scholarly journals Temporal and comparative analysis between abdomen dissection methods for aorto-caval exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 089-092
Author(s):  
A. Sato ◽  
F. Batigália
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Blunt Dissection ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Abdominal Vessels ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Radiology And Pathology

Abstract Introduction: The systemic exposure of the Human Body or dissection is considered of utmost importance by the study of abdominal vasculature, due to its applicability in Clinical Medicine, Surgery, Radiology and Pathology. The specialized literature does not mention comparative studies of time spent for execution of different dissection methods in order to prioritize the quickest method, and thereby, optimize academic or professional training in Anatomy or Emergency Surgery. The present research aimed at comparing the time required to perform dissection methods that prioritize the exposure of large abdominal vessels. Materials and Methods: Embalmed bodies of six adults were considered for execution (by the same professional) of Cattell-Braasch and Mattox maneuvers by manual blunt dissection or surgical instruments. Discussion: We evaluated the time spent for satisfactory completion of both maneuvers as well as for proper exposure of the large abdominal vessels, with statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitnney test with a 5% significance level. Conclusion: The Cattell-Braasch maneuver, blunt dissection or surgical instruments are similarly quick for folding of the cecum and adequate exposure of the inferior vena cava. For Mattox maneuver, blunt dissection is quicker compared to that performed by surgical instruments for the folding of the sigmoid colon and large aortic exposure.

Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Ventriculoatrial Shunt Insertion

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Albert McAnsah Isaacs ◽  
Danae Krahn ◽  
Andrew M Walker ◽  
Heather Hurdle ◽  
Mark G Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Shunt Valve ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Shunt Placement ◽  
Time Required

Abstract BACKGROUND Determining an optimal location within the right atrium (RA) for placement of the distal ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt catheter offer several operative challenges that place patients at risk for perioperative complications and downstream VA shunt failure. Utilizing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance to place distal VA shunt catheters may help to circumvent these risks. OBJECTIVE To review our current practice of VA shunt insertion using TEE guidance. METHODS A retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent VA shunt procedures between December 19, 2016 and January 22, 2019, during which time intraoperative TEE was used for shunt placement was performed. Data on the time required for shunt placement and total procedure time, baseline echocardiography findings, and short- and long-term complications of shunt placement were assessed. RESULTS A total of 33 patients underwent VA shunt procedures, with a median follow-up time of 250 (88-412) d. The only immediate complication related to shunt placement or TEE use was transient ectopy in 1 patient. The mean time for atrial catheter insertion was 12.6 ± 4.8 min. Right-heart catheters were inserted between the RA-superior vena cava junction and 22 mm within the RA in all but 3 procedures. A total of 7/33 patients (21%) underwent shunt revision. Indications for revisions included distal clots, proximal obstruction, positive blood culture, and shunt valve revision. No other complications of VA shunt insertion were reported. CONCLUSION VA shunt insertion using TEE allows for precise distal catheter placement. Early patient experience confirms this technique has a low complication rate.

Temporal delay of venous blood correlates with onset of exercise hyperpnea

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. VanBenthuysen ◽  
G. D. Swanson ◽  
J. V. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Exercise Hyperpnea ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Alpha Chloralose

We tested the hypothesis that humoral factors contribute to the onset of exercise hyperpnea in an electrically induced model of isocapnic exercise in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs. A cannula placed in the inferior vena cava (IVC) permitted hindlimb venous blood to flow either directly to the lungs or through a variable-length extracorporeal circuit. Mean transit times (MTT) of blood from exercising hindlimbs were measured from the arrival at the pulmonary artery of green dye injected into the saphenous vein. Onset of hyperpnea was determined by the half time of the ventilatory response (T 1/2), the time required to reach 50% of the steady-state ventilation. In seven dogs, T 1/2 was directly related to MTT (P less than 0.001), suggesting that blood-borne substances released at the onset of exercise contribute to the hyperpneic response. The T 1/2-MTT relation persisted following L2 cord transection (n = 4), suggesting that intraspinal afferents are not required for this response. Chemoreceptor denervation (n = 4) slowed the onset of exercise hyperpnea but did not alter the T 1/2-MTT relation. In this model of electrically induced “exercise” in which neurogenic influences have been minimized, humoral factors alone may stimulate ventilation sufficiently to produce arterial isocapnia.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF TRAINING MASTERS IN MEDICINE IN CHINISE UNIVERSITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (192) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Oksana Dudina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Senior Physician ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
Higher Education In China

The article investigates and theoretically summarizes the peculiarities of training doctors at the master's level at the universities of ROC. Higher education in China is characterized by numerous changes due to the accumulation and adaptation of advanced successful experience in training specialists in different countries of the world. In this context, the property of scientists and educators of ROC concerning the organization of professional training of masters in medicine is of particular interest for Ukraine. Scientists are constantly searching for solutions and improving higher medical education in ROC. In the universities of the Republic of China, according to the field of study, the degree of master in medicine can be obtained as a professional degree and scientific degree. As a result, after completing the master's program in professional field, the master may work in positions such as senior physician, senior physician in health care, senior dentist, senior pharmaceutical, and the master in research field may work as the doctor-scientist, who carries out medical research as the main professional activity. The name of medical degrees is also different, for the professional field – clinical medicine, for the research field – preclinical medicine. Clinical medicine includes such areas of master's programs in medicine as health care, dentistry, pharmacological science; preclinical medicine includes clinical medicine, preventive medicine, dentistry, the science of human progress, the history of science and technology, biomedical engineering, social medicine and health management. The article examines the experience of implementing master's programs in medicine at higher educational institutions in China. The competence-based approach, forms and specialization of training in the organization of training and practicing students due to master's programs in medicine in ROC were determined.

scholarly journals Duración real, Sobreduración y titulación oportuna en la Carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Curriculum Evaluation ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The University

La presente investigación aborda un  tema muy importante en la educación superior, referente al tiempo que tardan los estudiantes universitarios en obtener su titulación; específicamente la investigación se centra en la carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo; analiza dieciocho años; con 856 graduados, en ese periodo, de los cuales  181 estudiantes se titularon de Ingenieros en Sistemas; a un promedio de 10.05 graduados por año y 675 estudiantes obtuvieron el título de Ingenieros en Sistemas Informáticos, con un promedio de 37.5 graduados por año. Se establece que para completar la malla el grupo en promedio requirió de 1.97 años más de los establecido en la oferta académica, obteniendo su titulación en un tiempo promedio de 8.44 años; solo 443 graduados terminaron su carrera en tiempos menores a este. Se detectó casos extremos entre los Ingenieros en Sistemas y los Ingenieros en Sistemas Informáticos, que emplean para su titulación 14.15 años y 17.78 años, respectivamente. Una investigación sobre el tema permite a las instituciones de educación superior, a los futuros estudiantes y sus familias tener una visión real del tiempo de permanencia en la universidad, así como identificar problemas y establecer correctivos encaminados a una efectiva evaluación curricular orientada a la disminución del tiempo real requerido para la graduación y optimización de los costos de formación profesional.AbstractThis research is about a very important issue in higher education; itŽs about the time it takes for college students to obtain their professional degrees; specifically focuses on the career of Engineering in Systems in the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo; analyzes eighteen years with 856 graduates during this period, 181 students obtained the Systems Engineering with an average of 10.05 graduates per year,  and 675 students earned the title of Engineering in Computer Systems, with an average of 37.5 graduates per year. To complete the curriculum the group required on average 1.97 years more than the established academic offerings, obtaining his degree in an average time of 8.44 years; only 443 graduates finished their studies in less than this time; extreme cases among system engineers and engineers in computer systems they used 17.78 years and 14.15 years respectively. A research on this subject enables higher education institutions, students and their families have a real vision of the time in the university, also to identify problems and establish corrective measures aimed at effective curriculum evaluation in order to decrease the actual time required for graduation and optimization of the professional training costs.

scholarly journals The relationship between the storage methods and the formation of dentinal defects (cracks)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Nakao ARASHIRO ◽  
Michelle Tavares Galotto NANTES ◽  
Pedro Gregol da SILVA ◽  
Key Fabiano Souza PEREIRA ◽  
Muryllo Eduardo Sales dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: This research study aims at conducting an in vitro evaluation of crack formation in freshly extracted teeth after undergoing different storage and decontamination methods. Methods: 60 erupted upper third molars conventionally extracted using forceps # 210h (quinelato surgical instruments, rio claro - sp) and randomly distributed in three groups (n = 30): group 1 - storage in dry environment for 30 days, group 2 - sterilization in autoclave and storage for 30 days in distilled water, and group 3 - 10% formaldehyde decontamination for 14 days and storage in distilled water for additional 30 days. after the storage period, teeth had their roots transversely sectioned at 2, 4 and 6 mm below the root apex using a low rotation diamond disk under constant cooling. the evaluation of fragments was performed using a 30-time magnification microscope. Results: Cracks were seen only in group 1 and the chi-square statistical test with 5% significance level showed a statistically significant difference comparing the dry storage group to the others. Conclusion: The storage of extracted teeth in a dry environment influences the formation of dentinal defects.

Rapid and repeated blood sampling in the conscious laboratory rat: a new technique

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. G145-G146
Author(s):  
O. E. Winsett ◽  
C. M. Townsend ◽  
J. C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Awake Rat ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Ideal

A method for obtaining repeated blood samples from conscious rats by translumbar vena cava puncture is presented. Studies performed at laparotomy enabled us to select a 5/8-in., 25-gauge needle as the ideal instrument for aspirating blood. The awake rat is held prone by an assistant and the needle inserted at the level of the first lumbar vertebra in the coronal plane at an angle of 45 degrees from the vertical. We performed the procedure 350 times in 30 rats (100–300 g) at weekly intervals for 8 wk. Each time, we have obtained 2 ml of blood. The time required for obtaining 30 samples is 15–20 min. There have been no complications and only three deaths (mortality rate, 0.9% per puncture); in all three instances the rats jerked free, lacerating the vena cava. The procedure has been performed in guinea pigs and hamsters, with equal ease, without morbidity or mortality. This new technique permits rapid, atraumatic, repeated samplings from awake animals with no morbidity and minimal mortality.

scholarly journals Electrochemical behavior of stainless steel alloys used for medical and dental applications as a function of exposure to 0.9% NaCl and sterilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e32810513544
Author(s):  
Cecília Alves de Sousa ◽  
Carolina Ferrairo Danieletto-Zanna ◽  
Thamara Beline ◽  
Gustavo Zanna Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Perez Faverani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
Significance Level

This study evaluated the effect of disinfection procedures and exposure to 0.9% NaCl solution cycles during sterilization, on the electrochemical, physical and chemical properties of different stainless steel alloys used in the biomedical field. Discs of F899 XM16, F899 303, and F899 420B alloys were cleaned with enzymatic detergent followed by 20 cycles of autoclave sterilization. Electrochemical tests were performed including open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 0.9% NaCl (n=5). Surface characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and surface roughness and microhardness both before and after the electrochemical test. Quantitative data were analyzed with a significance level of 5%. The corrosion current density and corrosion potential of the alloys did not present statistical differences. The capacitance values of the three oxide layers, polarization resistance, and impedance of Warburg were similar among the alloys. Considering the topography, surface roughness increased for all alloys in the post-corrosion period. The stainless steel alloys analyzed were negatively affected at the electrochemical behavior, corrosion kinetics, and surface characterization after the 0.9% NaCl solution and the autoclave sterilization cycles, confirming the need for regular exchanges of surgical instruments and drills used in medical and dental implantology.

scholarly journals Determining the time required to disinfect a sponge contaminated with Escherichia coli, using a commercial microwave

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Bassan ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Bobby Sidhu ◽  
Ken Keilbart ◽  
Fred Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Microwave Time ◽  
Time Required

  Background: Disinfection and sanitation are important in areas where food is involved. Thorough cleaning is a necessity to prevent growth of harmful pathogens that could affect human health. Sponges used for cleaning can serve as a vehicle for cross-contamination on food preparation surfaces. There are various methods that could be used to disinfect contaminated sponges. The usage of a microwave is one suggested method. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the Scotch-BriteTM Brand, cellulose sponges contaminated with E.coli (105 cfu/ml) could be disinfected using a microwave set at three timings (30 seconds, 1 minute, and 2 minutes). Methods: The Hygiena MicroSnap was used to detect the presence (or absence) of E.coli in sponges after microwave heating. The relative light units (RLU) indicated in the monitor determined whether there were any remaining coliforms in the sample after microwaving. Results: Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and NCSS. After heating sponges for 30 seconds, 100% of the samples detected no E.coli. After heating for 1 minute, 70% of the samples had no E.coli present. After heating for 2 minutes, 100% of the samples detected no E.coli. The p-value of 0.03567 concludes that the results were statistically significant at the 5% significance level. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that sponges contaminated with E.coli can be disinfected using microwave heating. EHOs, food establishment operators, and the general public can use this knowledge to re-use their old sponges and avoid further cross-contamination. Conclusions: The results indicate that microwave time is associated with the presence or absence of E.coli in a sponge. However, E.coli was present in 3 samples microwaved at 1 minute. This suggests further studies are required to confirm the findings of this study. In addition, further studies are required to determine what specific time is sufficient to completely eliminate the E.coli in a contaminated sponge.  

scholarly journals Apical debris extrusion during instrumentation of oval root canals in primary teeth using manual versus motorized files: an ex vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaggyashri A. Pawar ◽  
Ajinkya M. Pawar ◽  
Jatin Atram ◽  
Alexander Maniangat Luke ◽  
Anuj Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation of primary canines using three endodontic file types. Forty-five extracted primary canines were randomly assigned to three instrumentation groups (n = 15): Hand K-files; and the motorized Kedo-S files and XP-endo Shaper files. The apically extruded debris produced during the procedure was collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes, and the mass of debris was calculated. The time required for the endodontic procedure was also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test were used with a significance level set at 5%. XP-endo Shaper and Kedo-S files extruded significantly less debris compared with hand K-files with means of 0.84 ± 0.31 and 1.20 ± 0.67 mg respectively, compared to 2.13 ± 0.31 mg (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between the two motorized files. Less time was required to complete the procedure with the XP-endo Shaper compared to the hand K-files (p < 0.0001) and Kedo-S files (p < 0.0001). Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that motorized files extruded less debris and required less instrumentation time compared to traditional K-files, which could benefit paediatric patients with root canal treatment needs.

scholarly journals Endodontic Retreatment Using a Single Instrument from four Nickel-Titanium Systems - A Micro-CT Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-610
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Diniz Azevedo ◽  
Thiago Gomes da Silva ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Lucila Piasecki ◽  
Luiz Fernando Fariniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
File Systems ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Single File ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Single Instrument ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

Abstract This study evaluated the efficiency of using a single instrument from three different rotary multi-file systems and compared them with that of a reciprocating single-file for endodontic retreatment by means of micro-CT. Sixty extracted canines were prepared using a size F2 ProTaper Universal file and obturated. After 30 days of storage at 37ºC and 100% humidity, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) based on the type of instrument used to retreatment: ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), TRUShape 3D (TS), and WaveOne (WO). The canals were retreated using only the size 40 instrument from each system according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for torque and speed. The time required to remove the filling material was recorded in seconds. The amount of initial and residual filling material and the quantity of dentin removed were assessed by means of micro-CT. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis) at a 5% significance level. TS instruments required the highest (p<0.05) amount of time (mean, 384.80 ±144.92) compared with the WO (229.67±68.16) and PTG (248.67±64.22) and not so different from PTN instruments (327.67±133.3). No differences in the amount of dentin removed, initial and residual filling volume, and percentages of filling material were observed among the groups. The use of a single rotary instrument from the PTG, TS, and PTN systems was as effective as that of the single-file reciprocating WO system. However, none of the instruments was able to remove the filling materials completely.

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