scholarly journals POST-OCTOBER COLLAPSE AND THE BEGINNING OF INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY (using the example of indicators of the Tatar ASSR)

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Almaz R. Gapsalamov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Regional Component ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Russia

In modern scientific literature there are quite a lot of critical assessments of the processes and phenomena that took place in the Soviet times. However, there is still insufficient research on the regional component. Certain issues concerning the development of the region’s industry in the period under review were dealt with in the Soviet times by Kh.G. Gimadi, M.K. Mukharyamov, Kh.Kh. Khasanov, N.A. Andrianov, in the modern period – I.A. Gataullina, O.G. Kolomyts and others. The task of the presented study is to eliminate the gap in describing formation of the Soviet economy of the Tatar ASSR (until 1920 – part of the territory belonged to Kazan governorate). In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the indicators of industrial development in the Tatar Republic in the post-October period, including the new economic policy. The methodology of the article is based on the problem-chronological approach and scientific knowledge. The analysis of scientific literature and archival information was the basis to form a general picture of the problem under consideration. The events of the post-October period became a real tragedy for the new Soviet economy. Crisis of under-production was observed in the industrial sector, when the economy could not meet even the minimum demands of the population, the indicators of industrial production, starting from the post-October period, decreased annually. Using the example of the region, general economic problems typical for all the territories of Soviet Russia are shown, but problems peculiar only to the republic are also highlighted. This situation could not but cause anxiety of the Soviet authorities. Prolongation of crisis phenomena in the industrial sector of the economy threatened by the development of not only economic, but also political problems associated with the growth of social discontent. Further measures taken by the Soviet government made it possible to reverse the negative trend in the development of the republican industry. From the perspective of the past time, it can be noted that in fact this period was a turning point in modernization processes of the country and the region. It seems to us that the economy, which was fluctuating between downward and upward development trends for a long time, chose the second option. The stage of the still slow, but gaining momentum process of activating the country’s industrial potential began.

scholarly journals ON THE MAIN REASONS FOR THE ACTIVATION OF RIGHT-WING SOCIAL REVOLUTIONARIES IN SIBERIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Dobrovolsky
Keyword(s):  
Right Wing ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Inner Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Managerial Level ◽  
Far Eastern

The article reveals the reasons for the activation of the right-wing socialist-revolutionaries in Siberia in the early 1920s, after the introduction of a new economic policy in Soviet Russia. The author shows that a number of objective and subjective factors contributed to the activation of the right-wing social revolutionaries in Siberia. Among the objective factors, he points out the discontent of the population with the policy of the Soviet government during the years of "War Communism "and at the beginning of the NEP, the personnel" hunger " of the ruling Bolshevik Party, the close location of the Far Eastern Republic. The sharp intensification of the activities of socialist revolutionaries in the article is demonstrated on the example of Siberian societies, where revolutionaries "captured" the leading posts in the middle and lower managerial level, it has used the material basis of cooperation for the establishment of inner work, expand their outreach. And only the decisive actions of the leadership of the RCP( b), punitive measures of the Cheka/GPU bodies stopped the activity of the Social Revolutionaries, led to the defeat of the socialist opposition in the early 1920s.

scholarly journals LEGAL STATUS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIAL REPUBLIC (1921–1928)

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Olha Rudnytska ◽  
Nataliia Rudnytska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Legal Provisions

The aim of the work is to study the legal status of employees in the Ukrainian SSR in 1921–1928, which had its own peculiar features due to the new economic policy implementation by the Soviet government (hereinafter referred to as the NEP). The methodology involves the adherence to the principles of objectivity, scientific character, and historicism, which facilitated the coherent disclosure of the prerequisites, content and consequences of the Soviet government social policy implementation in the Ukrainian SSR, and highlighted the legal status of employees and the specifics of its codification. The combination of historical and legal methods contributed to the consistency of the research, as well as enabled us to assert the novelty of the material under consideration. The historical research of the NEP in the combination with the regulatory and legal framework analysis creates new opportunities for interdisciplinary scientific inquiries. The use of general scientific methods, such as systematization, generalization, chronological and comparative method, historical and legislative method, provides us with a tool to trace the influence of the legal component on the history of the NEP introduction and development in the Ukrainian SSR during the specified period. The scientific novelty aims at providing a detailed historical and legal analysis of the content of the Ukrainian SSR legislation system concerning the legal status of employees during the NEP period. The authors comprehensively investigate its positive aspects, downsides and prospects for practical application in the specified period.The Conclusions. The article has newly provided an article-by-article analysis of regulatory and legal framework, that codified the legal status of Ukrainian SSR employees during the new economic policy (1921–1928). The historical and legislative review of legal provisions enabled us to identify their positive aspects, drawbacks, and prospects for practical application. With the beginning of the curtailment of the NEP, the activities of social insurance authorities changed, they began to focus on the industrial development of the country.The policy implemented by the Soviet government in the late 1920s under the leadership of Josef Stalin, demonstrated an expeditious movement towards authoritarianism, which is incompatible with market relations and special care for the "cogs" (little people) of the system. A system based on the Command and Administration system methods of managing the economy is gradually being formed. The increased exploitation of peasants and workers, the use of violence and political repression changed the legal status of employees in many sectors of the economy.

scholarly journals Sources on Social and Political Moods of Peasants of the Ishim District of the Ural Region in 1925?27: Materials of the District OGPU Department Reports

2021 ◽  
pp. 418-427
Author(s):  
Igor V. Kuryshev ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Lyubimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Rich

The article uses previously unstudied reports of the Ishim district OGPU department to describe social and political attitudes of various groups of peasantry in the palmy days of the New Economic Policy (1925–27). The study is to consider the influence of social rural stratification on peasants’ mindsets and the relationship between the authorities and the peasantry; to assess the political resources of the Ishim peasantry through the lens of the OGPU reports; and to show the intransigence in social interests of the rural poor and the kulaks. The authors assess political moods of peasant population as a whole and those of particular social groups: poor, middle peasants, and kulaks. Political moods of the peasantry differentiated with respect to the following criteria: attitude to the Soviet government and various groups and strata, attitude to agricultural tax, attitude to religion, and church, and also according to the degree of political consciousness. On the basis of this analysis, we put forward an idea of multidirectional, heterogeneous participation of peasant population in the political life of the second half of the 1920s and of its significant social differentiation. In general, in the rural areas, the Soviet government was unequivocally supported by the poor, who were to some degree influenced by the kulaks. The middle peasants were characterized by their changing attitude; they symptomatically juxtaposed Soviet government and communists. The rich peasants took an extremely negative position to the Soviet government and tried to exert pressure on the local authorities (i.e. village soviets). However, discontent with the New Economic Policy encompassed all strata of the peasantry. Persistent confrontation between peasants fighting each other in the Ishim anti-communist peasant uprising of 1921 did not weaken for quite a long time. In conclusion, it is noted that protests, social deviations, and negative stance on the New Economic Policy gradually intensified in the political behavior of the Ishim district peasantry. The OGPU reports are a representative source that permits to reconstruct the social and political attitudes of the Ishim region peasantry.

scholarly journals SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATIONS IN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST DECADE OF SOVIET POWER

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-677
Author(s):  
Naida T. Muslimova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The article, based on a wide range of documentary sources and research experience of domestic and foreign historians, shows the mechanism of those large-scale and contradictory changes that occurred in Dagestan society as a result of the implementation of the new economic policy pursued by the Soviet state in 1921-1928.Interest in the history of socialist transformations in Dagestan is again relevant, when on the one hand in modern historiography pays great attention to alternative ways of development of the country and the Republic, and on the other – post-Soviet changes in social development led to deplorable results. This makes it necessary to rethink the Soviet experience. The study was conducted by comparative analysis. Which showed that, in the specific historical conditions of Dagestan mixed economy, introduction of market methods of managing, elements of cost accounting and at the same time systematic financial and logistical support of the Soviet government became a catalyst for the destruction of the traditional way of the Dagestan society, its differentiation and change its social class composition, to a certain extent prepared Dagestanis to the adoption of the Stalinist model of the Soviet society development. The processes of transformation of Dagestan society are shown in the article, through the prism of the ideological struggle that took place in the leadership of the ruling party in the first decade of Soviet power.

NEW ECONOMIC POLICY OF SOVIET RUSSIA: HISTORICAL REALITY OR UNREALIZED IDEA?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Владимировна Малашенко
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Economy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Soviet Russia

Автор поднимает проблему исторического значения новой экономической политики Советской России в 20-е гг. XX века. В данной статье рассматривается сравнительный анализ социально-экономических мероприятий советской власти, доказывается их практическаяэффективность и значение в восстановлении народного хозяйства. The author raises the problem of the historical significance of the new economic policy of Soviet Russia in the 1920-s XX century. This article considers a comparative analysis of the socio-economic measures of the Soviet government, proves their practical effectiveness and significance in restoring the national economy.

scholarly journals IRRIGATION AND LAND-RECLAMATION HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN (As an example of the 50-80s of XX century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Oybek Kamilovich Komilov ◽  
Khabibullo Kuchkarov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Irrigation Networks ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Based on solid scientific literature and archival sources, the article comprehensively reveals the history of irrigation and land reclamation in 1950-1980 in Uzbekistan to further expand irrigation networks in order to plant a monoculture of cotton in the republic, as well as its consequences. KEY WORDS: irrigation, irrigation canal, pumping station, siphon, collector, drainage, Soviet government, centre, cotton monopoly.

scholarly journals Four-link Spiral Model in the Concept of “Smart Specialization” Innovative Industrial Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (338) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Olga Chernova ◽  
Vladimir Klimuk ◽  
Andrejs Lazdins
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Smart Specialization

AbstractOne of the mechanisms for enhancing innovative processes in the industry is the application of the concept of the “four-link spiral”. In contrast to the 3-link spiral, this model as one of the most important components includes a “society”, acting as one of the actors of innovative transformations. Firstly, it is society that is the main consumer of innovative products being created and, thereby, establishes “requirements”, forming demands for the quality and parameters of future products; secondly, society, in turn, acts as the initiator and generator of innovations, forming the so-called “social capital” necessary for the implementation of directly innovative transformations. In this scientific work, the problems of the formation of a “smart specialization” strategy for the innovative development of the industrial sector of the national economic system based on the application of the four-link spiral concept are investigated. A system of quantitative indicators for assessing the innovative level of industrial development is presented. The experience of introducing the concept of a four-link spiral as a mechanism of innovative development of industry (on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation) is given. The aim of the article is to describe innovation processes in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus and to develop an innovation transfer model.

scholarly journals Features of the new economic policy in Kamchatka (Russia) in the 1920s

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gennadievna Koshkaryova ◽  
Valentina Alexandrovna Ilina ◽  
Natalya Natalya Viktorovna Kamardina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
European Part ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time

The purpose of this study is to identify the regional features of the new economic policy in the USSR on the example of the economic development of Kamchatka in the 1920s. The main results of the study have been related to the introduction of archival documents into scientific circulation, which allows identifying the specific features of the new economic policy in Kamchatka, as in the remote northern region of the USSR. The features of the economic policy of the 1920s in Kamchatka can be attributed to the fact that the chronological framework of the new economic policy was different than in the European part of the country; cooperation had weak organizational foundations; for a long time, there had been a presence of private domestic, and especially foreign capital in economic life. The topic of identifying the regional features of the new economic policy implemented by the Soviet government in the 1920s requires further discussion in the scientific community.

Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Grigoryev ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.

MIDC Role in Infrastructural Development in Navi Mumbai

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant H. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Development Corporation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Industrial Development Corporation

The BID (Board of Industrial Development) framed the legislation and it was introduced before the state legislation and passed in the form of Maharashtra Industrial Act which gave birth to Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC), as a separate corporation on August 1, 1962. The BID was the first personnel strength of MIDC. A small ceremony at Wagle Estate Thane, under the Chairmanship of the Chief Minister Shri Y.B. Chavan, marked the birth of MIDC on August 1, 1962. The Board of Industrial Development during its existence between October 1, 1960 and August 1, 1962 has done enough spade work to identify the locations for setting up industrial areas in different parts of the state. Thus, right in the first year of establishment MIDC came up with 14 industrial areas, to initiate action for infrastructure and help entrepreneurs set up the industrial units in those areas. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation is the nodal industrial infrastructure development agency of the Maharashtra Government with the basic objective of setting up industrial areas with a provision of industrial infrastructure all over the state for planned and systematic industrial development. MIDC is an innovative, professionally managed, and user friendly organization that provides the world industrial infrastructure. MIDC has played a vital role in the development of industrial infrastructure in the state of Maharashtra. As the state steps into the next millennium, MIDC lives up to its motto Udyamat Sakal Samruddhi i.e., prosperity to all through industrialization. Indeed, in the endeavor of the state to retain its prime position in the industrial sector, MIDC has played a pivotal role in the last 35 years. MIDC has developed 268 industrial estates across the state which spread over 52653 hectares of land. The growth of the Corporation, achieved in the various fields, during the last three years, could be gauged from the fact that the area currently in possession of MIDC has doubled from 25,000 hectares in 1995.

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