METAFICTION AND DROSTE EFFECT IN THE NOVEL “IF ON A WINTER’S NIGHT A TRAVELER” BY ITALO CALVINO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Phuong Khanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Italo Calvino ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Open Structure ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
Role Limitation ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Reader Involvement

f on a winter's night a traveler is considered one of the greatest novels by Italian writer Italo Calvino. Published in 1979, this literary work, which belongs to the postmodernist narrative style in the form of a frame story, tells about a reader trying to read a book with the same title from beginning to end. Much of the story’s content was written in the second-person’s narration, implying that “you” (the Reader) are the protagonist of the novel. Embedded inside are ten short stories (the loose ends of different novels) read by the main character, which causes the book to constantly switch between settings, narrators, and styles. If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler is truly a perfect illustration for the literary style characterized by metafiction and postmodernism. The novel is a conscious textual play with various techniques employed such as authorial role limitation, reader involvement in the plot line, open structure, non-linearity, fragmentation, multiplicity, and intertextuality. By effectively using these devices, Calvino deconstructs the traditional novel form and creates a new structure which shows a parallel between the processes of writing and reading a text. Calvino acts as the supreme game-master taking control of both the characters and the real players, who have been pushed into this game-like novel. This article focuses on analyzing the charactericstics of metafiction, the Droste effect and deconstruction in Calvino’s novel If on a winter's night a traveler, thereby helping to grasp his playful language and his narrative techniques as well as to discover his metafictional discourse.

The use of second person pronouns in a literary work

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen de Hoop ◽  
Lotte Hogeweg
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Pronoun

AbstractFor this study we investigated all occurrences of Dutch second person pronoun subjects in a literary novel, and determined their interpretation. We found two patterns that can both be argued to be functionally related to the de-velopment of the story. First, we found a decrease in the generic use of second person, a decrease which we believe goes hand in hand with an increased distancing of oneself as a reader from the narrator/main character. Second, we found an increase in the use of the descriptive second person. The increased descriptive use of second person pronouns towards the end of the novel is very useful for the reader, because the information provided by the first person narrator himself becomes less and less reliable. Thus, the reader depends more strongly on information provided by other characters and what these characters tell the narrator about himself.

The Religiosity of Javanese Society in Modern Indonesian Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Patricia Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Community Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Islamic Values

A good literary work can provide information about various kinds of community life,including life related to religiosity. Literary works are closely related to religisiutas,because of that, various works appearing showing the religiosity of society, one ofwhich is the Javanese. Modern Indonesian literary works that illustrate this are thecollection of short stories from Umi Kalsum by Djamil Suherman, the lyrical prosePengakuan Pariyem by Linus Suryadi AG, and the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk byAhmad Tohari. Each of these works represents the diversity of Javanese society. Thecollection of short stories from Umi Kalsum shows the religious side of the communitycalled the santri who are so obedient in carrying out their worship. The lyrical proseof Pariyem's confession provides information on how a babu is so resigned to seeinglife, but in her soul holds the wisdom of Kejawen. Meanwhile, Ronggeng Dukuh Parukdescribes the Javanese people who worship the spirits of their ancestors. Even thoughthey have different religions, they basically want harmony. Javanese people who livein santri enjoy harmony when they live with strong Islamic values. The Javanesepeople of the Gunung Kidul area live in harmony if they are always nrimo and see lifeas it is according to its Javanese nature. The Dukuh Paruk community attainsharmony that originates from the worship of the spirit of Ki Secamenggala.

scholarly journals Mythe de beauté et image de soi chez une adolescente dans « Robert des noms propres » d’Amelie Nothomb

FRANCISOLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Tania INTAN
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Relationship

RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude vise donc à prouver surtout la relation entre le ballet, l'anorexie, et l'image de soi chez le personnage principal du roman Robert des Noms Propres, écrit en 2013 par Amélie Nothomb, une auteure francophone de Belgique. Cette recherche utilise la méthode d'analyse descriptive, pour obtenir une vue holistique des problèmes dans l'œuvre littéraire, qui ont été étudié en utilisant l'approche psychologique. Cette écriture est préparée en utilisant un large éventail de documents liés au thème du ballet, l'anorexie, et l'image de soi chez les filles. Le résultat de la recherche montre qu'il existe une relation causale entre ces trois elements cités. Le trouble de l'alimentation s’est montré depuis l’enfance du personnage principal qui devient anorexique en raison d'un traumatisme, les influences de l'environnement, ainsi que les exigences de sa profession en tant que danseuse de ballet. Cette recherche apporte également l’information que l’image de soi chez l’adolescente s’est formé dans les aspects cognitifs, affectifs, et psychomotoriques. Mots-clés : ballet, anorexie, image de soi, adolescente ABSTRACT. This study aims to prove above all the relationship between ballet, anorexia, and self-image in the main character of the novel Robert des Noms Propres, written in 2013 by Amélie Nothomb, a French-speaking author from Belgium. This research uses the method of descriptive analysis, to obtain a holistic view of the problems in the literary work, which were studied using the psychological approach. This writing is prepared using a wide range of documents related to the theme of ballet, anorexia, and self-image in girls. The result of the research shows that there is a causal relationship between these three elements. The eating disorder has been shown since the childhood of the main character who becomes anorexic due to trauma, environmental influences, as well as the demands of her profession as a ballet dancer. This research also brings the information that the adolescent's self-image has formed in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric aspects. Keywords: ballet, anorexia, self-image, adolescent girls

scholarly journals البنية الفنية في الرواية الماليزية “في إطار العالم الثاني” لعزيزي الحاج عبد الله: دراسة تحليلية / Artistic Construction in Malaysian Novel “Mandala Dunia Kedua” by Azizi Haji Abdullah’s”: An Analytical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-252
Author(s):  
Nursafirah binti Ahmad Safian
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Narrative Techniques

ملخص البحث: تتناول هذه الدراسة البنية الفنية في رواية "Mandala Dunia Kedua" بمعنى (في إطار العالم الثاني) للكاتب الماليزي عزيزي الحاج عبد الله وتهدف إلى إظهار إبداعية الكاتب في صياغتها في روايته. تعتمد الباحثة في هذه الدراسة على الوصف والتحليل؛ إذ تقوم بتحليل العناصر الفنية الموجودة في الرواية المختارة مع التنويه بمظاهر الإبداع الفني فيها، أمثال: العنونة، والاستهلال، وبناء المكان والزمن، ورسم الشخصيات، والصراعات، وبناء الأحداث، والحبكة الفنية، والأساليب السردية، واللغة والحوار، والصور البيانية، والنهاية التي تختم الرواية. تحاول هذه الدراسة الإسهام في إثراء الدراسات النقدية في الأدب الماليزي، جنباً إلى جنب أنها تسهم في تعريف هذا النوع من الآداب لمجتمع العرب. ومما توصّلت إليه الباحثة من خلال هذه الدراسة أن الكاتب استخدم عنواناً مجازياً كما أنه وفّق في رسم الشخصيات وبناء الأحداث، على الرغم من أن الحبكة الفنية للرواية مفككة. ومن التقنيات السردية التي لجأ إليها الكاتب ضمير الغائب، والوصف، والاسترجاع، والتداعي، والحذف، والرسالة. وجدت الدراسة أيضاً أن الكاتب وظّف الصور البيانية كالتشبيه والمجاز والاستعارة في روايته بشكل واسع، كما أنه قارن الحياة الاجتماعية التي تعيش فيها كل من الأشجار والحيوانات بالحياة الاجتماعية التي يعيش فيها الناس المدنيون. وهذا يومئ إلى أن الكاتب دعا القراء إلى التأمل في حياة الأشجار والحيوانات وطبائعها بشكل غير مباشر.   الكلمات المفتاحية: الرواية –عزيزي الحاج عبد الله–البنية–المجتمع الملايوي.     Abstract   This study undertakes the aesthetical structure in the novel “Mandala Dunia Kedua” by a Malaysian writer Azizi Haji Abdullah that aims to identify his creativity in constructing his novel. The study is descriptive and analytical; it analyses selected aesthetical elements in the novel while explaining the creative features contained in them namely: the titling, the introduction, spatio-temporal construction, character building, conflicts, events formulation, plot development, narrative style, language and dialogue, imageries and the ending. This study intends to enrich critical studies in Malay literature while introducing this indigenous work to the Arabic reader. Among the conclusions of this study: the writer uses a figurative title and has successfully building the characters and developing the events, although that the plot seems to be scattered. Among the narrative techniques used by the writer are: third person pronoun, description, flashback, deconstruction, omission and message. He also use analogy and metaphor extensively. He also compares the ‘social’ life of trees and animal with that of civilized human, an implicit invitation to human to look into the life of these creations. Keywords: Novel – Azizi Haji Abdullah – Aesthetical Structure – The Titiwangsa Montain Range – Malay Society     Abstrak Kajian ini menumpukan kepada struktur estetika dalam novel “Mandala Dunia Kedua” oleh penulis Azizi Haji Abdullah dan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kreativiti beliau dalam membangunkan novel beliau. Kajian ini adalah deskriptif dan analitikal; ia menganalisa beberapa unsur estetika terpilih dalam novel tersebut sambil menerangkan beberapa unsur kreatif yang terdapat padanya seperti; penjudulan, pengenalan, pembinaan aspek masa dan tempat, pembinaan watak, konflik, formulasi kejadian, perkembangan plot, stail naratif, bahasa dan perbualan, gambaran dan pengakhiran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan lagi kajian kritikal dalam sastera Melayu di samping memperkenalkan karya tempatan kepada pembaca Arab. Di antara dapatan kajian ini ialah: penulis menggunakan judul yang figurative dan telah dengan jayanya membina watak dan mengembangkan kejadian, walaupun plotnya kelihatan berterabur. Di antara teknik naratif yang digunakan oleh penulis ialah: gantinama ketiga, perincian, imbasan kembali, dekonstruksi, pemadaman dan mesej. Beliau juga menggunakan perbandingan dan perlambangan secara meluas. Beliau juga membandingkan aspek sosial hidupnya pokok-pokok dan haiwan dengan kehidupan manusia; satu pelawaan yang tersirat kepada bangsa manusia agar melihat kehidupan kejadian-kejadian ini. Kata kunci: Novel – Azizi Haji Abdullah – Struktur Estetika – Banjaran Titiwangsa – Masyarakat Melayu.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ASPEK KEJIWAAN TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL HATI SUHITA KARYA KHILMA ANIS (TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Nanda Maulana Hasmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Psychological Conflict ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Relationship Of

Literary work tries to describe human life, not only in relation to other humans, but also in relation to itself through the relationship of inner events. One form of literary work is novel. The birth of the novel is the creative result of the author in processing a story about life complete with various conflicts in it. Because this research is intended as a study of literary psychology to achieve the psychological aspects of the main character in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, what will be put forward is the structure of the story which is closely related to the psychological exposure of the main character. The story structure is the characters and characterizations. As well as the story setting. Qualitative method. Namely, research procedures that produce qualitative descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. How as much data as possible will be able to become the subject of research depends on the use of research techniques. While the approach is a literary assessment perspective. The approach is the scope of literary research. The form, content, and nature of literature as the subject of study. Until now, it seems that in literary research there is often confusion between the use of the terms method, technique and approach. As a result, there are overlapping areas of literary research. The method should involve the operational means of research. The method requires research steps that are worth following. The research results found by the researcher were in the form of the character of the main character and psychological conflicts in Khilma Anis' novel Hati Suhita. Suhita's character is good, tawadhu, smart. Al Birruni is firm, easy to change. Rengganis beautiful, smart. Aruna is good, cheerful. Kang Dharma is calm, mature. And the psychological conflict of Suhita's character is sad. Al Birruni didn't have the heart, Rengganis knew himself, Aruna was sad, and Kang Dharma was calm. In connection with conducting the research, the writer suggests that: first, literary reviewers are advised to examine more deeply the implicit and explicit values in Khilma Anis' novel Hati Suhita, because then we as readers can understand the author's message and his work in totality.

scholarly journals A “STRANGENESS IN MY MIND” BY ORHAN PAMUK – HOW THE NOVEL IS MADE

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Tsvetan RAKYOVSKI
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Private Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orhan Pamuk ◽  
Postmodern Novel ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
The City

e article explores the diversity of narrative techniques in Orhan Pamuk’s novel A Strangeness in My Mind. The main idea is that the drama of a private life is told against the background of the drama of the life of Istanbul. To do this, the novel parallels the biographical ‘I’ of the main character and the historical ‘He’ of the City. This comparison provokes the idea of the novel’s close relation to the history of Istanbul and Turkey over the last fifty years. Orhan Pamuk does not spare the reader any of the specific, purely "Turkish problems" with the Kurds and Greeks, as well as the radical and conservative moods and public discontent from the 1950s to the 1980s. The narrative line is developed slowly and minutely,owing to the author's intention to authenticate real events through the perspective of fictional characters and vice versa - to romanticize cultural and purely civilizational processes in the last half century of the development of this part of the border between Europe and Asia. This is the only way to explain the presence of the problem of women's emancipation and the lack of that misunderstood "patriotism" which often prevents the depiction of purely national processes in life. This refutes the widespread opinion that A Strangeness in My Mind is a postmodern novel.

scholarly journals Busca el libro! : la intervención de Sherlock Holmes y D'Artagnan en El Club Dumas de Arturo Pérez-Reverte

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mária Dornbach ◽  
Arturo Pérez-Reverte
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Complex Character ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
Literary Work Of Art ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Historical References

The essay examines Arturo Pérez-Reverte's novel The Dumas Club. The novel can be categorized as a literary crime story; it maintains the characteristics of traditional detective fiction, but, as the author points out, it also presents the use of refined and complex narrative techniques. Pérez Reverte offers a dizzying array of cultural, literary and historical references, which all carry a metaphoric layer of meaning and expand the narrative space and time of the novel into infinity. Similarly to the Greek tradition and the characteristics of the literature of adventure, defined by Bakhtin, the condensed time and space become the principal motivators for the action. The complex system of symbols, the chronotopical motives and the metatextual references offer different layers of possible interpretations and provide a complex character portrayal. Pérez-Reverte's characters embody Sherlock Holmes and other famous detectives; at the same time, they evoke the classic heroes of The Three Muskateers, and often bear similarities to the author himself, and to important literary predecessors. Each of the 16 chapters of the novel is preceded by a motto taken from a famous literary work of art; these quotations function as an incipit, advancing and, at the same time, reflecting to the most important elements of the chapter.

scholarly journals The novel mandiangin

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sur Yani
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
Valuable Lesson ◽  
The People ◽  
Ancient Times

Novel Mandiangin has been approved and published in a book that has 142 pages written by Hary B, Koriun is a literary work in 2008. In this novel tells the story of the destruction of a village that can reap a valuable lesson from this novel mainly lies in disappointment and injustice. In the academic, field the lessons of this novel are more centered on harmony among the people. the narrative style used in the Mandiangin novel is quite unique and different from the others, such as the narrative used is structured starting from ancient times onwards. The use of symbolism in the novel Mandiangin is more about the combination of language between Malay and Indonesian. The prominent reason for reviewing this novel is because so that this novel can give us an impression and it is very interesting to review more about the ins and outs of this novel.

scholarly journals Ni Krining, Antara Pengorbanan dan Perlawanan dalam Budaya Patriarki Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Khothibul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Real World ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Patriarchal Culture

A literature is a reflection of real world reality. A writer wrote it in a literary work. One of the themes of short stories in Indonesia is the theme of women's resistance in traditional and cultural circles. The short story "The First Night of a Priest" by Gde Aryantha Soethama tries to offer the theme. The main character in the short story is Ni Krining, a Balinese woman from a lower caste who is married to a Brahman caste. The situation makes Ni Krining must accept polygamy. Behind his sacrifice, Ni Krining has resisted the cultural system in his environment and made his existence recognized. This study uses an existentialist feminism study to explore various reasons that make Ni Krining gain recognition in its environment which is dominated by patriarchal culture.

scholarly journals GAY REPRESENTATION IN BECKY ALBERTALLI'S SIMON VS THE HOMO SAPIENS AGENDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Irvan Gading ◽  
Linusia Marsih
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Opposite Sex

This study aims to reveal gay habitus in Becky Albertalli's Simon VS The Homo Sapiens Agenda. This study is descriptive qualitative which applies both intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. The intrinsic approach is applied due to the fact that the study deals with the characterization of the main character in the novel. Moreover, the sociological approach is applied because the study is primarily concerned with a social phenomenon reflected in  literary work as the novel portrays the representation of gay habitus reflected in the attitude and behaviours of one of the main characters in the novel. In revealing the gay habitus reflected in the novel, Bourdieu's theory of habitus is applied. The discussion is focused on the Simon's habitation as a gay and the factors that contribute to the formation of Simon's habitus as a gay. The result of the study shows that Simon develops gay habitus. The representations of his gay habitus include are having no attraction to the opposite sex, adoring the same sex, obsessing and fantasizing about the same sex, feeling jealous and cynical to the suspected competitors, and falling in love with the same sex. There are two factors that support the development of Simon's gay habitus i.e. primary and secondary socialization.

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