Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized Milk of the School Milk Project in Thailand

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUTHEP RUANGWISES ◽  
NONGLUCK RUANGWISES
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Concentrations of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) were determined in 150 pasteurized milk samples from the School Milk Project in Thailand. Milk samples were collected from 50 schools in the Central region of Thailand in three seasons: summer (May to June 2006), the rainy season (August to September 2006), and winter (December 2006 to January 2007). AFM1 was isolated by using an immunoaffinity column and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. All of the 150 pasteurized milk samples were contaminated with AFM1, and the concentrations were within the U.S. regulatory limit of 0.5 μg/liter. The highest concentration of AFM1 found in school milk samples was 0.114 μg/liter. The mean concentration of AFM1 in milk samples collected in winter was significantly higher than the mean concentrations found in the rainy season and summer. Further monitoring of school milk to evaluate the status of contamination of AFM1 is necessary, with a special emphasis on samples collected in the rainy season and winter. Thailand is one of several countries that have no regulatory limits for AFM1 in milk and milk products. The results of this study suggest that safety limits for AFM1 are needed for regulating and ensuring the quality of milk and milk products in Thailand.

Incidence of Aflatoxin M1 in Thai Milk Products

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRIENGSAG SAITANU
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Sterilized Milk

Two hundred seventy samples of raw milk and off-the-shelf milk products were examined for aflatoxin M1 content using a radioimmunoassay. Aflatoxin M1 was found in the majority of milk samples except 1 sample of raw milk and 11 samples of imported powdered milk. All cases of aflatoxin M1 content greater than 0.5 ppb were found in 18% (48) of the samples including raw milk (17/67), pasteurized milk (20/63), ultra high temperature milk (7/60), sterilized milk (3/60), and pelleted milk (1/7). All powdered milk samples were negative for aflatoxin M1 except two samples with less than 0.1 ppb. The positive aflatoxin M1 test results for five of the raw milk samples were confirmed by HPLC.

scholarly journals Pemeriksaan Kualitas Susu Asal Kedai Susu Kawasan Permukiman Mahasiswa IPB Dramaga dan Cilibende Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Maharani ◽  
Mirnawati B Sudarwanto ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Herwin Pisestyani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Milk is an animal food source that plays a role in human life because it contains various nutritional components. Indonesia’s level of milk consumption is still relatively low. As one of an attempt to increase milk consumption, various kinds of processed milk products with a more modish aroma and form were made. However, not all of the quality of the processed milk products sold can be guaranteed. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of milk samples obtained from milk retails located around the students settlement area of IPB University’s Dramaga and Cilibende campus. The total of retails around campus obtained from the survey were 13, so 39 samples were bought. Milk samples taken were plain milk without an addition of sugar, flavor variants or ice cubes. The results obtained by the average value of density, content of fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, non-fat dry matter and pH of milk samples in Dramaga region are 1.0190 g/mL, 2.66%, 2.02%, 3.03%, 8.18%, 5.52% and 6.89. Milk samples in Cilibende region are 1.026 g/mL, 3.80%, 2.75%, 4.13%, 11.34%, 7.54% and 6.54. Based on pasteurization and sterilization perfectness test, it was discovered that all samples were pasteurized milk, even as much as 30.8% were sterilized milk. From this study, it can be concluded that the ready-to-drink milk sold in retails around the students settlements of IPB University has poor quality because it does not meet the minimum standard requirements of SNI No. 01-3951-1995 about Pasteurized Milk.

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Cheeses from the South of Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª JOSÉ BARRIOS ◽  
Mª JESÚS GUALDA ◽  
J. M. CABANAS ◽  
L. M. MEDINA ◽  
R. JORDANO
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
The South ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

Thirty-five samples of commercial cheeses, 9 fresh, 9 semicured or semiripened and 17 ripened made with different types of milk (cow, ewe, goat and mixtures of milk of various species) produced in the South of Spain were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by high-performance liquid chromatography, In 16 of the 35 samples (45.71%) the presence of AFM1 was detected in concentrations ranging between 20 and 200 ng/g of cheese, In the positive cases, the mean levels of AFM1 were 105.33 ng/g in ripened cheeses, 73.80 ng/g in semiripened cheeses and 42.60 ng/g in fresh cheeses.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, soft cheese and yoghurt in Baghdad Province by Using ELISA Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Najim Hadi Najim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

     Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptable level of AFM1 in milk (50 ng/kg) imposed by the European legislation. The raw milk samples belonged to animals fed with composite and stored fodder as in Althahab Alabiadh, Radhwaniya and Fadhaliya villages had higher significantly AFM1 concentrations over all the other five villages (Grazing feed). All 32 (100%) locally produced soft white cheese samples analyzed were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 31.84 to 89.44 ng/kg with the mean value of 59.92±17.03 ng/kg. Out of 32 locally produced yoghurt samples analyzed, 32 samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.16 to 42.74 ng/kg with the mean value of 16.92±11.55 ng/kg. Thirty samples (100%) of the examined 30 imported UHT milk samples that were collected from different commercial companies in the province of Baghdad presented significantly  high contamination level with AFM1 that were found to range from 0.18 to 85.66 ng/kg.

Analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk and Its Association with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Status of Lactating Mothers in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomana Elaridi ◽  
Maya Bassil ◽  
Joelle Abi Kharma ◽  
Farah Daou ◽  
Hussein F. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of the dietary aflatoxins, and its major metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), is frequently found in the breast milk of lactating mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and factors associated with AFM1 contamination of breast milk collected from lactating mothers in Lebanon. A total of 111 breast milk samples were collected according to the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. Samples were analyzed with a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between December 2015 and November 2016. A survey was used to determine the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participating lactating mothers. Dietary habits were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Mean (±standard deviation) concentration of AFM1 in the breast milk samples was 4.31 ± 1.8 ng/L, and 93.8% of samples contained AFM1 at 0.2 to 7.9 ng/L. The mean concentration of AFM1 was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in fall and winter (4.1 ± 1.9 ng/L) than in spring and summer (5.0 ± 1.7 ng/L). None of the samples exceeded the European Commission regulation limit (25 ng/L) for infant milk replacement formula. AFM1 contamination was significantly associated (P &lt; 0.05) with the daily consumption of white cheeses but not with the consumption of meat or cereal products. No significant association (P &gt; 0.05) was observed between AFM1 concentrations in breast milk and anthropometric sociodemographic factors (age and level of education) or the governorate of residence of the nursing mothers. The mean AFM1 estimated daily intake was found to be 0.69 ng/day/kg of body weight. Although the incidence of AFM1 contamination was low, our first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of conducting investigations on mycotoxin contamination in breast milk and of developing protection strategies to tackle the exposure of infants to this potent chemical hazard.

Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized and Ultrapasteurized Milk with Different Fat Content in Mexico

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDA CARVAJAL ◽  
ADOLFO BOLAÑOS ◽  
FRANCISCO ROJO ◽  
IGNACIO MÉNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Per Capita

High per capita milk consumption in Mexico indicated a strong need for documentation of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in milk. A survey of 580, 2-liter samples (n = 290), was conducted to quantify AFM1 using high-performance liquid chromatography, considering two maximum tolerance levels (0.05 and 0.5 μg/liter). We relate aflatoxin levels in the seven most consumed brands from different regions, with two processes (pasteurized and ultrapasteurized), different expiration dates, and different fat content: whole fat (28, 30, and 33 g), half-skimmed (10, 16, and 20 g), light (1, 2, and 4 g), and with vegetable oil. Pasteurization and ultrapasteurization did not diminish AFM1 contamination present at levels of 0 to 8.35 μg/liter in 40% of the milk samples at concentrations ≥0.05 μg/liter and in 10% of the samples at ≥0.5 μg/liter. Statistically significant relationships were AFM1 contamination with brand (P = 0.002 at the ≥0.05 μg/liter level and P = 0.034 at the ≥0.5 μg/liter level) and higher AFM1 levels with mild or warm seasons of the year (P = 0.0003). Samples with greater fat content had slightly more probability (P = 0.067) of being contaminated by AFM1 at the ≥0.5 μg/liter level. The milk with the lowest contamination of AFM1 was a brand imported as powder and rehydrated in Mexico.

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in commercial pasteurized milk samples in Sari, Mazandaran province, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Shokrzadeh ◽  
Zahra Aliabadi ◽  
Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Occurrence and Stability of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products: A Worldwide Review

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO GALVANO ◽  
VITTORIO GALOFARO ◽  
GIACOMO GALVANO
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Animal Milk ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Milk Storage

This paper critically reviews data from the literature since 1980 on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in human and animal milk, infant formula, dried milk, cheese, and yogurt. Furthermore the influence of storage and processing of milk and milk products on the occurrence and stability of AFM1 is reviewed. It is concluded that (i) efforts in attempting to harmonize already existing regulatory limits for AF in foods and feed should be made; (ii) further investigations should verify the influence of milk storage and processing on AFM1 occurrence to avoid uncertainty in actual practice; (iii) the occurrence of AFM1 in animal milks and milk products is widespread, although, considering the current scientific fund, contamination levels do not seem to be a serious health hazard; however, further studies should provide accurate scientific information concerning the human health hazard related to long-term exposure to subchronic AF levels; (iv) monitoring programs should be more extensive and frequent; and (v) in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in African countries, a particular attention should be used in monitoring milk and milk products other than those from cows, as well as feed. Furthermore, extensive and periodic surveys on the occurrence of AF and their metabolite in human breast milk should be performed, since a serious health hazard to mother, fetus, or infants could occur.

A Survey of 61 Veterinary Drug Residues in Commercial Liquid Milk Products in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233
Author(s):  
RUNJIA SHI ◽  
ZHONGNA YU ◽  
WEI WU ◽  
HARVEY HO ◽  
JUN WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Drug Residue ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Ultrahigh Temperature

ABSTRACT To investigate the drug residue status in commercial liquid milk products in China, 190 samples, including ultrahigh temperature milk (n = 168) and pasteurized milk (n = 22) samples, were collected in 2019. Milk samples were analyzed for the presence of any of the 61 veterinary drugs in them by using a screening assay combined with an ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Ten (5.26%) samples were found positive for β-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides, and six (3.16%) samples were confirmed residual for penicillin G (n = 6; 3.16%), tetracycline (n = 1; 0.53%), and oxytetracycline (n = 1; 0.53%), with the maximum concentration of 2.85, 40.64, and 12.35 μg kg−1, respectively. Drug residue detection rate in group II (4.55%; the local city domestic brands) was higher than that in group I (2.70%; the major brands of China) and group III (2.78%; the imported brands into China) and higher in domestic samples (3.39%) than that in imported samples (2.78%), and higher in pasteurized milk samples (9.09%) than in ultrahigh temperature milk samples (2.38%). All drug residue levels were far below the regulated maximum residue limits. However, based on some veterinary drug residues detected in the samples, there is a potential veterinary drug risk in liquid milk products in the Chinese market, and this situation deserves the attention of governments and consumers. HIGHLIGHTS

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