Educated Females Participation In Labor Market: The Role Of Structural Barriers

Females’ proportion is increasing at higher levels of education in Pakistan but educated female’s employment is not increasing in consonance with their level of education. The main purpose of the present research is to explore the structural barriers of educated females regarding their participation in labor market. A sample of 251 female respondents was selected from University of Gujrat through stratified random sampling technique to conduct survey. A well-structured questionnaire was administered by the researcher to collect data from the respondents. Logistic regression was applied to examine independent effect of variables. To find out significance of various independent variables, dependent variable was cross examined by using chi- square method. Findings of Logistic regression revealed that structural factors were 3.3 times more likely to exhibit favorable attitude towards female employment, whereas respondents with highly supportive family’s normative factors were 2.9 times more likely to have favorable attitude towards female employment. The study suggested that there is still need to do more studies as well as large scale cross sectional house hold national surveys on this topic and there should be a mechanism to develop awareness campaign strategies to create awareness by using different channels including media, NGOs, and some other concerned departments to minimize structural factors and enhance female labor force participation.

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Cross-Sectional Association between Hypercholesterolemia and Knee Pain in the Elderly with Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10050933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 933

Author(s):

Byung Woo Cho ◽

Du Seong Kim ◽

Hyuck Min Kwon ◽

Ick Hwan Yang ◽

Woo-Suk Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

National Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis

Few studies have reported the relationship between knee pain and hypercholesterolemia in the elderly population with osteoarthritis (OA), independent of other variables. The aim of this study was to reveal the association between knee pain and metabolic diseases including hypercholesterolemia using a large-scale cohort. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and the Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V, VI-1; 2010–2013). Among the subjects aged ≥60 years, 7438 subjects (weighted number estimate = 35,524,307) who replied knee pain item and performed the simple radiographs of knee were enrolled. Using multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, variables affecting knee pain were identified, and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Of the 35,524,307 subjects, 10,630,836 (29.9%) subjects experienced knee pain. Overall, 20,290,421 subjects (56.3%) had radiographic OA, and 8,119,372 (40.0%) of them complained of knee pain. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that among the metabolic diseases, only hypercholesterolemia was positively correlated with knee pain in the OA group (OR 1.24; 95% Confidence Interval 1.02–1.52, p = 0.033). There were no metabolic diseases correlated with knee pain in the non-OA group. This large-scale study revealed that in the elderly, hypercholesterolemia was positively associated with knee pain independent of body mass index and other metabolic diseases in the OA group, but not in the non-OA group. These results will help in understanding the nature of arthritic pain, and may support the need for exploring the longitudinal associations.

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Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/5102329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽

Frehiwot Mesfin ◽

Bezatu Mengiste ◽

Adane Tesfaye ◽

Lemma Getacher

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

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Data-Driven Decision Making and Proactive Citizen–Scientist Communication: A Cross-Sectional Study on COVID-19 Vaccination Adherence

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9121384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1384

Author(s):

Emil Syundyukov ◽

Martins Mednis ◽

Linda Zaharenko ◽

Eva Pildegovica ◽

Ieva Danovska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Data Driven ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Digital Platform ◽

Factors Associated

Due to the severe impact of COVID-19 on public health, rollout of the vaccines must be large-scale. Current solutions are not intended to promote an active collaboration between communities and public health researchers. We aimed to develop a digital platform for communication between scientists and the general population, and to use it for an exploratory study on factors associated with vaccination readiness. The digital platform was developed in Latvia and was equipped with dynamic consent management. During a period of six weeks 467 participants were enrolled in the population-based cross-sectional exploratory study using this platform. We assessed demographics, COVID-19-related behavioral and personal factors, and reasons for vaccination. Logistic regression models adjusted for the level of education, anxiety, factors affecting the motivation to vaccinate, and risk of infection/severe disease were built to investigate their association with vaccination readiness. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model, factors associated with vaccination readiness were anxiety (odds ratio, OR = 3.09 [95% confidence interval 1.88; 5.09]), feelings of social responsibility (OR = 1.61 [1.16; 2.22]), and trust in pharmaceutical companies (OR = 1.53 [1.03; 2.27]). The assessment of a large number of participants in a six-week period show the potential of a digital platform to create a data-driven dialogue on vaccination readiness.

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The Patterns and Social Determinants of Breastfeeding in 12 Selected Regions in China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334419868156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 436-447

Author(s):

Zhe Fang ◽

Yuning Liu ◽

Hanyu Wang ◽

Kun Tang

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Population Based ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Annual Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Determinants Of Breastfeeding

Background With rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is a growing need for women to enter the workforce, and affluent people are drawn to the infant formula market. The breastfeeding rates in China are below the optimal level. Large scale quantitative research studying breastfeeding practices after 2015 in China are lacking. Research aim We aimed to (1) explore the latest patterns and (2) identify the determinants of breastfeeding in China. Methods The study was a population-based, cross-sectional survey. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the selection of participants. We recruited 10,408 mothers with children under 12 months old, in 12 regions of China, and conducted a questionnaire survey about breastfeeding patterns. The associations between social and biophysical determinants and breastfeeding outcomes were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 29.32% ( n = 3,052) decreasing from 32.71% ( n = 3,404) to 15.83% ( n = 1,648) among children aged 0–5 months. Cesarean section had a negative association with early breastfeeding initiation ( OR = .33, 95% CI [.30, .36]), exclusive breastfeeding ( OR = .78, 95% CI [.69, .89]), and predominant breastfeeding ( OR = .73, 95% CI [.65, .83]). Compared to participants with an annual household income lower than 40,000 Yuan ($5,817 USD), those with over 100,000 Yuan ($14,542 USD) had an OR of .78 (95% CI [.67, .90]) in exclusive breastfeeding. Compared with illiterate and unemployed groups, middle/high school education and a current work status, respectively, were associated with a lower likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding ( OR = .73, 95% CI [.63, .84]; OR = .58, 95% CI [.37, .89]). Conclusions The prevalence of breastfeeding in 12 selected regions in China was low and interventions focusing on the targeted population should be strengthened.

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Predictors of Traditional Medical Practices in Illness Behavior in Northwestern Ethiopia: An Integrated Model of Behavioral Prediction Based Logistic Regression Analysis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/4186064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abenezer Yared

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Integrated Model ◽

Illness Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Medical Practices ◽

The People ◽

Behavioral Prediction ◽

Normative Response

This study aimed at investigating traditional medical beliefs and practices in illness behavior as well as predictors of the practices in Gondar city, northwestern Ethiopia, by using the integrated model of behavioral prediction. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted to collect data through interviewer administered structured questionnaires from 496 individuals selected by probability proportional to size sampling technique. Unadjusted bivariate and adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and the results indicated that sociocultural predictors of normative response and attitude as well as psychosocial individual difference variables of traditional understanding of illness causation and perceived efficacy had statistically significant associations with traditional medical practices. Due to the influence of these factors, majority of the study population (85%) thus relied on both herbal and spiritual varieties of traditional medicine to respond to their perceived illnesses, supporting the conclusion that characterized the illness behavior of the people as mainly involving traditional medical practices. The results implied two-way medicine needs to be developed with ongoing research, and health educations must take the traditional customs into consideration, for integrating interventions in the health care system in ways that the general public accepts yielding a better health outcome.

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The Relationship between Sex Education and Sexual Behaviour in Adolescents

Mutiara Medika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.18196/mmjkk.v21i2.11744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 110-116

Author(s):

Nofi Susanti ◽

Reinpal Falefi ◽

Tri Bayu Purnama

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sex Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Limited Information ◽

Adolescent Sexual Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Adolescent sexual behavior remains a global problem with high reports of cases of adolescents behaving freely. The lack of knowledge about sexuality is caused by limited information, services, and advocacy. There has not been a reproductive health curriculum for adolescents in schools. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between sex education and sexual behavior in adolescents. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling was taken using a total sampling technique. The sample included all students of class X and XI, with a total of 102 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression. Bivariate analysis results showed that there was a relationship between sex education by parents, teachers, peers, and social media and sexual behavior. The results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression tests showed that sex education provided by parents was the most substantial relationship with sexual behavior. The study concluded that parents, teachers, and social media were associated with sex education. Extensive sex education from other trusted information could reduce pre-marital sexual activity among adolescents. Elaborating on external factors would implicate a good attitude and behavior in students.

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GANGGUAN FUNGSI GINJAL PADA IBU HAMIL PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT DENGAN DISLIPIDEMIA DI RSUD KELAS B SERANG

Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi ◽

10.22435/kespro.v11i1.2560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Muttia Amalia ◽

Erna Harfiani ◽

Aulia Chairani

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Renal Function ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Blood Lipid Profile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

End Organ Damage ◽

Class B

Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Dyslipidemia in severely preeclamptic women will develop end-organ damage due to endothelial dysfunction. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between blood lipid profile and renal function in severely preeclamptic women at RSUD Class B Serang district, January-December 2018. Method: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Conducted using total sampling technique, 103 pregnant women were included from medical records. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and logistic regression. Result: Correlation analysis indicates that HDL level (<60mg/dL) and LDL level (>160 mg/dL) had a significant impact in the alteration of urea and creatinine level in severe PE. Logistic regression analysis signifies that only decreased level of HDL had a significant partial impact on increasing creatinine levels (p=0,013 OR=1,107). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was in severe PE women there was an increased level of TG and LDL, with a decreased level of HDL. Dyslipidemia in severe PE women will lead to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which further will cause alteration in glomerulus structure and disturbance of renal function. Keywords: dyslipidemia, creatinine, severe PE, urea Abstrak Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia (PE) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian ibu dan bayi di negara berkembang. Dislipidemia pada ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat (PEB) akan menyebabkan end-organ damage akibat disfungsi endotel. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai hubungan antara profil lipid darah terhadap gangguan fungsi ginjal pada ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia berat di RSUD Kelas B Serang periode Januari – Desember 2018. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Menggunakan teknik total sampling, sebanyak 103 sampel diambil dari data rekam medik. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Hasil korelasi menunjukkan bahwa kadar HDL yang lebih rendah (<60 mg/dL) dan kadar LDL yang lebih tinggi (>160 mg/dL) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada bumil dengan PEB. Analisis regresi logistik memperlihatkan bahwa hanya kadar HDL yang menurun memiliki hubungan parsial yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kadar kreatinin (p=0,013 OR=1,107). Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa telah ditemukan peningkatan kadar trigliserida (TG) dan LDL serta penurunan kadar HDL pada bumil dengan PEB. Dislipidemia pada PEB akan menyebabkan stres oksidasi dan disfungsi endotel yang selanjutnya akan menyebabkan perubahan struktur glomerulus dan perubahan fungsi ginjal Kata kunci: dislipidemia, kreatinin, PEB, ureum

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Three-fourth of children is received early initiation of Breastfeeding in West Belessa District

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18399/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Desalew Degu Ayalew ◽

Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie ◽

Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw ◽

Kassahun Alemu ◽

Aysheshim Kassahun Belew

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Postnatal Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Early Initiation ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Antenatal And Postnatal Care

Abstract Background : The world is now suffering from malnutrition and remains one of the major causes of under-five mortality. Children from developing countries, including Ethiopia also suffer from undernutrition due to suboptimal breastfeeding practice. Hence, the study aims were to assess early initiation of breastfeeding among children aged less than two years, months in West Belessa district, North West Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2019 in the West Belessa district. A total of 569 Children was selected by a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by using Epi-Info version 7 and SPPS version 20, respectively. Bi-variable logistic regression analysis was used to check predictor variables associated with the dependent variable. Variables having a p-value of less than 0.20 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted into the multivariable model. Multivariable binary logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval and Odds Ratio (OR) were computed. Variables having p-value < 0.05 were taken as significantly associated with the dependent variables. Result : The prevalence of EIBF was 77.7 % (95%CI, 74.3-81.0). Age of the mother (AOR= 2.76, 95%CI (1.21, 6.27)), postnatal Visit (AOR= 1.85, 95%CI (1.03, 3.85)), and Antenatal care (AOR= 2.58, 95%CI (1.18, 9.94)) was significantly associated with EIBF. Conclusion and Recommendation: We observed, the prevalence of early initiation of Breastfeeding was low in West Belessa District. Age of the mother, Antenatal and postnatal care were associated with EIBF. Hence, improving antenatal and postnatal care services through increase accessibility and providing counseling during this contact time. Keywords: early initiation of breastfeeding, Children, West Belessa

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Proportion of Immediate Postpartum Anaemia and Associated Factors among Postnatal Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2020/8979740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Asenake Abebaw ◽

Temesgen Worku Gudayu ◽

Bayew Kelkay

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants

Background. Anaemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. Postpartum anaemia hurts both maternal and newborn baby health. Anaemia in pregnancy is sufficiently emphasized; however, very little attention has been paid to postpartum anaemia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Debre Markos Referral Hospital. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 study participants from August 1st to October 30th, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected through both face-to-face interview and maternal chart review by using a pretested questionnaire. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered using Epi Data version 4.6.0.0 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. First, binary logistic regression was applied to identify candidate variables for multivariable regression. Then, variables at p value <0.2 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to control possible confounders. Finally, variables at p value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was 24.3%. Frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits <4 times [AOR = 2.40; 95% CI (1.29, 4.43)], antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [AOR = 5.08; 95% CI (1.91, 13.55)], postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) [AOR = 4.47; 95% CI (2.25, 8.88)], giving birth assisted by instruments (vacuum or forceps) [AOR = 3.99; 95% CI (1.42, 11.23)], poor adherence to iron and folic acid (IFA) [AOR = 2.52; 95% CI (1.06, 6.04)], and midupper arm circumference (MUAC) <23 cm [AOR = 3.25; 95% CI (1.87, 5.65)] were the predictors. Conclusion. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was a moderate public health concern. ANC, APH, PPH, mode of delivery, adherence to IFA supplementation, and MUAC measurement were the factors affecting the magnitude of anaemia. Therefore, interventions that would address the above mentioned factors need to be implemented.

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Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Academic Staff of Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Clinical Medicine Insights Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1177/1179544120974671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117954412097467

Author(s):

Habtamu Meaza ◽

Melaku Hailu Temesgen ◽

Getachew Redae ◽

Teklehaimanot Tekle Hailemariam ◽

Abayneh Alamer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Academic Staff ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Working Hours ◽

Female Gender ◽

Developed Countries ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mekelle University

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a leading cause of morbidity, low productivity. Thus; not only affecting the individual’s quality of life; it also creates a burden in the health system and affects the productivity of their institution and the country at large. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among academic staff in developed countries ranges from 47% to 85%. However, there was a scarce of studies in developing country, particularly in the study area. Purpose: the aim of the research was to assess the burden of musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among Mekelle University academic staff. Patients and Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was enrolled on 449 participants with a response rate of 92.2%. Multistage sampling technique was deployed to select representatives. Participants under the selected schools, institutes and departments were selected using random sampling method. Data was collected through face to face interview using structured and standardized Nordic questionnaire by trained data collectors at Mekelle University. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. In bivariate logistic regression variables which have P value of <.25 were modeled to multivariate logistic regression. Those variables with P-value of <.05 with 95% CI in multivariate model were taken as statistically significant. Results: This study found that burden of musculoskeletal pain among Mekelle University academic staff in the previous 12 month was 65.2%, and in the last 7 days was 29%. Neck pain (41.5%) was most prevalent followed by low back pain (40.3%). Female gender (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.58-5.76), Body mass index ⩾25 (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.15-11.39), working hours per day (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.54-6.38), and physical inactivity (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.69-7.16), were the independent factors positevly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: The burden of musculoskeletal pain among Mekelle University academic staff was common. Female gender, being overweight and obese, working >5 hours per day, and being physically inactive increase the odds of experiencing musculoskeletal pains among academicians. Therefore the university authorities and all academicians are recommended that to take preventable measures of musculoskeletal pain.

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