scholarly journals Democratisation of Business How More Democratic Business Structures Generate Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume II (December 2021) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Anna-Vanadis Faix
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Theoretical Integration ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coherent Integration ◽  
Corporate Context ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Coherent Orientation ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Democratisation is a topic that is increasingly finding its way into the economic debate and is also becoming more and more of a trend within companies. The debates reveal various advantages and disadvantages of democratising companies. Within the various models of democratisation of companies, however, there seems to be a lack of coherent integration of the theoretical integration of this into the broad corporate structures – at least within business perspective. These often refer to orthodox theoretical foundations of hierarchical structures and corporate orientations, which in principle oppose and partly run counter to various forms of democratisation. In the present contribution, minimal conditions are to be worked out on the basis of democracy as cooperation and applied to the most elementary corporate structures. In such a coherent orientation and embedding, it can be shown that disadvantages of democratisation in the corporate context can be reduced and innovation and thus competitiveness can be promoted in a multidimensional way.

scholarly journals Review of MAC Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6709
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Ma ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Xiling Luo ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) need to support the timely end-to-end transmissions of safety and non-safety messages. Medium access control (MAC) protocols can ensure fair and efficient sharing of channel resources among multiple vehicles for VANETs, which can provide timely packet transmissions and significantly improve road safety. In this paper, we review the standards of some countries for VANETs. Then, we divide the MAC protocols proposed for VANETs into single-channel MAC protocols and multi-channel MAC protocols according to the number of physical occupied spectrum resources. Both are further discussed based on their hierarchical structures, i.e., distributed and centralized structures. General design and optimization mechanisms of these commonly used MAC protocols for VANETs are reviewed. From the viewpoint of 7 aspects, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of these typical MAC protocols. Finally, we discuss the open issues to improve the MAC performance and future work on MAC design for VANETs.

scholarly journals Controversies and consensus in research on dialogic teaching and learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa S. C. Asterhan ◽  
Christine Howe ◽  
Adam Lefstein ◽  
Eugene Matusov ◽  
Alina Reznitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Dialogic Teaching ◽  
Dialogic Pedagogy ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Classroom Dialogue ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Scholarly interest in dialogic pedagogy and classroom dialogue is multi-disciplinary and draws on a variety of theoretical frameworks. On the positive side, this has produced a rich and varied body of research and evidence. However, in spite of a common interest in educational dialogue and learning through dialogue, cross-disciplinary engagement with each other’s work is rare. Scholarly discussions and publications tend to be clustered in separate communities, each characterized by a particular type of research questions, aspects of dialogue they focus on, type of evidence they bring to bear, and ways in which standards for rigor are constructed. In the present contribution, we asked four leading scholars from different research traditions to react to four provocative statements that were deliberately designed to reveal areas of consensus and disagreement[1]. Topic-wise, the provocations related to theoretical foundations, methodological assumptions, the role of teachers, and issues of inclusion and social class, respectively. We hope that these contributions will stimulate cross- and trans-disciplinary discussions about dialogic pedagogy research and theory.[1] The authors of this article are five scholars, the dialogic provocateur and the four respondents. The order of appearance of the authors was determined alphabetically.

The Place of Treaties in the Codification and Progressive Development of International Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Georgio Gaja
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court

Codification of international law may be pursued by various methods. This contribution analyzes advantages and disadvantages of codification conventions. Treaties defined as codification conventions express customary rules in a revised form. They often contain provisions that cover matters not previously regulated or that supplement or specify existing rules. Whether a treaty displaces a customary rule in the relations between the states that are parties generally is a matter of interpretation of the relevant treaty. The limited number of ratifications of codification conventions that have entered into force raises problems concerning the relations between these conventions and customary rules. The present contribution also examines the consideration by the International Court of Justice of the relations between codification conventions and customary rules. In many cases, the Court has not provided reasons for concluding that the content of the customary rule corresponds to that of a provision in the codification convention. In recent years, the General Assembly has often chosen not to promote a codification convention, but there is no good reason for abandoning recourse to an instrument that has significantly contributed to the development of international law in several areas.

On the Creation of Competitive Business Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
A. E. Gavrilov ◽  
E. A. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Aim. The presented study aims to examine, analyze, and systematize scientific knowledge in the field of infrastructure systems for the formation of conditions for creating competitive modern enterprises based on IT technologies.Tasks. The authors define the concept of innovation infrastructure; analyze the external and internal environment of providing a competitive infrastructure for business structures; determine the specific aspects of the formation of theoretical foundations of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures; examine the potential for the digitalization of the economy in the infrastructure support for the creation of competitiveness of business structures.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to critically analyze modern mechanisms of infrastructure support for the competitive advantages of innovation-oriented business structures.Results. External institutions participating in the innovation process in Russia are examined and typified. Their specific features are identified, and the history of their formation and role in the infrastructure are described. The concept of infrastructure support is examined. A correlation between innovation infrastructure and the creation of the competitive advantages of business structures is established.Conclusions. Based on the examined materials, the authors describe the prospects of using modern information technologies in the design of infrastructure for innovative projects. The study provides recommendations for the transformation of competitiveness support institutions and modernization of the management of the internal elements of innovative business infrastructure in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The authors create prerequisites for the development of an advanced digital application that would combine and balance a lot of data and aspects of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures, improving the efficiency of development of innovative projects, their implementation, and management of business structure competitiveness.

Parallelizing Genetic Algorithms

2008 ◽  
pp. 284-307
Author(s):  
Iker Gondra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Premature Convergence ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Parallel Ga ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Genetic Algorithms (GA), which are based on the idea of optimizing by simulating the natural processes of evolution, have proven successful in solving complex problems that are not easily solved through conventional methods. This chapter introduces their major steps, operators, theoretical foundations, and problems. A parallel GA is an extension of the classical GA that takes advantage of a GA’s inherent parallelism to improve its time performance and reduce the likelihood of premature convergence. An overview of different models for parallelizing GAs is presented along with a discussion of their main advantages and disadvantages. A case study: A parallel GA for finding Ramsey Numbers is then presented. According to Ramsey Theory, a sufficiently large system (no matter how random) will always contain highly organized subsystems. The role of Ramsey numbers is to quantify some of these existential theorems. Finding Ramsey numbers has proven to be a very difficult task that has led researchers to experiment with different methods of accomplishing this task. The objective of the case study is both to illustrate the typical process of GA development and to verify the superior performance of parallel GAs in solving some of the problems (e.g., premature convergence) of traditional GAs.

scholarly journals role and importance of the digital economy in the development of innovative

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulugbek Narmanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Efficiency Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Different Levels

The research reveals that theoretical foundations, stages, driving forces, efficiency factors of modern digitalization are considered as digital economy. The key components of the term “digital economy” are presented: digital technologies, ecosystems and transformations, taking into account their interconnection and interdependence, as well as continuity with the previously developed conceptual series - informatization, intellectualization and robotization. Also, the article presents a clear understanding of the object and subject of research, the importance of the essence of the digital economy phenomenon and the stages of its development. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between digital technologies, innovative and economic development, describe the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization for countries with different levels of economic development. It is noted that the digital economy is an integral part of the information (digital) environment, forming in accordance with the needs of the real sector of the economy and the needs of society, changing under the influence of technological innovations.

scholarly journals DROP SHIPPING DEVELOPMENT UNDER COVID-19 CIRCUMSTANCES AS THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF E-COMMERCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pokhylko ◽  
T. Dvorianova ◽  
E. Voloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Inventory Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This article is devoted to analysis of the theoretical foundations and economic essence of drop shipping and the influence of COVID-19 on drop shipping development. The authors conducted bibliometric analysis of the most relevant publications in the Scopus database. The most cited publications on this theme are presented in the paper. Systematization of the scientific background shows that e-commerce exponential growth enhances the impact of drop shipping on developments in business processes. Thus, such an e-commerce drop-shipping supply chain has many advantages. One of them is evident in collaboration with manufacturers and the search for consumers to be supplied for buying their goods and services. Concomitantly, a drop shipper advertises a product to a producer on drop shipper’s own websites employing all the marketing strategies and taking orders from the clients. The authors particularly noted the features of inventory management when such a method of e-commerce is used. The reason is that there is no need for a drop shipper to store any products. Hence, the inventory costs are drastically cut. This paper analyzes the main drop shipping tools and their advantages for improving business indicators. The paper embodies the essence of dropshipping from a drop shipper side. The article carries out an analysis of drop shipping types, the most common e-commerce platforms and marketing tools to improve the running the business. This work compares advantages and disadvantages of drop shipping for both a seller and a buyer. Author's algorithm of drop shipping– steps of the drop shipping model functioning - is presented in the work as well as current statistics of the interrelation of the pandemic COVID-19 and a tremendous growth of e-commerce. It was defined that the sales amount among some product categories has soared several times as the pandemic started in the world. Clients preferred to purchase toiletries, medication, food, books, clothes and shoes in online stores. The results of the scientific study are analysis of the major indicators of the drop shipping market and forecast for the future rise in such purchases without a straight participation of producers. Due to the fact that this drop shipping innovative concept provides flexibility and time saving, the clients do not have to visit brick-and-stick stores. Which is attractive to clientele and used widely during the lockdown.

scholarly journals Organizational and Methodological Issues of the RF National Projects’ Development and Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
N. N. Bondareva ◽  
N. I. Komkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Implementation Experience ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to consider the usage of targeted methodological and organizational methods of complex socio-economic development management, as well as to research the practice of developing national-scale projects and programs.Methods: the methodology of the study is based on the theoretical foundations of target processes management for solving complex development problems, system analysis methods, research of operations and economic analysis of complex system development.Results: consideration of the implementation experience of the Russian Federation national projects and programs since 2005 helps to identify both advantages and disadvantages in solving social and economic problems. Organizational and methodological shortcomings of national projects development, as well as estimation of limitations and difficulties for complete goals achievement in the chosen case projects have been presented.Conclusions and Relevance: the presented national projects aimed at achieving the goals of the May Decree of the President of the Russian Federation should serve as a guide for the concentration of financial, logistical and intellectual resources to solve national large-scale complex problems. Methodological and organizational shortcomings in the national projects launching, which create significant risks to successful and on-time achievement of the national goals specified in the President’s Decree, were noted.

scholarly journals Appreciating Entrepreneurship: A New Approach for Field Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Woodfield ◽  
Christine Woods ◽  
Deborah Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Appreciative Inquiry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing an appreciative inquiry approach for entrepreneurship research within the family business context. We argue that there is an opportunity to shift the focus of family business studies from a“deficit oriented approach” toward adopting a positive organizational lens through“appreciative inquiry” principles. We review the background to appreciative inquiry including from its inception in the 1980s; the definitions, principles, models for appreciative inquiry; and the theoretical foundations of the appreciative inquiry approach. We will draw on examples from a recent study that applied appreciative inquiry principles to investigate what worked well in entrepreneurial family businesses. By exploring the generative characteristics, we are better placed to understand the strengths of a family firm. This leads to research that presents what works well, and can be built on in family businesses, rather than objectifying the problems to be solved. Our contribution lies in how, as a positive organizational lens, appreciative inquiry principles inform research in the entrepreneurial family business context. In practice, finding the advantages and disadvantages of using an appreciative protocol could lead to future studies adopting this lens, and possibly past studies being reinvigorated with a shift of focus.

Markov Process-Based Availability Analysis of Rendering Cluster Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 1024-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Bin Wang ◽  
Zhi Guo Hong ◽  
Min Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Continuous Time Markov Chain ◽  
Cluster Systems ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Mode Failure

Considering common mode failure (CMF) in the rendering cluster systems, the availability of rendering cluster systems with the increase of cluster’s number was studied. Firstly, based on availability of system with one cluster node, system with two cluster nodes was modeled with continuous time markov chain (CTMC) model. Then, the CTMC model was extended to the case of system with three cluster nodes. Furthermore, by solving these three CTMC models, availability for different cases were numerically deduced. Additionally, during one year the unavailable time for different cases was calculated and analysis by comparison was conducted. Finally, conclusions on different cases’ advantages and disadvantages are derived thereby, which offers theoretical foundations for establishing rendering cluster systems.

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