scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among primary school children in three rural communities of Kano State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
R S Duwa ◽  
A Sanusi ◽  
C Ogbunachara ◽  
F Okiemute
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
First Time

This study was carried out among pupils of three primary schools in Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria between May and July, 2018. Three hundred and twenty (320) pupils were examined for the presence of schistosome eggs in urine. Out of the 320 pupils examined only 34 (10.6%) were found to be infected with S haematobium. Males have higher prevalence of 26 (12.1%) compared to females 8(7.6%). The age group 8-10 years has the highest infection rate 13 (15.85%) while the age group 5-7 the least with 1(4.6%). Although sample sizes were not equal, among the communities Fallau with 65 has the highest infection rate with a prevalence of 11(16.9%), Gano with 135 has 14 (10.4%) followed by Danbagina, 120 with a prevalence of 9(7.5%). All infections were light (<50eggs/10ml of urine).There was a significant difference in infection among the different villages examined χ2= 8.94, df = 2, p<0.05.Statistically there was also a significant difference in infection among the different age groups χ2= 2.9356, df = 3, p<0.05. It was concluded that S. haematobium is present in these study areas and unless health education on the mode of transmission of the disease, provision of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation which will help in curtailing the infection is provided, there is the likelihood of a rise in infection rate. This is the first time this type of study was carried out in these study areas.

scholarly journals Comparison Study about Selected Human Infection of Zoonotic Cryptosporidiosis by Conventional Diagnostic Methods in Karbala Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Jihad T O AL-Yasary ◽  
Azhar A Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Cryptosporidium spp Parasites were detected in man in Karbala province of Iraq by conventional methods (Flotation Methods by Sheather's sugar solution and stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen) to study the effects of age, sex, and months on the infection rate and to record the morphological characterization of Cryptosporidium spp in patients. This study was done through the period from beginning of December 2019 to September 2020. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from adult and young and from both sexes of human. The result recorded infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp in human in about 26%. Infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. showed a significant relation among age groups of humans and the maximum infection rate was showed at age group 2-6 years 44% (11/25) and this percentage of infection from the number human samples at this age group, while the minimum rate was among age group 18-25 years 12% (3/25) and this percentage of infection from the number human samples at the age group. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in relation to the sex of infected human. The result showed no significant difference between the rate of infection and the highest rate was in males who recorded 27.41% (17/62) and this percentage of infection from the number male samples, while the lowest percentage 23.68% (9/38) was recorded in the females and this percentage of infection from the number female samples. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in human was according to Months of the year. The results of current study showed that higher infection rate with Cryptosporidium 46.66% (7/15) in February and this percentage of infection from the number of samples at this month. And the lowest rate of infection was 10% (1/10) infection rate in July and this percentage of infection from the number of samples at this month. In Conclusion, human patients indicated that the Cryptosporidium spp infection rate by using microscopic technique to be 26%, significant differences in infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. among age groups and months of study. There was no significant difference in infection rate between sex.

scholarly journals Relationship Between School Performance and Breakfast Quality in Refugee Children: Case Study of Mardin Region

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasfiye Bayram Deger ◽  
Nurgul Arslan ◽  
Ibrahim Dag ◽  
Sema CifCi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
City Center ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Many studies have found that the academic success of school-age children is proved to be in close relation with regular and healthy nutrition. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between breakfast quality and academic success of refugee primary-school children. Methods: After scanning 24 schools in the city center, 384 students who were refugee Syrians from primary schools in Mardin city center were included. In addition to the demographic characteristics of the individuals, breakfast habits of these students were investigated. Results: In this study, 91.6% of the children stated that they have breakfast habits. The reasons for skipping breakfast among students of all levels can be listed as being late for school (67.8%) and not liking to have breakfast (18.8%). The breakfast quality index (BQI) score was low in both boys and girls and all age groups. According to this marked value, all age groups had poor nutrition in terms of breakfast. Although girls showed a significant difference in all age groups (P = 0.046), this difference was not significant among boys (P = 0.671). The number of students with a breakfast quality score higher than 8 was very low. It was observed that boys had the highest academic success with the lowest breakfast quality score. The breakfast quality score of girls with the best academic success ranged between 4 - 7 points. Conclusions: It was observed that academic success was linked to having breakfast habit, and students had breakfast habit performed relatively better in school compared to those who did not.

scholarly journals Detection of urinary schistosomiasis among school age children in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
E. O. Igumbor ◽  
S. K. S. Ojo ◽  
A. Olateru-Olagbegi
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease also known as bilharziasis or snail fever. It is a major disease of public health and the second most prevalent tropical disease after malaria. This study was carried out to detect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State, Nigeria. Urine samples (n=280) were collected from 9 volunteered primary and post-primary schools between May and July, 2009. Centrifuge concentration technique was used in the analysis of urine samples for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. 16 (5.71%) were infected with the parasite with males having a slightly high prevalence rate of 10 (3.57%) than females 6 (2.14%). Males within the age group of 11-20 were found to have the highest rate (2.14%) compared with their females (1.43%). This result is indicative of low visit to the hospital following infection of any kind and the source of drinking water in the community was poor. Many of these children engage in different water activities such as fishing, swimming, washing and fetching of water. The statistical analysis using T-test (P<0.05) showed no significant difference in the prevalence rate between age and sex. Therefore regular health education on the possible transmission of this parasite and community based treatment should be embarked upon in the school and community so as to curtail the spread and re-infection of individuals.

scholarly journals Visceral Leishmaniasis Infection in Patients from Gboko Health Division, Benue State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. B. Orpin ◽  
I. Mzungu ◽  
H. Usman-Sani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

A Study was carried out to investigate the Prevalence of Visceral leishmaniasis infection in Gboko Health Division, Benue State. Parasitological screening was carried out in Two hundred (200) patients comprising 74 males and 126 females sampled at random. Leucoconcentration method was used in the diagnosis of Visceral leishmaniasis in the patients in the study area. Out of the total number sampled, 26 tested positive 9 (12.2%) males and 17 (13.5%) females for Visceral Leishmaniasis infection. Infection rate of Visceral leishmaniasis showed significant difference (p<0.05) based on the sex and age of the patients with the females having higher infection than the males, X2 cal=12.59 at P≤ 0.05 and 6df. Infection rate was significantly higher in female patients with 25.0% in the age groups of 51-60 and 60˃ years respectively and 14.3% for males in the age group 31-40 years. No prevalence was recorded in males and females in the age group of 1-10 years. The presence of Visceral leishmaniasis in the study area is of clinical importance and requires routine check and public health awareness and further research conducted in the study area to help bring about complete eradication.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Urinary Schistososmiasis Among School Children in Uwandani Shehia, Pemba, Zanzibar - Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Suleiman ◽  
Marycelina Mubi ◽  
Abdalla I Ali ◽  
Chukwuma J. Okafor ◽  
Paul Eze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis

Abstract Despite repeated rounds of mass drug administratiion (MDA) of praziquantel, Uwandani Shehia in Pemba, Zanzibar-Tanzani, remains a hotspot of transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk-factors of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Uwandani. We adopted a mixed methods approach. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and the filtration technique was used to detect S. haematobium eggs in 10 ml of urine from 300 school children. We also conducted 30 in-depth interviews with parents and teachers, 4 focus group discussions with adult community members, and 8 group discussions with the students between May & June 2017. The S. haematobium infection prevalence was 11%. Schistosoma haematobium infection prevalence was significantly higher in the age group 13-15 years, compared to the younger age groups. About 67.0% of the school children infected with S. haematobium had the light intensity infection, shedding fewer than or equal to 50 eggs per 10 ml of urine, while the heavy intensity of infection (>50 eggs/10 ml) was found in 33 % of infected primary school children. Results of ANOVA revealed significant differences in praziquantel uptake by age-group. There was low community knowledge of S. haematobium risk factors, high engagement in risky behavior and high awareness of S. haematobium infection symptoms. Although uptake of praziquantel is high, this did not translate to a lowering of S. haematobium infection prevalence among school children. Frequency of contact with open water sources – an important risk factor for S. haematobium infection is high in the study population. We conclude that barriers to health behavior change continue to exist, and the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis appears to be increasing among school aged children in Uwandani Shehia, Pemba, Zanzibar-Tanzania. We suggest combining MDA praziquantel uptake programs with affordable snail control interventions for reducing urinary schistosomiasis prevalence.

Motor Fitness in Pre-Primary School Children: The EUROFIT Motor Fitness Test Explored on 5–7-Year-Old Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn Fjørtoft
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

This article is a contribution to the experience of testing motor fitness and exploring the EUROFIT test in young children. In the age group 5–7 years, the motor fitness tests showed strong dependency on age and a small dependence on sex. Body weight and height did not appear to have any impact on the test variables for this age group. The reliability test showed significant difference between test and retest in the plate tapping test only. The reproducibility was low in bent arm hang and flamingo balance, with coefficients of variation of 67%. Modest validity of the flamingo balance test and the standing broad jump test was confirmed with correlations of 0.43 and 0.52, respectively, by laboratory testing on a force platform. Factor analyses extracted 3 components, which explained 62% of the total variance, but no single component could explain general motor fitness. The EUROFIT Motor Fitness Test appeared to be applicable also in young children, but the reproducibility of two test items was questionable. Modification of test items was suggested to fit this age group.

scholarly journals Family history of early onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suggesting genetic associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Asta Försti ◽  
Kari Hemminki
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Prostate Cancers

AbstractChildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has an origin in the fetal period which may distinguish it from ALL diagnosed later in life. We wanted to test whether familial risks differ in ALL diagnosed in the very early childhood from ALL diagnosed later. The Swedish nation-wide family-cancer data were used until year 2016 to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for familial risks in ALL in three diagnostic age-groups: 0–4, 5–34 and 35 + years. Among 1335 ALL patients diagnosed before age 5, familial risks were increased for esophageal (4.78), breast (1.42), prostate (1.40) and connective tissue (2.97) cancers and leukemia (2.51, ALL 7.81). In age-group 5–34 years, rectal (1.73) and endometrial (2.40) cancer, myeloma (2.25) and leukemia (2.00, ALL 4.60) reached statistical significance. In the oldest age-group, the only association was with Hodgkin lymphoma (3.42). Diagnostic ages of family members of ALL patients were significantly lower compared to these cancers in the population for breast, prostate and rectal cancers. The patterns of increased familial cancers suggest that BRCA2 mutations could contribute to associations of ALL with breast and prostate cancers, and mismatch gene PMS2 mutations with rectal and endometrial cancers. Future DNA sequencing data will be a test for these familial predictions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. M. Gamde ◽  
◽  
P. J. Tongvwam ◽  
K. Hauwa ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

scholarly journals Virological and Epidemiological Features of Norovirus Infections in Brazil, 2017–2018

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kahwage Sarmento ◽  
Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Marize Pereira Miagostovich ◽  
Tulio Machado Fumian
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Median Viral Load ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Partial Rdrp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
First Time

Noroviruses are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups. Here, we investigated the incidence of norovirus, genotypes circulation, and norovirus shedding in AGE stool samples from outpatients in Brazil. During a two-year period, 1546 AGE stool samples from ten Brazilian states were analyzed by RT-qPCR to detect and quantify GI and GII noroviruses. Positive samples were genotyped by dual sequencing using the ORF1/2 junction region. Overall, we detected norovirus in 32.1% of samples, with a massive predominance of GII viruses (89.1%). We also observed a significant difference between the median viral load of norovirus GI (3.4×105 GC/g of stool) and GII (1.9×107 GC/g). The most affected age group was children aged between 6 and 24 m old, and norovirus infection was detected throughout the year without marked seasonality. Phylogenetic analysis of partial RdRp and VP1 regions identified six and 11 genotype combinations of GI and GII, respectively. GII.4 Sydney[P16] was by far the predominant genotype (47.6%), followed by GII.2[P16], GII.4 Sydney[P31], and GII.6[P7]. We detected, for the first time in Brazil, the intergenogroup recombinant genotype GIX.1[GII.P15]. Our study contributes to the knowledge of norovirus genotypes circulation at the national level, reinforcing the importance of molecular surveillance programs for future vaccine designs.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in a National Referral Hospital in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Chhabi Lal Adhikari ◽  
Guru Prasad Dhakal ◽  
Nongluck Suwisith ◽  
Sonam Dargay ◽  
Krishna P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium causing chronic gastric infection and may cause gastric cancer. It was necessary to see the trend of infection, especially in symptomatic patients. This retrospective descriptive study was aimed to describe the characteristics of H. pylori infection in Bhutanese patients referred for an endoscopy to the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. Methods: The sample of the study was randomized 380 medical records of the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and Rapid Urea Test for symptomatic dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Data was collected using a survey form designed by the researchers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was very high (76.6%). The mean age of the infection was 42 with a range from 15 to 84 years. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in the age group 20-29 years (82.7%) and lowest in the oldest age group 70-84 years (66.7%). The analysis showed no significant difference in infection amongst age groups, gender, and endoscopic findings to the positive results at 5% significant level except for monthly prevalence (p<0.001). Gastritis was the commonest endoscopy finding (153/380) and gastro-duodenitis had the highest positivity rate (88.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infection was relatively high compared with previous studies. Young and middle-aged adults had a high prevalence and this group needs to be given priority for screening and eradication treatment considering limited resources to prevent associated gastric cancer in Bhutan.

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