scholarly journals Reliable and Sophisticated Techniques to Evaluate LDPE Degraded Compounds by Streptomyces werraensis SDJM

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Deepika ◽  
R. Jaya Madhuri
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
The World

The modern world in the present era made life miserable due to extensive usage of plastic. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely consumed in every part of the world starting from baby products to garbage bags. Humans and animals are affected due to the usage and disposal of LDPE in the environment. To safeguard the environment from deleterious effects, biodegradation of LDPE was studied by isolating a potent Streptomyces werraensis SDJM strain from garbage soil. The degradation assessment was performed to identify the LDPE degraded compounds such as octane, decane, tetracosane, hexacosane, dotriacontene, tetratiacontene, tridecone, tetracontane, and pentacosane, using a sophisticated technique - liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS). The end product of LDPE biodegradation, carbon dioxide was measured by the GCMS-SPME technique. Field trials in garbage soil for a period of three months reveal 71.26% weight loss compared to laboratory test results where the weight loss was 60.05%. The morphological changes and structural changes of the polymer in fields were assessed by SEM analysis and FTIR analysis after one month of incubation. The test results in field trials were promising and convincing to overcome the LDPE pollution in presence of S.werraensis SDJM strain.

scholarly journals Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Emulsion Sand Fog Seal as a Preventive Pavement Maintenance Method: From Laboratory to Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chichun Hu ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jianying Zhao ◽  
Zhen Leng ◽  
Wanwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Pendulum Test ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy Resin ◽  
Sand Size

To preserve the existing asphalt pavement and extend its service life, various preventive maintenance methods, such as chip seal, slurry seal, fog seal, and microsurfacing, have been commonly applied. Sand fog seal is one of such maintenance methods, which is based on the application of bitumen emulsion and sand. Thus, its performance is largely dependent on the properties of the bitumen emulsion and sand. This study aims to develop an improved sand fog seal method by using waterborne epoxy resin as an emulsion modifier. To this end, both laboratory tests and field trials were conducted. In the laboratory, the wet track abrasion and British pendulum test were performed to determine the optimum sand size for the sand fog seal, and the rubbing test was carried out to evaluate the wearing resistance of the sealing material. In the field, pavement surface regularity before and after the sand fog seal application was measured using the 3 m straightedge method, and the surface macrotexture and skid resistance were evaluated with the sand patch method and British pendulum test, respectively. The laboratory test results indicated that the optimum sand size range is 0.45–0.9 mm, and the sand fog seal with waterborne epoxy resin showed good wearing resistance and skid resistance. The field test results verified that both the pavement texture and skid resistance were substantially improved after sand fog sealing.

Shear Strength of BC-Soil Admixed with Lime and Bio-Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
C. Jairaj ◽  
M.T. Prathap Kumar ◽  
H. Muralidhara
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content

This BC Soil are expansive in nature and are problematic because of low shear strength and high compressibility. Review of literatures have proven that addition of lime imparts high strength with a corresponding reduction in swell of BC soils. In addition, Bio-enzymes have also been found to play a key role as activators in improving the characteristics of clayey soils such as BC soil. Development and use of non-traditional ground improvement techniques such as bio-enzymes in combination with lime for soil stabilization helps to reduce the cost and the detrimental effects on the soil environment. In the present study lime and bio-enzymes were used as soil stabilizing agents. Compaction test results on BC soil admixed with different percent of lime indicated that 3% addition lime gives higher maximum dry density of 17kN/m3 with OMC of 21% compare to other addition of lime percentages. Keeping 3% of lime as optimum lime content(OLC), BC Soil was admixed with different dosages of Bio-enzymes 25ml/m3, 50ml/m3, 100 ml/m3,150ml/m3, and 200ml/m3 along with OLC was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength(UCC). Further UCC test was carried out for different curing period of 0, 7, 15, 30, and 60 Days to analyse the long term effect of BC soil admixed with bio-enzymes with and without lime content. Morphological and chemical analysis was done by using XRD and SEM analysis, from all the test results it was found that 3%OLC + 75ml/m3 of bio-enzymes for 7 day of curing gives higher UCC of 450 kPa. From the SEM it was found that better bond between particles found to develop in bio-enzyme+ lime admixed BC soil in comparison with lime alone admixed BC soil. XRD studies indicated morphological changes in crystallinity and structure of stabilized BC soil in comparison to BC soil alone.

Development of Proposed European Design Rules for Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylinders

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Geometric Imperfections ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Thin axially compressed cylinders are used in a wide range of civil engineering shell structures: towers, chimneys, tanks and silos. Design standards throughout in the world differ considerably in their strength predictions, and all are based on empirical lower bounds to laboratory test results. The chief reason for the scatter in strength assessments is the sensitivity to geometric imperfections, which naturally vary from one laboratory to another and according to the method of fabrication. This paper sets out some of the development behind the new proposed rules for the European standard on Strength and Stability of Shells. These rules cover cylinder buckling under axial compression alone, and the strength of internally pressurised cylinders. The design strengths are related to recent calculated buckling strengths, and an attempt is made to indicate the appropriate relationship between design assumed imperfections and tolerances during construction.

scholarly journals Innovation system fetures of Iceland

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
I.S. Balanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The global financial crisis has put the question to practically all countries of the world to take on the inevitable changes and take the negative consequences of the financial downturn, or to accept new revolutionary changes in all sectors of the economy and become modern competitive states, able to withstand the challenges of the modern world. Some countries have left everything as it is, others have tried to adapt to the new situation. One of these countries is Iceland. The state began structural changes many decades ago, but the crisis events of 2008 somehow accelerated this process. The post-crisis plan for the country’s exit from the financial crisis and the recovery of the economy at pre-crisis positions was adopted; subsequently, the targets were adjusted improvement of pre-crisis indicators. The essence of the plan was to make full use of the country’s natural resources for the benefit of the state, namely: tourism, geothermal energy, the fishing industry, as well as biotechnology and pharmaceuticals were to become the basic “pillars” on which the national economy was based. An intelligent approach along with original ideas has brought its positive results: over the years Iceland has become one of the leaders in Europe for a number of indicators, namely: annual tourist flow, production and export of fish, use of renewable energy sources for their own needs, life expectancy, etc. In 2018, the government of Iceland created a new state development plan aimed at consolidating the results of previous years and improving individual indicators. It was decided to pay more attention to the latest innovation processes both in the state and in the world as a whole, as well as the development and support of innovative enterprises to update all components of the Icelandic economic system. Judging by the pace of development shown by this northern country, the results from the implementation of the points of the new plan will be more than positive

Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgical Assistive Instrument for Accurate Remnant Stomach Volume

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad H. Elhajj ◽  
Nancy Dib ◽  
Sally Antoun ◽  
Georges Al-Hajj
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Remnant Stomach ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stomach Volume

Sleeve gastrectomy, which is based on reducing the size of the stomach, is one of the most successful bariatric surgeries and is yet to be standardized. One of the reasons is the lack of a method to obtain an accurate remnant stomach volume. The weight loss obtained postsurgery is highly correlated with the remnant stomach volume. Therefore, it is important to get consistently an accurate remnant stomach volume to be able to compare sleeve gastrectomy with other surgeries and in order to predict the weight loss. In addition, the measurement of the pyloric pressure is important for understanding the mechanism of weight loss and predicting complication postsurgery. A surgical assistive device for sleeve gastrectomy surgery is presented in this paper. The purpose of this instrument is to assist surgeons in obtaining an accurate remnant stomach volume and in measuring the pyloric pressure. The device consists of several inflatable compartments controllable by the surgeon. Prototype laboratory test results gave an accuracy of 96.7% and a repeatability of 97.6% for different desired volumes using air for compartment inflation, and an accuracy of 96.3% and a repeatability of 98.4% for different desired volumes using water for compartment inflation. The pressure measurement accuracies obtained are 96.8% using air and 99.7% using water. It is worth noting that these accuracies are expected to differ when the device is tested in vivo.

scholarly journals Technological Cooperation Trends Under Conditions of the Modern World Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.15) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Anatol’evna Navrotskaia ◽  
Ekaterina Alexandrovna Kovaleva ◽  
Elena Vyacheslavovna Zenkina ◽  
Gozel’ Muradovna Kutlyeva ◽  
Tatyana Vyacheslavovna Bogacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Production ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
The World

The authors emphasized key specific features of technological cooperation under conditions of the modern world economy and analyze modern trends of the world production ties development in high and medium technological economic sectors. They generalized main trends of technological cooperation development in the light of structural changes in the world economy, innovative production process and specific features of regional labor division.  It was concluded that structural changes in the world economy, an innovative production process and specific features of regional labor division formed a new location of the world production, an architecture and motivation of technological cooperation in the hi-tech and economic sectors. It was emphasized that an analysis of technological cooperation development for Russia should be performed with account of the mentioned world tendencies and special features of the national economy. 

scholarly journals Active Charcoal from Palm Kernel Shells as a Catalyst in The Production of Biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Erna Astuti ◽  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Gita Indah Budiarti ◽  
Ayu Citra Dewi ◽  
Mar'atul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Palm kernel shells are one of the main wastes for processing of palm oil. Palm kernel shells are waste that can be used as a catalyst in the biodiesel production. Besides many natural ingredients, the price of catalyst prepared from these materials is also relatively cheap compared to other catalysts, make the biodiesel production more sustainable, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to make activated carbon from palm shell through the process of carbonization and chemical activation. The carbonization process was carried out at 550oC for 3 hours until charcoal was formed. While the activation process was carried out using ZnCl2 activators with concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M and 1 M which were activated for 4 hours at 90oC.  Based on the results of the FTIR analysis the presence of O-H and C-O bonds indicates that the carbon produced from the palm kernel shell tends to be polar (volatile). Thus the charcoal produced can be used as catalyst in the biodiesel production. For the SEM test results, it can be seen morphologically that more pore crystals are added and are still brittle at a ZnCl2 concentration of 0.1 M. Based on FTIR and SEM analysis, the best activated charcoal was activated charcoal with a concentration of 0.25 M ZnCl2.

scholarly journals Biosorben Daun Ketapang dengan Pengaktifan Asam Sitrat sebagai Pereduksi Merkuri

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Muhammad Aulia Fadhil ◽  
Fariz Maulana Akbar ◽  
Annissa Millenia Ramadhani ◽  
Isna Syauqiah
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition

South Kalimantan has a gold mining industry that produces waste that can pollute the environment and is harmful to public health. One of the hazardous contaminants contained in the gold mining industry is mercury. This study aims to make biosorbent of ketapang leaves which will be used to reduce mercury content in gold mining waste.. The study began with washing the ketapang leaves to remove the impurities and then dried 3-4 days under the sun to reduce the water content. The next step is a simple carbonization process by using furnaces at a temperature of 300 oC for 30 minutes as the optimum operating condition so that activated carbon is formed called BDK. In the final stage, the biosorbent of ketapang leaves with 0.1 N citric acid was activated to produce biosorbent of ketapang leaves called BDK-COOH. The test results were carried out by SEM and FTIR analysis. The results of SEM analysis showed biosorbents that form large and large pores caused by carbonization and activation processes. Likewise, the results of FTIR analysis formed an active functional group to absorb heavy metals in terms of shifting absorption bands shown by FTIR. However, the adsorption capacity of biosorbent has not been determined so that further research is needed to find out.

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

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