Morphology, Release Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Effect of Nisin-Loaded Electrospun Gelatin Fiber Mat

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANUTTAPORN DHERAPRASART ◽  
SIRIRAT RENGPIPAT ◽  
PITT SUPAPHOL ◽  
JIRARAT TATTIYAKUL
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spun Fiber ◽  
Gelatin Concentration ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Electrospun Gelatin

Gelatin electrospun (e-spun) fiber mats containing nisin were produced by electrostatic spinning of gelatin-nisin in 70% (vol/vol) acetic acid aqueous solutions. Varying nisin loading concentration (0 to 3% [wt/wt]) did not affect the fiber average diameter, whereas increasing gelatin concentration from 20 to 24% (wt/vol) caused an increase in the average diameter. All nisin-loaded gelatin e-spun fiber mats demonstrated inhibition against Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 850. However, all fiber mats were fragile and easily dissolved in water. Cross-linking by saturated glutaraldehyde vapor at 37°C for 5 min was done to strengthen the mat. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation of the cross-linked gelatin-nisin e-spun fiber mats varied in the range of 2.6 to 20.3 MPa, 163 to 966 MPa, and 1.7 to 5.9%, respectively. Cross-linking did not affect the mat's inhibition activity against L. plantarum TISTR 850. Nisin retention in cross-linked antimicrobial gelatin e-spun fiber mats was in the range of 1.0 to 1.22%. Increasing temperature caused an increase in nisin release, but increasing water activity did not cause a significant difference in nisin release over 50 h. After storage at 25°C for 5 months, the antimicrobial gelatin e-spun fiber mat still showed inhibition against L. plantarum TISTR 850. The mats also inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes but not Salmonella Typhimurium.

Cell adhesion and proliferation enhancement by gelatin nanofiber scaffolds

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Ching Wu ◽  
Wei-Hong Chang ◽  
Guo-Chung Dong ◽  
Kuo-Yu Chen ◽  
Yueh-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Electrospun Gelatin ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

Gelatin nanofibers (GNs) prepared by electrospinning were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor to improve their water-resistant ability. After cross-linking treatment, the form of the fibers expressed no substantial change, but the average diameter of the fibers increased with increasing cross-linking time. The swelling induced by the moisture during the cross-linking process was moderated when the cross-linking time reached 45 min. The contact angle measurements confirmed that the electrospun gelatin fibers were more hydrophilic than the gelatin film (GF). Increasing the cross-linking time did not alter the hydrophilic properties of the gelatin fibers. The cell compatibility was evaluated based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, scanning electron microscope and confocal microscope observations, and Western blot analysis by culturing MG-63 cells on the GFs and GNs. The nanofibrous structure fabricated by an electrospinning technique was found to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation. This process is a cost-effective simulation of GN structures’ promising applications on scaffold preparation for tissue engineering.

Biopolymers with Medical Applications Optimized method for obtaining chitosan-based delivery systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1756-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luminita Confederat ◽  
Iuliana Motrescu ◽  
Sandra Constantin ◽  
Florentina Lupascu ◽  
Lenuta Profire
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Chitosan Microparticles ◽  
Degree Of Swelling

The aim of this study was to optimize the method used for obtaining microparticles based on chitosan � a biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic polymer, and to characterize the developed systems. Chitosan microparticles, as drug delivery systems were obtained by inotropic gelation method using pentasodiumtripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linking agent. Chitosan with low molecular weight (CSLMW) in concentration which ranged between 0.5 and 5 %, was used while the concentration of cross-linking agent ranged between 1 and 5%. The characterization of the microparticles in terms of shape, uniformity and adhesion was performed in solution and dried state. The size of the microparticles and the degree of swelling were also determined. The structure and the morphology of the developed polymeric systems were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The average diameter of the chitosan microparticles was around 522 �m. The most stable microparticles were obtained using CSLMW 1% and TPP 2% or CSLMW 0.75%and TPP 1%. The micropaticles were spherical, uniform and without flattening. Using CSLMW in concentration of 0.5 % poorly cross-linked and crushed microparticles have been obtained at all TPP concentrations. By optimization of the method, stable chitosan-based micropaticles were obtained which will be used to develop controlled release systems for drug delivery.

scholarly journals Effect of Treatment of Callistephus chinensis ( L.) Ness. Plants by Ivin at Growth and Decorative Parameters in Conditions of Industrial City

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Valentina Bessonova ◽  
Olga Ivanchenko ◽  
Svetlana Volodarets
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the new growth stimulator with the cytokinin nature Ivin was investigated at the parameters of growth, blooming and chlorophylls content of the leaves of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness. plants. The researched plants grow under the impact of industrial and exhaust fumes. The intensification of the growth processes of the treatment plants in comparison with untreated was established. The processed specimens enhance height, the number of side shoots, quantity of the leaves and their area as well as the area of the total assimilation plants surface with increasing of the vegetative mass of the plants accordingly. At the same time, the number of inflorescences and their average diameter increase. There was no significant difference in essential influence of the biostimulator upon the plants of Callistephus chinensis between breeds ‘Victoria Sharlachovaya’ and ‘Strausovo pero Rubinivaya’ with the exception of some variables (total assimilation surface). The content of chlorophyll in leaves of Callistephus chinensis plants increases under spraying by Ivin. The rising occurs originally after spraying seedlings due to chlorophyll, after the third treatment (flower-bud formation) – due to both forms of chlorophylls was established, as well as the breed specific reaction of plants was determined. The novelty of this work consists in the investigation of the influencing the growth stimulator on the development of the ornamental flower plants in the conditions of environmental pollution. The treatment of this preparation is appropriate for stimulation of growth and intensity of bloom of the ornamental flower plants of urban territories.

scholarly journals Histo-morphology of genitalia in crossbred dairy cows with kinked cervix

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Annie ◽  
K. M. Lucy ◽  
N. Ashok ◽  
S. Maya ◽  
Hiron M. Harshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Control ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Kerala State

The study was conducted on genitalia collected from 100 dairy cows/heifers from the Meat Technology Unit, Mannuthy. The animals brought for slaughter at Meat Technology Unit, Mannuthy were from herds of five different farms (University and Government Undertaking farms) in Kerala state. This included six animals culled on account of factors other than infertility with normal reproductive system (control group) and the remaining animals with a known history of infertility. In total, seven animals showed kinked cervix condition. Cervix was evaluated morphometrically and histologically. Grossly, the cervix was hard, kinked and S-shaped, with a mean length of 9.64 ± 1.19 cm. Average number of annular rings in the cervical canal was 4.14 ± 0.26 with an average diameter of 1.74 ± 0.18 cm. At the external os, diameter of the cervix was less, while at the uterine end, diameter was more. The opening of each cervical ring showed a misalignment instead of a straight line. Histologically, the cervix was lined by simple columnar epithelium with signs of degeneration and desquamation. However, the submucosal layer was extensively infiltrated by collagen fibres. In uterus, there was a significant difference in the number of endometrial glands and height of the glandular epithelial cells which was less when compared to the control group. Muscular layer outer to connective tissue layer was thin and uneven. Alterations of the glandular structures negatively influence the viability of spermatozoa due to the lack of secretory products. This fibrous, collagen rich kinked cervix limits the smooth deposition of the semen into the uterus during artificial insemination and the insufficiently dilated cervix affects its contractibility leading to dystocia and subfertility.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Properties of High-Content Keratin/Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Blend Nanofibers Using Two-Step Cross-Linking Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Xia Yu ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Jie Fan ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

High-content keratin/poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) (90/10) blend nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with a two-step cross-linking process. The keratin/PEO aqueous solution was firstly mixed with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as cross-linker and then electrospun into nanofibers. The resulting nanofibrous mats were cross-linked with EGDE vapor to decrease the solubility of nanofibers in water. The morphologies and properties of electrospun fibers were investigated by SEM, FTIR, TG, XRD, and contact angle testing, respectively. The results showed that the morphologies of nanofibers were uniform at the fiber average diameter of 300 nm with negligible bead defects by adding EGDE to keratin/PEO solutions. The cross-linking results showed that EGDE vapor could improve the hydrophobic property of blended nanofibers. The crystallinity of the keratin/PEO blend nanofiber mat increased from 13.14% for the uncross-linked sample to 21.54% and 35.15% for the first cross-linked and second cross-linked samples, respectively. Free defect nanofiber mats with high keratin content producing from this two-step cross-linking process are particularly promising for tissue engineering and cell-seeded scaffold.

scholarly journals The synergistic effects of Lactobacillus acidophillus ROO52 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12 bacteriocins against E.coli O157 :H7 in milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Zina Saab Khudhir
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Test Kit

        The aims of this study to evaluate the antibacterial potential of standard strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus ROO52 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12) that produce bacteriocins against E.coli O157:H7 in raw milk.  Thirty raw milk samples randomly were collected weekly different markets of Baghdad city in order to investigate the prevalence of E.coli O157:H7 in milk. The prevalence of  E.coli O157:H7 in raw milk samples was  6 out 30 (20%) by using the modern chromogenic media with serological latex agglutination test kit. The average diameter of the inhibition zone of crude bacteriocin against  E .coli O157:H7 by using combination of 1:1 (v/v) of the Lactobacillus acidophillus ROO52 and  Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12was (14mm) ,while that produced by bacteriocins of Lactobacillus acidophillus ROO52 and  Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12  independently were 16 and 12mm respectively .L. delbrucekii ssp bulgaricus showed significantly (P<0.05) low antimicrobial effect against E.coli O157 :H7 .While the strongest antimicrobial effect was shown by Lactobacillus acidophilus ROO52. The bacteriocins of the reference strains used in this study did not result in an increase in inhibition when used in combination of 1:1 (v/v).

INFLUENCE OF CULTURE SOLUTION TEMPERATURE ON UPTAKE OF RADIOCALCIUM BY FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
E. T. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Ca45 uptake by flue-cured tobacco increased significantly with increase in root temperature from 20° to 30 °C. during a 6-day absorption period. A further temperature increase to 35 °C. resulted in a non-significant difference in Ca45 uptake. The increase in Ca45 uptake with increasing temperature was not related to increase in root growth during the absorption period.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5107
Author(s):  
Hetal Ashvin Kumar Mavani ◽  
In Meei Tew ◽  
Lishen Wong ◽  
Hsu Zenn Yew ◽  
Alida Mahyuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
The One

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), an effective endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (EF), is harmful to periapical tissues. Natural pineapple-orange eco-enzymes (M-EE) and papaya eco-enzyme (P-EE) could be potential alternatives. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of M-EE and P-EE at different concentrations and fermentation periods against EF, compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Fermented M-EE and P-EE (3 and 6 months) at various concentrations were mixed with EF in a 96-well plate incubated for 24 h anaerobically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of M-EE and P-EE were determined via EF growth observation. EF inhibition was quantitatively measured and compared between different irrigants using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and different fermentation periods using the independent-samples T-test. M-EE and P-EE showed MIC at 50% and MBC at 100% concentrations. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect when comparing M-EE and P-EE at 50% and 100% to 2.5% NaOCl. P-EE at 6 months fermentation exhibited higher EF inhibition compared to 3 months at concentrations of 25% (p = 0.017) and 0.78% (p = 0.009). The antimicrobial properties of M-EE and P-EE, at both 100% and 50% concentrations, are comparable to 2.5% NaOCl. They could therefore be potential alternative endodontic irrigants, but further studies are required.

scholarly journals Preparation and preclinical evaluation of aceclofenac loaded pectinate mucoadhesive microspheres

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Chakraborty ◽  
Priyanka Nayak ◽  
Bala Murali Krishna ◽  
Madhusmruti Khandai ◽  
Ashoke Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the present research work was to fabricate aceclofenac loaded pectinate microspheres by ionic gelation method and evaluate the effect of different cross-linking agents and polymer concentration on particle size, encapsulation efficacy and drug release behavior. It was also investigated that whether this pectinate dosage form was able to target the drug release in intestinal region and prevent the different side effect associated with the drug in stomach or not. It was observed that particle size, encapsulation efficacy and in vitro drug release were largely depended on polymer concentration and cross-linking agents. It was also observed that pectinate microspheres showed excellent pH depended mucoadhesive properties and they were able to restrict the drug release in stomach. <em>In vitro</em> drug release study showed that alminium-pectinate microspheres have more sustaining property as compared to barium-pectinate microspheres. Holm-Sidak multiple comparison analysis suggested a significant difference in measured t<sub>50%</sub> values among all the formulations with same cross-linking agent. In vivo studies revealed that the anti inflammatory and analgesic effects induced by pectinate microspheres were significantly high and prolonged as compared to pure drug. So, pectinate microspheres can be an excellent carrier for targeting the delivery of aceclofenac as well as help in improving the patient compliance by prolonging the systemic absorption.

scholarly journals Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Cadmium Removal Capacity and Mechanism by Maize Straw and Platanus Leaves Biochars

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Qi Lv
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Cd Removal

The influence of pyrolysis temperature on cadmium (Cd) removal capacity and mechanisms by maize straw biochars (MSB) and Platanus leaves biochars (PLB) pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C was investigated. The results showed that the biochars pyrolyzed at 500 °C had the highest adsorption capacity for Cd, and the maximum adsorption at pH 5.0 was 35.46 mg/g and 25.45 mg/g for MSB and PLB, respectively. The increase in adsorption efficiency with increasing temperature indicated that the adsorption of Cd onto the biochars was endothermic. Based on the balance analysis between cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) released and Cd adsorbed onto biochar in combination with SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD analysis, it was concluded that cation exchange, complexation with surface functional groups, precipitation with minerals (CdCO3), and coordination with π electrons were the dominant mechanisms responsible for Cd adsorption by MSB. With the pyrolysis temperature increasing from 300 to 600 °C, the contribution of cation exchange (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on Cd removal by MSB decreased from 37.4% to 11.7%, while the contribution of precipitation with Otavite (CdCO3) and Cd2+-π electrons interaction increased. For PLB, the insoluble Cd minerals were not detected by XRD, and the contribution of cation exchange had no significant difference for PLB pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C.

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