scholarly journals The Optimization Of Cellulose Content In Tobacco Stems (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) With Acid Extraction Method And Alkaline Extraction Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto ◽  
Winda Amilia ◽  
Vina Julie Dwi Sinta
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Nicotiana Tabaccum ◽  
Hemicellulose Content

Tobacco stems are the agricultural waste of tobacco crops that have the potential to be utilized. Use of tobacco stems in general, only in the leave of disposal without handling. Tobacco stems have the opportunity as a source of cellulose because they have a relatively high content of cellulose. The use of proper methods also plays an important role in extracting cellulose on tobacco stems. The research aims to determine the efficiency levels of cellulose extract from tobacco stems (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) with acid extraction methods and alkaline extraction. The research used a complete randomized design with a repeated trial of 2 times. The results showed the alkaline method of producing the best results against the rendemen testing parameters, water content, hemicellulose content, cellulose content, lignin content and FTIR spectroscopy. Yield test, moisture content, hemicellulose content, cellulose content and lignin content was at the best in the alkaline extraction with a concentration of 12% the yield of 43.63%; water content of 7.54%; hemicellulose content 14.33%; cellulose content 46.17%; and 2.83% lignin content. FTIR spectroscopy test shows that all treatments have important and specific function groups on cellulose such as – OH, C-H, and-CH2, so that samples were identified of cellulose.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GELATIN FROM DUCK BONE AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF HALAL GELATIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habbib Khirzin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Alternative Sources

Gelatin is an intermediate ingredient which is oftenly used in many field such as food, pharmacy, and cosmetics. It is usually extracted from pig and cow. Halal issue of gelatin sources and the outbreaks of mad cow diseases encouraged people to find an alternative sources of gelatin. One of the alternative sources of gelatin was duck bone. The aim of this research was to describe physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin which is extracted by using acid extraction method as an alternative sources of halal gelatin. The extraction of duck bone gelatin used 5% concentration of HCl (hydrochloric acid). The extraction process consisted of four steps, they were degreassing, defating, demineralization, and acid extraction. The result showed that gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had these several characteristic: yield of 6.24%, pH 4.0, water content of 13.43%, ash content of 13.42%, protein content of 65.43%, and whiteness degree of 30.35%. Generally, gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had similar characteristic with commercial gelatin and SNI standard. Further researcher had been suggested to reoptimized extraction method in order to reduce ash content.

scholarly journals Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Preliminary hydrolysis and fermentation studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
WHINY HARDIYATI ERLIANA ◽  
Tri Widjaja ◽  
ALI ALTWAY ◽  
LILY PUDJIASTUTI
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Acid Fermentation

Abstract. Erliana WH, Widjaja T, Altway A, Pudjiastuti L. 2020. Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Hydrolysis and fermentation studies. Biodiversitas 21: 2281-2288. The increasing problems of global energy and the environment are the main reasons for developing products with new techniques through green methods. Sugar palm trunk waste (SPTW) has potential as agricultural waste because of its abundant availability, but it is not used optimally. This study was aimed to determine the effect of various microorganisms on increasing lactic acid production by controlling pH and temperature conditions in the fermentation process. SPTW contains 43.88% cellulose, 7.24% hemicellulose, and 33.24% lignin. The lignin content in SPTW can inhibit reducing sugar formation; the pretreatment process should remove this content. In the study, the pretreatment process was conducted using acid-organosolv. In the acid pretreatment, 0.2 M H2SO4 was added at 120oC for 40 minutes; organosolv pretreatment using 30% ethanol (v/v) at 107oC for 33 minutes was able to increase cellulose content by 56.33% and decrease lignin content by 27.09%. The pretreatment was followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis process with a combination of commercial cellulase enzymes from Aspergillus niger (AN) and Trichoderma reesei (TR), with variations of 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The best reducing sugar concentration was obtained with an AN: TR ratio of 1:2 to form reducing sugar from cellulose. Subsequently, lactic acid fermentation was carried out using lactic acid bacteria at 37oC and pH 6 incubated for 48 hours. The highest lactic acid concentration (33.292 g/L) was obtained using a mixed culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis to convert reducing sugar become lactic acid.

scholarly journals Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using anaerobic Clostridium species

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
A. Sanusi ◽  
A.A. Farouq ◽  
A.Y. Bazata ◽  
A.D. Ibrahim ◽  
I. Mas’ud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Microbial Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Clostridium Species

Interest in the area of biomass based-product production is increasing all over the world due to the environmental challenges posed by fossil fuel and fear of its extinction. Production of biofuel and other compounds especially from agricultural waste can reduce these environmental problems because of its sustainability and environmentally friendliness. One of the major petrochemical product widely used in many industries is 2,3-butanediol and was found to be produced from agricultural wastes by microorganisms. Therefore, Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using Clostridium species was investigated in this research. Structural composition of the rice husk was determined before and after pretreatment. Hemicellulose and lignin content of rice husk was determined after extraction while cellulose was determined as the difference from the extractives, hemicelluloses and lignin. Dilute (2%) NaOH was used for the pretreatment of rice husk. Hydrolysis was carried out using Aspergillus niger and reducing sugar released was determined using standard method with UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Clostridium species was isolated from sugarcane bagasse, identified using basic morphological and molecular biology techniques. The fermentation of rice husk was performed using the Clostridium species. Fermentation by-product was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass-spectrometry. Cellulose content increased from 32% before pretreatment to 53.3% after pretreatment, lignin increased from 8.4% before pretreatment to 30.7% after pretreatmemt and hemicellulose decreased from 30% before pretreatment to 8% after pretreatment. A total of 1.05 g/l of reducing sugar was released after enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice husk with Aspergillus niger. Alcohol 2,3-butanediol (0.6%) and Furfuryl alcohol (0.45%) were detected in the by-product of fermentation. Other compounds detected are fatty acids that ranges from C16 to C25 with 9,12-Octadecanoic acid as the major fatty acid. From the results of this work, Rice husk was found to have substantial amount of sugar (cellulose and hemicelluce) that can be converted to valuable product including 2,3-butanediol. Keywords: Biofuel, Bio-refinary, Cellulose, Clostrudium, fermentation.

Preparation and Characterization of Silica Gel from Bagasse Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchira Channoy ◽  
Somchai Maneewan ◽  
Chantana Punlek ◽  
Surapong Chirarattananon
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Sugarcane bagasse is an agricultural waste that is potentially used as natural silica resources. Natural silica claimed to be safe in handing, cheap and can be generate from cheap resource. In the objectives of this study were to prepared silica from Sugarcane bagasse. The preparation of Sugarcane bagasse ash by burning at 700 °C for 4 and 6 h, respectively in atmosphere. The result of X-ray florescent: XRF, silica content which was obtained after heat treatment at 700 °C for 6 h was 80.814 wt%. Bagasse ash was purified by alkaline extraction method with 1.5, 2 and 2.5 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH), respectively. And refluxed by using concentrated 2 N sulfuric acid. From X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the obtained products were amorphous silica, 2.5 N sodium hydroxide. The morphology was observed by SEM, sphere and average particles dimension of synthesis silica with 1.5, 2 and 2.5 N NaOH are 120, 100 and 80 nm respectively. The SEM micrographs showed that the Concentration of NaOH was increased, the particles dimension decreased

scholarly journals ANALISIS LIGNIN, SELULOSA DAN HEMI SELULOSA JERAMI JAGUNG HASIL DI FERMENTASI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE DENGAN MASA INKUBASI YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail Pasue ◽  
E Salah
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research objective was to find out the different incubation period at the making of cron straw fermentation with Trichoderma viride based on the content of lignin, cellulse, and  hemicellulse.  The researchwas conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were fermentation P0 = cron straw without incubation; P1 =  cron straw with 1 week  incubation; P2 = cron straw with 2- week  incubation; P3 = cron straw with 3- week  incubation.  The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and having an advenced test using the Duncan test. The finding of researsh revealed that the fermentation of cron straw using Trichoderma viride with differnt incubation period had a significant effect (P0.01) on the content of of lignin, cellulse, and  hemicellulse. The lowest lignin content was found in treatment P2 (8.57b), the lowest cellulose content was found in treatment P0 (32.96 b), P1 (32.93 b, and P2 (32.48 b), and the lowest hemicellulose content was foud intreatment P2 (11.78 c) and P3 (12.27 c). To conlude, the best incubtiontperiod for fermentationof cron straw with Trichoderma viride was 2 weeks (treatment P2)

A STUDY OF METHODS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF NITROGENOUS MATERIAL FROM PLANTS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SUBSEQUENT DETERMINATION OF THE LIGNIN CONTENT

1948 ◽  
Vol 26b (6) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. DeLong ◽  
D. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Continuous Extraction ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Subsequent Determination

A study has been made of methods for the removal of nitrogenous constituents from plant tissues prior to determination of their lignin contents. It was found that substitution of a continuous extraction method for the usual treatment with hot 1% hydrochloric acid had little effect on the amount of lignin isolated but apparently lowered its methoxyl content. Continuous extraction thus appears to cause some demethoxylation of lignin. Treatment with cold 5% acetic acid apparently can be substituted for the hot 1% hydrochloric acid extraction with very young but not with older, undried tissue. Ether saturated water was found to be the most satisfactory nonacid extractant for removal of nitrogen-containing material from young undried tissues. Upwards of 90% of the original nitrogen can be removed from such material by three extractions with this solvent. With older tissues or with material that has been dried, this proportion of the nitrogen cannot be removed except by extraction with hot dilute mineral acid.

Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽  
Annisa Mufida ◽  
Edwin Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

scholarly journals Biosorption of Pb(II) Using Coffee Pulp as a Sustainable Alternative for Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6066
Author(s):  
Dora Luz Gómez-Aguilar ◽  
Juan Pablo Rodríguez-Miranda ◽  
Deisy Baracaldo-Guzmán ◽  
Octavio José Salcedo-Parra ◽  
Javier Andrés Esteban-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Development Goals

The present research shows the results obtained from the biosorption process of Pb, using coffee pulp as a biosorbent in synthetic waters. To do this, the lignin and cellulose content and the percentage of removal of Pb2+ ions was determined; additionally, the sorption’s optimal variables, such as the optimum pH, the point of zero charge (pHpzc), the kinetics and the adsorption isotherm, were determined. A comparison was made with other by-products derived from coffee crops. According to the results obtained in this research, the cellulose percentage was 29.12 ± 0.22% and the lignin percentage was 19.25 ± 0.16% in the coffee pulp, the optimum pH was 2.0 units and the kinetic model, which adjusted to the biosorption’s process, was the pseudo-second order of Ho and McKay, presenting an isotherm of Langmuir’s model and pHpzc of 3.95 units. Lastly, the removal of the pollutant was 86.45%, with a capacity of maximum adsorption of 24.10 mg·g−1 obtained with a particle size of 180 µm, time of contact of 105 min and at 100 RPM. Finally, we express that (a) the coffee pulp can be used as a sustainable alternative for the removal of the pollutant mentioned in synthetic and/or industrial wastewater matrices, to meet goals 3.9 and 6.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 agenda, and (b) the novelty of this research is the use of an agricultural waste of easy acquisition as a sorbent, without chemical modification, since it presented a high percentage of efficiency in the removal of Pb2+ ions. In turn, the challenge of this research is implementing this green technology on a pilot, semi-industrial and/or industrial scale in wastewater treatment systems.

Composite paper from an agricultural waste of bagasse sugarcane and pineapple leaf fibre: a novel random and multilayer hybrid fibre reinforced composite paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Salleh ◽  
Rohah A. Majid ◽  
Wira Jazair Yahya ◽  
Hasannuddin Abd Kadir ◽  
Arif Fahim Ezzat Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Hybrid Fibre ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Hybrid Fibre Composite ◽  
Composite Paper

Abstract Bagasse sugarcane (BSC) has low fibre strength due to low cellulose content. Hence, by adding a strong secondary fibre that is high in cellulose such as pineapple leaf fibre (PALF), the fibre strength of the system can be improved. High portion of PALF decreased the composite paper performance because the high composition of PALF tends to produce flocs and agglomerates fibres. The arrangement of the fibres in composite paper should be improved so that this agglomerate’s effect could be overcome. A novel multilayer hybrid fibre composite was used. BSC/PALF with several hybrid ratios was studied in terms of the mechanical and moisture properties of the produced paper sheet and the results showed that multilayer hybrid composite paper produced higher in hybrid composite paper’s properties compared with random hybrid composite paper. The colour of multilayer hybrid fibre composite paper resembled the natural bright colour of BSC and the multilayer hybrid fibre composite paper also shown a slightly low weight loss percentage compared with the random hybrid fibre composite paper after 60 days of soil burial test. As a conclusion, multilayer hybrid fibre composite produced the stronger interfibre bonding and overcome the agglomerate’s effect between BSC/PALF compared with random hybrid fibre composite.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on the Conversion of Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus) to Value-Added Products, Future Perspectives and Challenges

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah ◽  
Hasfalina Che Man ◽  
Nur Syakina Jamali ◽  
Shamsul Izhar Siajam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Protease Enzyme

Pineapple waste accounts for a significant part of waste accumulated in landfill which will further contribute to the release of greenhouse gases. With the rising pineapple demands worldwide, the abundance of pineapple waste and its disposal techniques are a major concern. Exploiting the pineapple waste into valuable products could be the most sustainable way of managing these residues due to their useful properties and compositions. In this review, we concentrated on producing useful products from on-farm pineapple waste and processing waste. Bioenergy is the most suitable option for green energy to encounter the increasing demand for renewable energy and promotes sustainable development for agricultural waste. The presence of protease enzyme in pineapple waste makes it a suitable raw material for bromelain production. The high cellulose content present in pineapple waste has a potential for the production of cellulose nanocrystals, biodegradable packaging and bio-adsorbent, and can potentially be applied in the polymer, food and textile industries. Other than that, it is also a suitable substrate for the production of wine, vinegar and organic acid due to its high sugar content, especially from the peel wastes. The potentials of bioenergy production through biofuels (bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel) and biogas (biomethane and biohydrogen) were also assessed. The commercial use of pineapples is also highlighted. Despite the opportunities, future perspectives and challenges concerning pineapple waste utilisation to value-added goods were also addressed. Pineapple waste conversions have shown to reduce waste generation, and the products derived from the conversion would support the waste-to-wealth concept.

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