina Tetrastromatica ◽  
Rf Values

The marine ecology is diverse with innumerable types of natural substances, both of plant and animal origin. Padina tetrastromatica (PT) (Hauck) is a brown algae belonging to the order Dictyotales, found in coastal region. The objective of present investigation was to evaluate phytochemical profile of extracts of PT. The air dried plant material was defatted and extracted successively with solvents of increasing polarity. Incumbent study was performed with standard qualitative phytochemical tests and HPTLC fingerprint analysis using CAMAG HPTLC system. The results showed the presence of phytoconstituents like sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and carbohydrates. Furthermore, components present in extracts were resolved in best possible solvent system by HPTLC. The chloroform extract of PT displayed eight peaks, in which those with Rf values 0.28 and 0.72 were more predominant. Whereas ethanol extract of PT exhibited nine peaks, in which maximum Rf value was found to be 0.82. In conclusion, the data of this study provide useful guide and suitability for investigation of biological activity of the plant according to the phytochemical groups observed. However, further work is needed to standardize the above chemical constituents in comparison with biomarker and this result can also be measured along with the other data for setting up the standards to this plant.

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