scholarly journals Hydrogeology of Al-Hamdaniya, Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2B) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Fadi Raed Najeeb
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Storage Coefficient ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Saturated Thickness

The current study evaluated the hydrogeological conditions and hydraulic properties of the groundwater aquifers in Qaraqosh, Karamless and Bartella areas within Al-Hamdaniya district east Mosul. The depths and water tables of groundwater for 48 well were measured in October 2019, were ranged between 5 - 45 meters and 234 - 278.5 meters, respectively. The highest water table reaches in the center of the studied area north Qaraqosh and decreases gradually in all directions. A map of the flow net was drawn, and it was found that the general direction of water movement is from north to south, with local directions resulting by pumping from the aquifer, or due to the heterogeneity of the porous media. The results of the pumping test in Karamless area shows that the transmissivity was 107.671 m2/day and 100.682 m2/day according to Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity of 157.65 m saturated thickness was found to be 0.683 m/day and 0.639 m/day using Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods, respectively. While the storage coefficient using Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods was 0.0023 and 0.0020، respectively. In Qaraqosh, the transmissivity was 87.1685 m2/day and 88.1004 m2/day according to the mentioned methods, respectively. While the hydraulic conductivity of saturated thickness of 71.07 m was found to be 1.24 m/day and 1.23 m/day using Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods, respectively. The values of storage coefficient using these methods was 0.00135 and 0.00115 respectively. The total dissolved solids (TDS) measured to conclude the hydrogeological system according to the quality of the groundwater aquifers, it was found that the concentrations of total dissolved solids are more than 3500 ppm in the mid of the study area and decreased towards all directions to the limits of 250 ppm. This wide variation in salinity may be because the wells in the central area penetrate the groundwater aquifers, represented by the layers of gypsum in Al-Fat'ha formation, which is hydraulically connected with the main aquifer of the Injana formation.

scholarly journals A Study on the Recovery of Head and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from Long-Term Pressure Depressions in Low Permeable Coastal Aquifers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Huali Chen ◽  
Guoping Ding ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Eungyu Park ◽  
Yeongkyoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Aquifer Management

Studies on the recovery of head and total dissolved solids (TDS) in a coastal aquifer system from long-term pressure depressions because of groundwater abstraction (e.g., pumping) is essential for freshwater protection and seawater-intrusion prevention in coastal areas. A 2D numerical model is applied in this paper to investigate the recovery of head and TDS in terms of long-term behavior considering low permeability media. The spatial behavior of the transition zone (TZ), which was chosen as an indicator, was studied in depth with respect to the participant hydraulic and solute-transport characteristics of the aquifer. The sensitivity of the TZ to different aquifer parameters was evaluated. The hydraulic conductivity and rainfall recharge are the two most sensitive factors that affect the location of the TZ in homogeneous cases, and the spatial structure of the hydraulic conductivity field, namely, the correlation length and variance, largely influences the sensitivity of the TZ. The required time for the complete recovery of head in the heterogeneous cases is much shorter than that in the homogeneous cases, but the TDS recovery takes much more time. When the recovery of head is 90%, low porosity and large specific storage play an important role in the location of the TZ compared to other parameters, except for the hydraulic conductivity and recharge rate. The results of this study are meaningful for coastal-aquifer management and may be instructive in the restoration of coastal areas that have experienced seawater intrusion because of the long-term overexploitation of fresh groundwater.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Characteristics of the Aquifer up Al-Khassa Dam Sub-Basin Kirkuk/NE Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094
Author(s):  
Sayhan Mahmood Mustafa Ali ◽  
Omer S. Ibrahiem Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Storage Coefficient ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Test Process

The aim of this study is to the evaluation of the general hydrogeology condition of the Al-Khassa sub-basin area. Pumping test has been done for five wells in the area. The hydrogeological characteristics (transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient) were determined in the area by input data which obtained from the pumping test process into the (AquiferWin32, Version 5) software program. The data were analyzed using Copper-Jacob, Theis and Hantuosh methods for pumping, the values of hydraulic characteristics range from: transmissivity (0.98 to 19.57) m²/day in (W7-W9-W10-W12) sites and 416 m²/day in W1, hydraulic conductivity (0.051 to 0.305) m/day in (W7-W9-W10-W12) sites and 5.012 m/day in W1, storage coefficient 0.021 to 0.065, intendment that the water is pumped from semi-confined aquifer. By using the lithological information, the saturated thickness of where the minimum thickness of 47 m is observed in site W4, and a maximum thickness of 83 m are obtained in site W1, with an average of 67 m. Groundwater flow was 0.364 MCM annually. The flow direction of groundwater was drawn by calculated head values of the eleven wells, it was from the recharge areas in northeast and southeast towards the discharging areas at west.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF YAMUNA RIVER AT GOKUL BARRAGE, MATHURA (UP) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR RAJAWAT ◽  
PRAVEEN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Chemical Condition ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Almost All

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Yamuna River at Gokul Barrage, Mathura, (UP). The time period of study was July 2015 to June 2016. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studied were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

Performance Study of Some Reverse Osmosis Systems for Removal of Uranium and Total Dissolved Solids in Underground Waters of Punjab State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Barjinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS CUKA TOMI-TOMI (Flacourtia inermis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Sandra J Nendissa ◽  
Rachel Breemer ◽  
Nikholaus Melamas
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Four Levels

This objectives of this research were both to study and determine the best level of concentration of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae and period of fermentation on the quality of tomi-tomi vinegar (Flacourtia inermis). A completely randomized experimental design with two factors of treatment was applied in this research. The first factor was concentration of yeast S. cereviseae having four levels of tretament, i.e.: without the addition of yeast 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g yeast. The second factor was period fermentation with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The result indicated that the concentration of yeast S. cereviseae 1.5 g and period fermentation 5 week produced a good tomi-tomi vinegar with total acids 51.22%, total dissolved solids 8.35, total sugar 8.07% and pH 5.40.

Combination of Carbonated Aloe Vera Drink with Lemon Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefrianta Demu Geri ◽  
Dewi Fortuna Ayu ◽  
Noviar Harun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Range Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of carbonated aloe vera drink and lemon juice. This research used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments performed were L1 (90% carbonated aloe vera and 10% lemon juice), L2 (80% carbonated aloe vera and 20% lemon juice), L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice), and L4 (60% carbonated aloe vera and 40% lemon juice). Data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by duncan new multiple range test (DNMRT) at level 5%. The combination treatments of carbonated aloe vera drinks and lemon juice had a significant effect on acidity (pH), vitamin C, total dissolved solids, and descriptive and hedonic sensory assessment. The best treatment from the research was L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice) with pH of 4.26, vitamin C of 19.97 mg, and total dissolved solids of 14.34°brix. The overall sensory test result preferred by panelists with descriptions of yellow color, lemon flavor, and had a slightly sweet taste.

Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood ◽  
Ali A Kamal ◽  
Ako R Hama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Water Metal ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Better Than

The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.

A Graphical Method for Storage Coefficient Determination from Quasi-Steady State Flow Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekâi Şen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Steady State Flow ◽  
Storage Coefficient ◽  
State Flow ◽  
Aquifer Test

A simple, approximate but practical graphical method is proposed for estimating the storage coefficient independently from the transmissivity value, provided that quasi-steady state flow data are available from a pumping test. In the past, quasi-steady state flow distance-drawdown data have been used for the determination of transmissivity only. The method is applicable to confined and leaky aquifers. The application of the method has been performed for various aquifer test data available in the groundwater literature. The results are within the practical limits of approximation compared with the unsteady state flow solutions.

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