scholarly journals French as the Teaching Language of Life and Earth Sciences in Moroccan School: what’s the Teachers’ Opinion?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Sara Ifqiren ◽  
Sabah Selmaoui ◽  
Fatima Ezahra Ait Yahia ◽  
Boujemaa Agorram
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
French Language ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
Teaching Life ◽  
The Subject

The strategic vision for the recent reform in Morocco included the diversification of teaching languages by teaching scientific subjects in French. This starts in pilot’s class teaching scientific subjects in the French language. In this context, the language for teaching Life and Earth Sciences (LES) was changed from Arabic to French. This linguistic change in teaching LES aims to make the learner able to communicate in French in addition to Arabic, and to put an end to the linguistic problem that currently exists when entering universities, that teach these subjects in the French language. In this survey we interested to teachers’ opinions in order to get acquainted with their opinions in teaching Life and Earth Sciences in French for the middle school, and collecting suggestions and solutions to overcome the problem observed in classrooms. We used a questionnaire as an investigative tool for data collection distributed to life and earth sciences’ teachers of middle school. The findings of this research shows that teaching this subject in French forms an obstacle to academic achievement, and classroom interaction, whether in the rural or urban areas. This is due to reasons related to the poor language level of students, the absence of teacher continuous training in teaching the subject in French, and the weakness of the means adopted to make this change in the language of instruction. Among the solutions that have been proposed and used to overcome this educational phenomenon is the preparation of a support plan that includes a program consisting of activities targeting the communicative aspect for learners in French, as well as other activities aimed at providing the learner with skills such as analysis, description, observation and conclusion, while translating scientific words from French into Arabic.

ACCOUNTING REPRESENTATION AND THE SLAVE TRADE: THE GUIDE DU COMMERCE OF GAIGNAT DE L'AULNAIS

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl S. McWatters ◽  
Yannick Lemarchand
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Real World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
French Language ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Language Literature

The Guide du commerce occupies a distinctive place in the French-language literature on accounting. Passed over by most specialists in the history of maritime trade and the slave trade, the manual has never been the subject of a documented historical study. The apparent realism of the examples, the luxury of details and their precision, all bear witness to a deep concern to go beyond a simple apprenticeship in bookkeeping. Promoting itself essentially as “un guide du commerce,” the volume offers strategic examples for small local businesses, as well as for those engaged in international trade. Yet, the realism also demonstrated the expertise of the author in the eyes of potential purchasers. Inspired by the work of Bottin [2001], we investigate the extent to which the manual reflects real-world practices and provides a faithful glimpse into the socio-economic context of the period. Two additional questions are discussed briefly in our conclusion. First, can the work of Gaignat constitute a source document for the history of la traite négrière? The second entails our early deliberations about the place of this volume in the history of the slave trade itself.

scholarly journals Rural–Urban Differences in the Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults of Two Regions in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2818
Author(s):  
Yuri Sasaki ◽  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Ikuma Nozaki ◽  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle School Level

The aim of the study was to investigate rural–urban differences in depressive symptoms in terms of the risk factors among older adults of two regions in Myanmar to provide appropriate intervention for depression depending on local characteristics. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from the two regions, for face-to-face interviews. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Depressive symptoms were positively associated with living in rural areas (B = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12,0.72), female (B = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31,0.79), illness during the preceding year (B = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.45,0.91) and non-Buddhist religion (B = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.001,1.15) and protectively associated with education to middle school level or higher (B = −0.61; 95% CI: −0.94, −0.28) and the frequency of visits to religious facilities (B = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.30, −0.10). In women in urban areas, depressive symptoms were positively associated with illness during the preceding year (B = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.20) and protectively associated with education to middle school level or higher (B = −0.67; 95% CI: −1.23, −0.11), middle or high wealth index (B = −0.92; 95% CI: −1.59, −0.25) and the frequency of visits to religious facilities (B = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.03). In men in rural areas, illness during the preceding year was positively associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.42). In women in rural areas, depressive symptoms were positively associated with illness during the preceding year (B = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.30) and protectively associated with primary education (B = −0.62; 95% CI: −1.12, −0.12) and the frequency of visits to religious facilities (B = −0.44; 95% CI: −0.68, −0.21). Religion and wealth could have different levels of association with depression between older adults in the urban and rural areas and men and women. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional and gender differences in the roles of religion and wealth in Myanmar.

Tra ruralizzazione ed urbanizzazione: progetti integrati cittŕ-campagna

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Alessandra Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Country Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

- Country life is (and has been) the object of utopian visions, set against the rise of urban living. The paradigms of the myth of rural life can be traced back to Howard's Garden City and to Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City. These examples of the paradigm blend into a broader and trans-disciplinary contemporary discourse on the myth of rural living. Since the end of the 1990s, the subject of the relationship between the rural and the urban has developed into plans that could be called ‘country utopias'. The system of agricultural production and the countryside is evolving today towards new forms of integration and hybridisation with urban areas. Planning practices are emerging today in the definition of the characters and traits of urban agriculture designed to create town and country interaction particularly in marginal areas, strips located on the borders between town and country. These modifications are leading to the definition of new rural figures, together with plans capable of giving new life to liminal and marginal areas between town and country by creating new models of ‘rururban' living.

Féminisation linguistique et écriture inclusive: de quelques nouvelles formes langagières du français

2021 ◽  
Vol 9788879169776 ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Françoise Sullet-Nylander
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
French Language ◽  
Inclusive Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

From the 17th century to the present day, the French language has often been the subject of controversies relating to the development of its grammar or its lexicon. The one we are interested in in this article is relatively recent – at least it has expanded in recent years, in the wake of the MeToo movement, in 2017. In France, recent studies on the subject testify to the interest shown in the question, but also to the profound differences regarding the functions of these “new” language forms. The evolution of society is expressed in language, and conversely the language register the transformations of society. Drawing on the reflections of Alpheratz (2018), Cerquiglini (2018) and Viennot (2018), we will first present the different stages of these transformations of the French language, the moments of “tension” around the issue of gender in language, as well as the “principles” of inclusive language. Then, from a corpus of around 200 university emails, we will analyze some of these new language forms in use in this textual genre.

scholarly journals UNE ETUDE DES DETERMINISMES A LA BASE DE L’ECHEC SCOLAIRE LE CAS DES PAYS DU TIERS MONDE(1)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. K. Nzunga
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Culture Of Origin

Fare has been established as a major issue, in primary and secondary schools within the Third World countries. This work sets out to reveal the possible determinants of this phenomenon. A comparison between performance in the rural areas and the urban areas has produced a lot of data on the determinants of school failure and repetition. The researcher seeks to establish the link between failure and the level of intelligence of the learners, the language of instruction, the financial status of the family and the culture of origin. The researcher hopes that by so doing, it would be easier to find a practical and efficient solution, to this problem, which is a great stambling block in the Third World countries.

scholarly journals CATEGORY OF FUTURALITY WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF MODUS CATEGORIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Inga Kirkovs’ka
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
French Language ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Action Event ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Future 2

The aim of the investigation under consideration is to study the nature of the category of futurality within the system of modus categories in the French language. The object of the work is the category of futurality in contemporary French, the subject is the study of the category of futurality in contemporary French within the system of modus categories of evidentiality, modality and persuasiveness. In the course of the study, the distinctions between modality and modus have been outlined, the place of the category of futurality within the modus categories has been identified, the peculiarity of the category of futurality as a modus category has been analysed. Conclusions: the peculiarity of futurality as a modus category is that it belongs to the modus categories denoting action/event, real in the future “in the speaker’s view”. In this sense the category of futurality is closer to the categories of modality (real information stated by the speaker) and predicativity (confidence in the information stated by the speaker) in meaning, whereas differing from them by the semantics of the stated temporality denoting the relation of consequence in reference to the moment of speaking. The category of futurality is connected with other modus categories: category of assertion with semantics of neutral prospection, category of persuasiveness with the seme of assurance in reference to the future and category of modality with the seme of reality in reference to the future. The major types of modal meanings forming the modus category of futurality are: 1) speaker’s estimation of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of reality/irreality in the future; 2) estimation of the environment of the utterance from the perspective of probability/necessity/desirability in the future; 3) speaker’s estimation of the level of assurance (persuasiveness) of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of the future; 4) communicative function of the utterance defined by the purpose of the speaker from the perspective of the future (wish, intention, preference); 5) confirmation/negation of objective relations between objects, phenomena, events of the future. 

scholarly journals Objektivnost različitih načina procjenjivanja školskih pisanih zadaća

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Grgin ◽  
Bogdana Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
School Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done

The investigation was conducted In order to evaluate the objecitivily of the three ways of grading school work: classical way which is used most in schools, then grading with the help of "standard notebook" lor the grade "C" and the grading of work comparatively in pairs. The subject of evaluation was the school work of the third-graders in middle school. Subjects were history and biology, The independent graders were the teachers of these subjects from different middle schools.The results showed that all of these ways of grading do not ensure the same objectivity of grades. The least objective is the classical way, more reliable is one with "standard notebook" and relatively most reliable is the comparison of school work done in pairs.

scholarly journals A vivência da morte pela equipe de saúde que atua no setor de oncologia

Bionorte ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Jacina Santos Dias ◽  
Woochiton Ramos Lopes Pereira ◽  
Leonardo Augusto Couto Finelli
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
The Subject

Objective: Identify the team's difficulties in dealing with the death process of patients under their care. Materials and Methods: the research carried out is classified as exploratory, qualitative, cross-sectional, with a field research design. We interviewed professionals from the health team of the oncology sector, then the data were analyzed from discourse analysisprocedures that sought connections between objects, strategies, concepts and enunciative types. To these data were verified systems of unity and coherence, reached by the analysis of the summary descriptions that were collected. Results: it was verified that there is no preparation offered by the institution so that the professionals learn the best deal with death. Therefore, it is urgent that the question of professional qualification be restored. Conclusion: the need for future research on the subject, which is suggestive of testingproposals and intervention models, such as the continuous training of professionals, is aimed at, among other purposes, the training of health professionals in dealing with process of death and death of its patients.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption among Middle School Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gutierrez Erika Roxana Hernandez ◽  
Martinez Eva Kerena Hernandez ◽  
Alvarez Mireya del Carmen Gonzalez ◽  
Mendoza Alejandra Leja
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban
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