Legal aspects of establishment of special economic zones in the world practice and in the Republic of Azerbaijan

This article outlines special economic zones that play an important role in the socio-economic development of the country, and the use of this term in the reports of influential organizations around the world,as well as changes in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition, the factors important for the effective functioning of the special economic zone, and the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of its activities are systematized and analyzed through the economic indicators of the SEZ "Navoi"Keywords:special economic zone, investment, free economic zone, export, import, efficiency indicators.

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Development tendencies of special economic zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Bulletin of "Turan" University ◽

10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-2-30-36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

S. S. Shakeyev ◽

К. A. Nevmatulina ◽

S. B. Baibossynov

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

Global Economy ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

The World ◽

Level Of Economic Development ◽

The Republic ◽

Economic Zones

At present, all countries of the world, including Kazakhstan, in the sphere of the global economy are solving the problem of increasing the rates of economic growth. Experience shows that special economic zones can be such “points of economic growth”. The level of economic development, geographic location, natural and climatic factors and a number of other factors, of course, distinguish Kazakhstan in terms of the existing potential for the development of special economic zones. The zones created in Kazakhstan have different specializations and, accordingly, different goals, which are solved with varying degrees of success. The real results of the functioning of SEZ in Kazakhstan are still difficult to be attributed to absolutely positive. Taking into account the ambiguous results of the activities of special economic zones, the state has been taking measures for a number of years to increase their efficiency and transform the institutional framework of their activities. The existing and new promising special economic zones are intended to contribute to the achievement of these goals. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the use of such a tool as SEZ in every possible way, to study methods to improve the efficiency of their functioning. This will make it possible to objectively assess the possible prospects for the creation and development of SEZ in the Kazakhstan’s economy.

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The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and Unilateralism of Special Economic Zones

Journal of International Economic Law ◽

10.1093/jiel/jgab013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sherzod Shadikhodjaev

Keyword(s):

World Trade ◽

Special Economic Zone ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Export Subsidies ◽

The World ◽

The Status ◽

Economic Zone ◽

A Charge ◽

Economic Zones

ABSTRACT Many governmental incentives unilaterally offered in special economic zones affect competition in international markets and thus fall within the scope of the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Until very recently, products made in such zones could face countervailing duty investigations abroad on a charge of improper subsidization. In 2019, the World Trade Organization issued its first ruling focusing on the legality of certain special economic zone subsidies. In particular, the panel in India—Export Related Measures found fiscal preferences under an Indian scheme to be prohibited export subsidies. This article examines the status of special economic zone incentives under the multilateral subsidy regime, discusses the relevant anti-subsidy practice, and identifies ‘risky’ and ‘safe’ types of support measures that constitute unilateralism of zones in promoting economic activities.

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PENGEMBANGAN WATERFRONT RESORT DI TRANQUIL TANJUNG AAN DI K.E.K MANDALIKA

Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) ◽

10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 2229

Author(s):

Gatot Yoda Kusumah ◽

Liong Ju Tjung ◽

Priyendiswara A.B. Priyendiswara

Keyword(s):

Regional Development ◽

Foreign Exchange ◽

Special Economic Zone ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

Unitary State ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Economic Zone ◽

The Republic ◽

The Government ◽

Economic Zones

Indonesian tourism is an important sector in increasing state revenues. The tourism sector ranks third in terms of foreign exchange earnings. in 2014 The government established tourism as the leading sector in improving the economy to encourage regional development and employment. With the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 39 of 2009 concerning Special Economic Zones, hereinafter referred to as K.E.K is a region with a certain boundary with the jurisdiction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which is determined to carry out economic functions and obtain certain facilities. Kab. Central Lombok is one of the places where there is a K.E, namely K.E.K Mandalika. In order to increase the income of the Lombok region where the development of K.E.K Mandalika is 1,175 ha and the author takes 21 ha of land at K.E.K Mandalika to develop a Resort with a waterfront concept in order to increase Lombok tourism. Based on background problems, the main underlyinh problem is the lack of supporting facilities to support activities in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, therefore the need for accommodation in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone.Abstrak Pariwisata Indonesia menjadi sektor yang penting dalam peningkatan pendapatan Negara. Sektor pariwisata menempati urutan ketiga dalam hal penerimaan devisa. Pemerintah pada tahun 2014 menetapkan pariwisata sebagai leading sektor dalam peningkatan perekonomian untuk mendorong pembangunan daerah dan lapangan pekerjaan. Dengan adanya undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 39 tahun 2009 tentang Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, yang selanjutnya disebut K.E.K (kawasan ekonomi khusus), adalah Kawasan dengan batas tertentu dengan wilayah hukum Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang ditetapkan untuk menyelenggarakan fungsi perekonomian dan memperoleh fasilitas tertentu. Kab. Lombok Tengah merupakan salah satu tempat dimana terdapat K.E.K yakni adalah K.E.K Mandalika. Guna dapat meningkatkan pendapatan daerah lombok dimana Pengembangan K.E.K Mandalika seluas 1.175 ha dan Penulis mengambil 21 ha lahan di K.E.K Mandalika untuk dikembangkan Resort dengan konsep waterfront guna dapat meningkatkan pariwisata lombok. Berdasarkan permasalahan latar belakang, permasalahan utama yang mendasar adalah belum adanya fasilitas pendukung untuk menunjang aktivitas di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika.

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Legal Aspects of Protecting the State Border of the Republic of Poland during Pandemics

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.4272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 189-204

Author(s):

Robert Socha

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

The State ◽

World Health ◽

Border Control ◽

Legal Regulations ◽

The European Union ◽

The World ◽

The Republic ◽

International Threat

The problems raised in this article focus on the issues related to the solutions adopted by the Polish legislator as to the protection of the state border in the context of an international threat. The author presents the legal conditions related to the probability of temporary reintroduction of border control for persons crossing the state border regarded as an internal border of the European Union in the event of a threat to public health. The background for these considerations are legal regulations concerning the change in the organization of the protection of the state border of the Republic of Poland, as introduced due to the World Health Organization’s announcement of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus leading to the COVID-19 disease.

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Legal Aspects of the Egyptian Intervention in Yemen

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223700002454 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 216-248

Author(s):

Meir Ossad

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

The Past ◽

Privileged Position ◽

European Nation ◽

The World ◽

Arab States ◽

The Republic

Most writers discussing pre-Republican Yemen stress its complete isolation from the rest of the world. Those sympathetic to the Republic are anxious to point out that the Imams, or kings, of the country consciously followed a policy of almost hermetic isolation in order to ensure the continuation of the feudal privileges which they and the tribal sheikhs enjoyed. Whether or not this interpretation is accurate it is necessary to point out that some countries, and not only Arab states, had already been in contact with the kingdom for several decades at the time of the 1962 coup.Italy was the first European nation to make a deliberate attempt to develop its relations with Yemen in this century. The Italians, anxious to make their position in Eritreamore secure and, if possible, to gain an economic foothold in Arabia, concluded a Treaty of Amity and Commerce with the Imam on September 2, 1926. From that time, and in spite ofthe disappearance of Italian colonies in East Africa, the Italians have continued to enjoy a somewhat privileged position among Western Europeans in the country. At times during the past few years, they have been almost the only Westerners permitted to remain in Yemen.

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The modern concept of special economic zones in Ukraine

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series ◽

10.2478/bog-2021-0015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (52) ◽

pp. 85-94

Author(s):

Viacheslav Liashenko ◽

Iryna Pidorycheva ◽

Ivan Mytsenko ◽

Nataliia Chebotarova

Keyword(s):

Modern Concept ◽

High Tech ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

Technological Diversification ◽

Smart Specialisation ◽

World Markets ◽

The World ◽

Innovative Products ◽

Strategic Goals ◽

Economic Zones

Abstract The article deals with special economic zones as a tool of state policy of countries seeking to attract foreign investment and ensure economic growth. The aim of the article is to substantiate the new concept of special economic zones of Ukraine as stimulating regulatory regimes aimed at attracting innovative investments and developing new industries based on the smart specialisation of regions and trends in the world economy. The regime is presented as a system of incentives and benefits, mandatory conditions and restrictions, and seeks to increase the investment attractiveness and technological diversification of the economy of the regions and the country as a whole. Each component of the regime has been classified, taking into account best practices of other countries and the strategic goals of Ukraine regarding the need to ensure sustainable and innovative development and to enter the world markets as a manufacturer of high-tech innovative products.

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IMPORTANCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS AND CREATION OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

International scientific journal Internauka ◽

10.25313/2520-2057-2021-16-7566 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Novruze Adilova ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

High Quality ◽

Integrated Development ◽

National Market ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Scientific Technical ◽

The Creation ◽

The Republic ◽

Economic Zones

The article examines the expediency of establishing special economic zones in different regions in order to promote the socio-economic development of the regions in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The article analyzes the implementation of social and scientific-technical goals in the creation of special economic zones, the integrated development of backward regions, the provision of high-quality goods to the national market, increasing the efficiency of production forces and infrastructure.

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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as Opportunity Bearer with Innumerable Hardship: An Overview

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) ◽

10.51872/prjah.vol2.iss1.52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 129-141

Author(s):

Inayatullah Bhatti ◽

Imdad Hussain Sahito

Keyword(s):

Logical Reasoning ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

Economic Zones ◽

The Way

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is one of the huge and promising projects in the history of the world in general and of Pakistan in particular. The significance of this work on CPEC can be gauged that it has discussed few aspects i.e. engagement of Baloch people, special economic zones etc., which are rarely touched by the academia and professionals. This work reviews on different aspects of the project opined by well-known researchers and experts of the field. Through an analytic and logical reasoning this work has elaborated about the opportunities and challenges nagging to this huge project. This paper has found that there are innumerable challenges which government faces to execute and operationalize of this project. But the government is strongly determined to remove these challenges and it has taken some pragmatic initiatives for the eradication of challenges in the way of this very project and ease to develop different projects under the umbrella of CPEC.

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Setting Up of Special Economic Zones in China

Foreign Trade Review ◽

10.1177/0015732515070201 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 3-26

Author(s):

Anil K. Kanungo

Keyword(s):

Economic Activity ◽

Foreign Capital ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

Growth Path ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Set Up ◽

Economic Zones

Establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in China has been a focus of study for many developing countries. It was initiated with a notion of experiment that foreign capital is an important instrument to put the country on a growth path of economic development and modernization while simultaneously integrating the inner regions with the main economic activity and development of the country. The Chinese experience of SEZs turned out to be a success in some sense as it could fulfil the desired goal of the Government. The paper makes an attempt to understand the concept behind this initiative; what political reforms were taken to set up SEZ; how it contributed to the growth of the Chinese economy; how FDI played a role in promoting exports and lastly, more importantly, what policy recommendations it suggests for future establishment of SEZs in China and in rest of the world.

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