Effect of Chemical Sanitizing Agents on ATP Bioluminescence Measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRACY A. GREEN ◽  
SCOTT M. RUSSELL ◽  
DANIEL L. FLETCHER
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
To Come ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Percent Decrease ◽  
Chicken Blood

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of sodium hypochlorite (SH), quaternary ammonium (QA), trisodium phosphate (TSP), lactic acid (LA), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and trichlosan (TR) on ATP bioluminescence measurements. Each sanitizer was tested at three different levels and compared to a control group containing no sanitizer. ATP from three sources was analyzed, Escherichia coli, chicken blood, and a pure ATP standard. The effect of each sanitizer was reported as a percent decrease in log10 relative light units (LRLU) for the treatment groups when compared to LRLU from the control groups. SH concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 ppm and quaternary ammonium at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 ppm had no effect on LRLU measurements, regardless of the ATP source. LA concentrations of 0.5% and higher reduced LRLU by 75%. LRLU measurements were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced by approximately 60% when levels of TSP exceeded 1%. HP had no effect on LRLU measurements from any of the ATP sources at 0.1%; however, at 1% HP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased LRLU measurements by approximately 60% for all ATP sources. TR at 0.25% had no significant effect on LRLU measurements from any of the ATP sources. TR at 0.5 and 1% reduced LRLU measurements by 30 and 50%, respectively. These results indicate that commercial sanitizers containing LA, TSP, HP, or TR may negatively affect LRLU measurements if the sanitizer is allowed to come into direct contact with the ATP bioluminescence reagents.

Time-Dependent Changes in Excitability After One-Trial Conditioning of Hermissenda

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3460-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Crow ◽  
Vilma Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type B ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Phototactic Behavior ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Levels

Crow, Terry and Vilma Siddiqi. Time-dependent changes in excitability after one-trial conditioning of Hermissenda. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3460–3464, 1997. The visual system of Hermissenda has been studied extensively as a site of cellular plasticity produced by classical conditioning. A one-trial conditioning procedure consisting of light paired with the application of serotonin (5-HT) to the exposed, but otherwise intact, nervous system produces suppression of phototactic behavior tested 24 h after conditioning. Short- and long-term enhancement (STE and LTE) of excitability in identified type B photoreceptors is a cellular correlate of one-trial conditioning. LTE can be expressed in the absence of STE suggesting that STE and LTE may be parallel processes. To examine the development of enhancement, we studied its time-dependent alterations after one-trial conditioning. Intracellular recordings from identified type B photoreceptors of independent groups collected at different times after conditioning revealed that enhanced excitability follows a biphasic pattern in its development. The analysis of spikes elicited by 2 and 30 s extrinsic current pulses at different levels of depolarization showed that enhancement reached a peak 3 h after conditioning. From its peak, excitability decreased toward baseline control levels 5–6 h after conditioning followed by an increase to a stable plateau at 16 to 24 h postconditioning. Excitability changes measured in cells from unpaired control groups showed maximal changes 1 h posttreatment that rapidly decremented within 2 h. The conditioned stimulus (CS) elicited significantly more spikes 24 h postconditioning for the conditioned group as compared with the unpaired control group. The analysis of the time-dependent development of enhancement may reveal the processes underlying different stages of memory for this associative experience.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Terapi AIUEO terhadap Kemampuan Bicara Pasien Stroke yang Mengalami Afasia Motorik

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Afnijar Wahyu ◽  
Liza Wati ◽  
Murad Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Motor Aphasia ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of AIUEO therapy on the speech ability of stroke patients who have motor aphasia in Raja Ahmad Thabib Hospital Tanjungpinang. The research design used was quasi experiment with the Nonequivalent Control Group Design approach to 9 respondents who were divided into 9 treatment groups and 9 control groups. The results showed that there were significant differences in the functional ability of communication between the control and treatment groups with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.007 at a = 0.05) using the Wilcoxon Test statistical test. Conclusion, the influence of AIUEO therapy on the speech ability of stroke patients with motor aphasia in the treatment and control groups at Ahmad Thabib Hospital Tanjungpinang.   Keywords: Speech Ability, Motor Aphasia Stroke, AIUEO Therapy

scholarly journals Auswirkungen restriktiver Ernährung auf die Wachstumsleistung von Ziegenlämmern

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Y. Toukourou ◽  
K.-J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Title of the paper: Impaet of feed restriction on the growth performance of goat kids The influence of differential feeding levels on growth performance in 72 goat kids "Bunte Deutsche Edelziege" during the pre-weaning period was examined. The 72 animals were assigned to a control group and two experimental groups that received respectively 20% and 40% less milk/less concentrate compared to the control (fed at 2.4 times energy demand for maintenance). The experimental gained animals significantly less relative to the control group. However, during the subsequent realimentation period when all animals were fed at a energy level of 2.4 times maintenance same treatment, the daily weight gain among the kids was in inverse proportion to the level ofmilk deprivation in the pre-weaning phase. The rapid growth among the experimental animals was such that the initial differences in body weight between the experimental and control groups were fully compensated. Growth performance of kids with respect to different levels of concentrated feed was less clear cut and d.ffered significantly only behveen the group that received the lowest feed level relative to all the other groups.

Randomised Clinical Trial of Five Ear Acupuncture Points for the Treatment of Overweight People

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujung Yeo ◽  
Kang Sik Kim ◽  
Sabina Lim
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Ear Acupuncture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Overweight People

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the five ear acupuncture points (Shen-men, Spleen, Stomach, Hunger, Endocrine), generally used in Korean clinics for treating obesity, and compare them with the Hunger acupuncture point. Methods A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted in 91 Koreans (16 male and 75 female, body mass index (BMI)≥23), who had not received any other weight control treatment within the past 6 months. Subjects were divided randomly into treatment I, treatment II or sham control groups and received unilateral auricular acupuncture with indwelling needles replaced weekly for 8 weeks. Treatment I group received acupuncture at the five ear acupuncture points, treatment II group at the Hunger acupuncture point only and the sham control group received acupuncture at the five ear acupuncture points used in treatment I, but the needles were removed immediately after insertion. BMI, waist circumference, weight, body fat mass (BFM), percentage body fat and blood pressure were measured at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Results For the 58 participants who provided data at 8 weeks, significant differences in BMI, weight and BFM were found between the treatment and control groups. Treatment groups I and II showed 6.1% and 5.7% reduction in BMI, respectively (p<0.004). There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups. Conclusions This finding suggests that the five ear acupuncture points, generally used in Korean clinics, and the Hunger point alone treatment are both effective for treating overweight people.

Effectiveness of a Global Learning Strategy Practiced in Different Contexts on Primary and Transfer Self-Paced Motor Tasks

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Singer ◽  
Charmaine DeFrancesco ◽  
Lynda E. Randal
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strategy Group ◽  
Global Learning ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Laboratory Task ◽  
Better Than

(Singer, 1986) on achievement in laboratory and simulated self-paced sport tasks were investigated. Forty undergraduates were randomly stratified according to gender into four treatment groups: (a) a strategy group that initially practiced the strategy while learning the laboratory task (SL), (b) a laboratory control group that began the experiment by learning the task without the strategy (CL), (c) a strategy group that initially applied the strategy to the learning of an applied sport task (SA), and (d) a control group that initially learned the sport task without the strategy (CA). Following the completion of 48 trials with the primary task, all groups performed 50 trials on a transfer task. ANOVAs indicated that both strategy groups performed significantly better than their respective control groups in the primary tasks. Results of the transfer task indicated that the SA group performed at the same level as the SL group but outperformed both control groups. It was concluded that the strategy facilitates achievement in laboratory as well as applied self-paced tasks.

scholarly journals The Difference of Results in Abdomen and Anus Area Measurement With Non-Contact Infrared Thermometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Anna Surgean Veterini ◽  
Nancy Margarita Rehatta ◽  
Hamzah Hamzah ◽  
Widijiati Widijiati ◽  
Sarmanu Sarmanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

Research about sepsis in animal model is interesting to get the right therapeutic method for human being. We did the research to study about the value of body temperature in mice’s various body area in order to get the important information if we are going to do the translational research in animal model about sepsis. One clinical signs of the sepsis mice model is changes in body temperature. An easy way to examine body temperature is using infrared non-contact thermometer. This study aimed to compare the body temperature using infrared non-contact thermometer at the abdomen and anal area. We used male mice, weighing 25–30 g, divided into two groups (control and treatment groups). The control group injected with NaCl 0.9% solution, with the amount of NaCl 0.9% volume equal to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the treatment group injected with 2.5 mg/kg BW of LPS intraperitoneally. Body temperature was measured in abdomen (tabd) and ananl (tan) area at 8th and 24th hour after treatment. Body temperature value tabd was higher than tan. Lipopolysaccharide injection increase body temperature but was not significant when compared to the control group (8th and 24th hour). The mean difference between tabd and tan in 8th control groups were 2.12oC respectively. The mean difference between tabd and tan in 24th hour control groups 4.6oC. The mean difference in treatment groups (8th hour) was 4.66oC, while it was 4.77oC in the 24th groups. Giving 2.5 mg/kg BW LPS intraperitoneally did not rise the body temperature significantly as compare to control groups. But, body temperature at anus area using non-contact infrared thermometer after treatment showed lower results as compared to that of at abdomen significantly.

scholarly journals Can ShortWarning Messages Reduce Speeding Behaviour? Insights from A/B Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Pei Ying Chua ◽  
Andrea Liang ◽  
Yiling Kok ◽  
Ruimin He
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
B Test

Speeding increases the likelihood and severity of an accident, and is the top cause of traffic fatalities. As such, it is important to study interventions such as warning signs and messages that may be able to reduce such behaviour. The main objective of this work was to study the effects of sending short warning messages on speeding behaviour. The study design was an A/B test – drivers who were detected to have sped were randomly assigned into treatment versus control groups. The treatment groups were sent a short warning message, while the control group did not receive any message. There were two types of messages sent – Harsh and Soft. Driver speeds were monitored in the subsequent weeks after the warning was sent out, and the number of repeat offenders and speeds in each group was tracked. We found that drivers who received a warning were 1.3 times less likely to speed in the subsequent week, with the Harsh warning message being 1.6 times more effective than the Soft message. We also found that the effects of harsh messages generally persisted longer than soft messages.

scholarly journals Increase in neutrophil count after repeated exposure of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to artemisinin

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Lilik Maslachah ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Albino Strain

<p>Background <br />Leukocytes play an important role in the elimination of malaria infection. The leukocyte profile upon elimination of the malaria parasites that have been exposed to antimalarials and are subsequently capable of faster growth has not been researched. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of mouse leukocytes in the elimination of parasites as shown by the leukocyte profile.</p><p>Methods <br />An experimental research with post test only control group design was conducted involving 24 male mice of the Swiss Albino strain weighing 20 g -30 g, and 2.5 months old. They were randomized into four groups: two control groups (K1, KP) and two treatment groups (P1, P4). Artemisinin at a dose of 0.04 mg/g body weight was given to the mice for 3 days, starting 2 days after infection. The leukocyte profile was observed on the 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 10th day after infection. The results were analyzed by two-way Anova.</p><p>Results <br />As shown in treatment control group KP and treatment group P4, P. berghei that had been passaged in the mice and were still viable after repeated exposure to artemisinin, may cause changes in leukocyte profile. On the 10th day of infection, the neutrophil percentage in group P1 showed a significantly different decrease when compared with the other groups (K1, KP and P4) (p&lt;0.05).</p><p>Conclusion <br />Repeated exposure to artemisinin of mice infected with P. berghei can cause changes in neutrophil profile in mice.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation with dried tuber of Jerusalem artichoke on skatole level in backfat and CYP2E1 mRNA expression in liver of boars

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Zadinová ◽  
Antonín Stratil ◽  
Mario Van Poucke ◽  
Luc J. Peelman ◽  
Jaroslav Čítek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Entire Male

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diets containing different levels of dried tuber of Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, on skatole levels in back fat and on the CYP2E1 mRNA expression in the liver of commercial crossbred pigs. A total of 23 uncastrated male pigs from 10 litters of a commercial crossbred population of Large White × (Landrace × Large White), were used in this study. Boars were randomly divided into four different dietary treatment groups - a control group (K1; 5 boars; without supplementation of Jerusalem artichoke,) and three experimental groups (6 boars each) that were fed with the diet containing different levels of dried Jerusalem artichoke (K2 – 4.1%; K3 – 8.2%; K4 – 12.2%) for 14 days before slaughter. Significant effects of diet on skatole levels were observed between the control group and the experimental groups (P = 0.0078). The lowest level of skatole was in the K3 group with 8.2% of Jerusalem artichoke. As for CYP2E1, a negative correlation was observed between the levels of skatole and CYP2E1 mRNA expression. Significant effect (P = 0.0055) was found in all experimental groups compared to the K1 group, and most pronounced in the K2 and K3 groups. The supplementation with Jerusalem artichoke resulted in lower level of skatole and higher CYP2E1 mRNA expression. The results suggest that affecting the expression of CYP2E1 by feed supplements could be an option to effectively reduce the levels of skatole in adipose tissue of entire male pigs.

EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DRIED TAMARIND PULP ON MEAT CHOLESTEROL, CARCASS YIELD, DRESSING PERCENTAGE AND ABDOMINAL FAT OF BROILER CHICKEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.V. Patil ◽  
G.B. Shinde ◽  
A.B. Kanduri ◽  
P.H. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Control Group Group

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of different levels of dried Tamarind pulp on meat cholesterol, carcass yield and dressing percentage of broiler chicken. 300 healthy day old commercial broiler chicks of Vencob’ strain were selected and divided into five groups of 60 chicks in each group, three replicates of 20 birds in each group. The chicks of control group (Group I) were fed with standard broiler diet without dried Tamarind pulp, whereas dried Tamarind pulp was supplemented @250 gm, 500 gm, 1000 gm and 1500 gm per 100 kg of broiler ration respectively to groups -II, III, IV and V.The meat cholesterol was found to be significantly lower in treatments groups than in control group. However, carcass yield and dressing percentage of treatment groups were significantly higher than control Group.The carcass yield and dressing percentage were increased and meat cholesterol level was decreased on supplementation of dried Tamarind pulp in broiler rations.

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