scholarly journals Label perception of frozen ready-to-eat products and frozen not-ready-to-eat product

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conic Cheung ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Dale Chen ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Lorraine McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fully Cooked ◽  
Label Statement

  Background: Frozen meals are popularized in recent years due to their ease of preparation. This convenience factor greatly benefits busy workers who simply lack the time to cook a full meal. However, the risk of misidentifying these frozen products as cooked when they are in fact, raw, can lead to devastating consequences. This is important especially when the products are improperly prepared and undercooked. Some significant examples in recent years includes the Salmonella cases associated with frozen raw breaded chicken. These cases are partly due to the inadequate cooking of the product, as a result of misidentifying them as cooked even though they are raw. The purpose of this project is to determine how well the public can determine if a frozen product is cooked or raw based on the front side of the packaging, which is the first visuals that will be presented to the consumers in store. Methods: An electronic survey was conducted for Canadian residents to determine whether they can accurately interpret if a product is cooked or raw based on the front packaging. The survey also determines if the respondent’s age, gender, average number of supermarket visits in a week, and level of education will affect the accuracy of their interpretations. The survey was created and hosted online with SurveyMonkey, and distributed out in Reddit. The results are analyzed using the statistical software, NCSS 12. Results: Chi-square tests indicated no significant difference between the demographics groups and the accuracy of the label interpretations by the respondents. Five different products; chicken pot pie, fish fillets, breaded chicken wings, poutine bites, and tourtiere pie, were chosen for identification, each with their own label statements, respectively; “cook thoroughly”, “uncooked”, “fully cooked”, “heat thoroughly” and one with no label statement. The fish fillets, poutine bites and the tourtiere pie had the most varied answers from the respondents. The poutine bites and tourtiere pie had the majority of the respondents selecting the wrong answer or being unsure. The fish fillets had the majority choosing the correct answer, but given the simplicity of the label “uncooked”, it was surprising that only 45% of the respondents chose “require additional cooking”. Additionally, a few of the open ended comments from respondents indicate some desire for labels clarity in regards to fonts and color on the packaging, as well as having clear, standardized statements that clearly identifies the products as cooked or raw. However, there are some comments that indicate the current labels are adequate, and some comments mentioning about labelling on the back of the box. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it would appear that the demographic groups selected have no effect on the accuracy of label identifications of frozen products. The study also indicates that there is preference from the public to favours clear and straightforward labelling statements. The study identifies potential problems with some ambiguity in the label statements (or lack of label statements), and some potential issues with the noticeability of the statements to the consumers.  

scholarly journals Orthodontics-Awareness Amongst Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Türkan SEZEN ERHAMZA ◽  
Kübra A ARSLAN ÇARPAR
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of orthodontics, a specialty of dentistry,amongst Medical Students. Materials and Method: A sample of 550 students (279 female, 226 male aged between 18 and 36 years) were attented.Of the subjects, 58.6% (n = 296) were preclinical students, while 41.4% (n = 209) were clinical students. The students were informed about the questionnaire and asked to fill in the questionnaire forms. For the comparison of data between groups (gender, level of education), the chi-square test was used. A chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation and the p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: 385 students (76.2%) had heard the term orthodontics although 41.2% of the subjects knew that orthodonticswas concerned with malocclusions and their treatment. The question about treatment procedures was answeredas scaling by 35.8%, tooth polishing by 40%, tooth aligning by 89.9% of the students. The percentage of knowingorthodontics to be related to tooth aligning showed a significant difference between female and male (p = 0.006), andpreclinical and clinical students (p = 0.033). Of the participants, 42.8% thought that dentures, 83% brackets, 78.8% ofremovable appliances were used by orthodontists. Conclusion: Our results have shown that medical students should have more information about orthodontics, aspecialty of dentistry.

scholarly journals Foods to Avoid While Breastfeeding? Experiences and Opinions of Polish Mothers and Healthcare Providers

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Karolina Karcz ◽  
Izabela Lehman ◽  
Barbara Królak-Olejnik
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Medical Healthcare

Popular beliefs regarding a mother’s diet during lactation have a significant impact on breastfeeding practices among mothers, as well on breastfeeding counseling among healthcare providers worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess mothers’ and medical professionals’ knowledge and opinions on the “lactating mother’s diet”. An electronic survey, prepared in Polish, was administered to healthcare providers, as well as mothers who have breastfed a child. The chi-square test, logistic regression, and Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical calculations. Out of a total of 1180 responses received, 1159 were analyzed, and 21 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The survey was completed by 407 (35%) medical healthcare providers and 752 (65%) lactating mothers in non-medical professions. In total, the study included 1074 mothers who have breastfed a child, and 29.14% of them reported that they eliminated certain foods from their diet when breastfeeding. There was no statistically significant difference in the responses received from mothers and medical staff providing maternal care (for each of 17 products, e.g., steak tartare, sushi, legumes, dairy products, p > 0.05 by the Mann-Whitney test). However, a logistic regression revealed some significant correlations with other variables (e.g., duration of lactation). The respondents revealed an appropriate level of knowledge on nutrition during lactation and the majority of participants neither adhered to nor recommended a prophylactic elimination diet. Among other evaluated factors, the experience of following an elimination diet affected respondents’ knowledge of nutrition during breastfeeding. Both mothers and healthcare providers require good nutritional education.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BADAN PELAYANAN PERIZINAN TERPADU DAN PENANAMAN MODAL (BP2TPM) KOTA BANJARMASIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Umar Makawi ◽  
Abdul Haliq
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Community Satisfaction ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of community satisfaction with the public services provided by the Integrated Licensing Public Service Agency and Investment (BP2TPM) of Banjarmasin City, besides that it was also intended to find out the differences in community characteristics, such as age and level of education with satisfaction with service public. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a sample of 60 people, while the data analysis uses Chi Square Goodness Of Fit and Chi Square Test Of Independence. The results showed that the bureaucracy services provided by BP2TPM, most respondents 30% argued that they were quite satisfied with the licensing services provided by the agency. In addition there are significant differences between gender and community satisfaction, other results show there is no difference between age and community satisfaction, this means that the performance of the service units at BP2TPM does not discriminate or differ in providing services to the community in terms of age level. As well as there is no difference between the level of education and community satisfaction, this means that the service at BP2TPM does not discriminate in providing services to the community.

scholarly journals Food Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Food Handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Amelia Ngozi Odo ◽  
Samuel C. Onoh
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract The study determined food hygiene knowledge and practices among food handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus. Two specific objectives, two corresponding research questions, and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. The population for the study was 165 food handlers. There was no sampling done. A researchers’- designed food hygiene knowledge and practices questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Frequencies and percentages were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square (X2) statistic was used to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. Findings showed among others that all the respondents (100%) who have no formal education were knowledgeable about food hygiene; 90.8 per cent of those who have primary education, 92.3 per cent of those who have secondary education and 92.3 of those who have no tertiary education had good knowledge of food hygiene. There was no significant difference in the level of food hygiene knowledge possessed by food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). There was no significant difference in the food hygiene practices of food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). The study recommended among others, that managers of food business establishments should frequently supervise the hygienic condition under which food handlers working for them prepare food.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF YOGA ON DURATION OF THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR AND PERINEAL RUPTURE IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
Ana Setyowati ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Ngadiyono Ngadiyono ◽  
Rr Sri Endang Pujiastuti ◽  
Dyah Dyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

Objective: To determine the effect of yoga on the duration of the second stage of labor and perineal rupture in primigravida mothers.Methods: This was a Quasy experimental study with posttest group only design. The study was conducted in the Public Health Center of Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia from December 2016 until January 2017. There were 50 mothers selected using purposive sampling, which 25 assigned in the experiment and control group. Independent t-test and Chi Square test were used for data analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of second stage of labor (p=0.000) and perineal rupture (p=0.001) between experiment and control group. Conclusion: There was a significant effect of yoga on the duration of the second stage of labor and perineal rupture in primigravida mothers. Therefore, yoga is recommended for midwife to be included in the antenatal care.

Comparing Shoppers’ Perception in Image Dimensions: A Retail Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice YM Lee ◽  
Wee Zhao Yuan ◽  
Mat Naim Abdullah @ Mohd Asmoni ◽  
Rohaya Abdul Jalil ◽  
Maizan Baba
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Image Dimension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Way Anova

In the highly competitive retail industry, an understanding on the perceptions of shoppers is important in attracting and retaining loyal customers. This study compares the shoppers’ perceptions on various image dimensions using KSL City and Plaza Pelangi in Johor Bahru, Malaysia as case studies. Plaza Pelangi is more established but faces high vacancy rate and competition from KSL City. The latter is relatively new and needs to capture the shoppers market from Plaza Pelangi. A total 200 questionnaires were distributed using random sampling. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Paired-Samples T Test, Chi Square Test, One Way ANOVA were used. There was no significant difference between the overall preferences towards both shopping centers. However, there were significant differences according to demographic groups (race, age and marital status). Majority of the image dimension attributes were rated higher in KSL City compared to Plaza Pelangi. KSL City needs to improve the ease in locating merchandise and appoint higher quality tenants.  KSL should strive for more inclusive shopper demographic groups. Plaza Pelangi needs to improve its physical dimension in terms of layout and facility dimension by undergoing upgrading works. Plaza Pelangi also needs to recruit more food and beverage outlets as well as entertainment outlets.

PUBLIC OPINION ON THE PROVISION OF CRISIS INTERVENTION BY HELPING PROFESSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 436-445
Author(s):  
Soňa Šrobárová ◽  
Daniel Markovič ◽  
Dávid Gazdík
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Helping Professions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

A crisis in a person's life is a state in which an individual encounters an obstacle in his or her life that he or she cannot overcome with standard solutions strategies. Simultaneously, a person must/have to start to solve the situation and not let the problem grow into a difficult situation. The crisis is generally perceived as a threat to the individual who finds himself in it. However, some authors mention the positive potential it can have. As this is a new situation in a person's life, it encourages him to think about the future and the changes that can get him out of a crisis. Crisis intervention is a professional service provided by social educators, social workers, or psychologists. The research aims to find out how the public perceives the issue of crisis intervention. What crises have the respondents already encountered, and what help they prefer. In addition, what is the public's knowledge of the basic concepts and forms of assistance provided? The sample size is 309 respondents. We investigated whether there was a significant difference in the characteristics of the crisis intervention concerning education, which we verified with the Chi-Square test and whether there is concerning age and the relationship between surviving the crisis and seeking professional help. 

Lotka’s law and author productivity pattern of research in law discipline

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Sahu ◽  
Puspanjali Jena
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Lotka’S Law

Purpose This study aims to analyze the productivity patterns of authors using law literature indexed in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) from 2016 to 2020 based on Lotka’s law. Lotka’s law of scientific productivity provides a platform for studying the variation between the actual and expected authors’ productivity patterns in a subject area over a specified period. Design/methodology/approach This study covers 3,334 open access journal articles in law subject. The law journals are subdivided into two basic divisions, namely, public law and private law. This paper focuses on the journal-wise distribution of publications, subject-wise distribution of publications, annual growth rate (AGR) as well as compound AGR and applicability of Lotka’s law in both public and private law by applying the least square method followed by Pao and doing the K-S goodness-of-fit test. Student’s t-test and chi-square test have been applied to verify the significant difference between the public law and the private law literature. Findings There is no significant difference between the public law and private law publications on their publications per issue. The chi-square test showed that there is no significant difference between the year-wise publications in public law and private law. The authorship productivity in public law differs from the distribution of Lotka’s inverse square law, whereas it follows Lotka’s law in the case of private law. Research limitations/implications This study is based on the articles published in open access English language journals which are indexed in the DOAJ. Originality/value This study will be useful to know the authorship productivity pattern of law literature for both public and private law individually.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVOLVED GOVERNANCE IN KENYA

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Ronoh
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Test

There are many factors that influence public participation; one of them is demographic factors. This study established how demographic characteristics of the public influence their participation in development activities in the devolved system of governance in Kenya. The chi square test for independence, from the value at χ(12)=40.9,p =0.000; established that there was significant association between demographic characteristics and public participation activities. It was also establish that demographic factors such as age, gender and level of education influence publicparticipation to a large extent. It was found that; male tend to participate more than female; youth tend to participate more than elderly people; and the educated people tend to make more meaningful and quality contribution. Therefore there is need to have a proper planning so as to optimise the participation of all stakeholder by considering their gender, age and level of education.

scholarly journals Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció új lehetőségei – a betegek elvárásai alapján

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (50) ◽  
pp. 2136-2143
Author(s):  
Regina Molnár ◽  
Zoltán Sági ◽  
Zsuzsanna Fejes ◽  
Kálmán Törőcsik ◽  
Béla Köves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Patient Consultation ◽  
E Mail

Abstract: Introduction: Nowadays doctor–patient consultation is not limited to personal appointments, there are new technical possibilities to keep contact. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the way in which the doctor and patient interact with each other between two personal consultations and how the patients would like to reach their physicians when needed. Method: Questionnaire survey was done among waiting patients in an outpatient clinic in Budapest. The questionnaire was based on the following groups of questions: habits of visiting a doctor, the methods of communication with a specialist, use of technical tools and socio-demographic data. Statistical analysis: Simple descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used. Results: The participants (260 persons) were in 36.2% male and in 63.8% female. One out of four patients did not contact the doctor between two personal consultations. The rest of the patients contacted the nurse by phone or their doctors on their mobile even as per different socio-demographic groups but without a significant difference in between those. Two thirds of the patients would like to have more face to face appointments with their doctor, half of them would like to keep contact by e-mail, and one out of three would call the doctor on mobile phone as far as possible. More men need personal consultations dominantly and in smaller proportion divorced, widowed and patients with vocational education. Half of the patients would like to e-mail their doctor, especially the younger and higher educated people. Conclusion: Patients’ consultation preferences differ by socio-demographic groups. Reestablishing conditions by taking all of our results into account, the efficiency of outpatient-clinics could be increased. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(50): 2136–2143.

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