scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Activities of Ethanolic Leave Extract of Acalypha Wilkesiana in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Iyamu A. O. ◽  
Otamere H. O. ◽  
Akpamu U. ◽  
Nwadike I. ◽  
Njoku O. U. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Stimulation Of

Diabetes is a rampant metabolic disorder of insulin deficiency or resistance. In support of the alternative therapy quest, this study investigates the antidiabetic actions of ethanolic leave extract of Acalypha wilkesiana (A. wilkesiana) in diabetic rats. The study was conducted in 3 phases using streptozotocin (50mg/kg) induced diabetic adult Wistar rats. In phase one, 18 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups (n=6) and treated with distilled-water (10ml/kg), glimepiride (0.1mg/kg) and ethanolic leave extract of A. wilkesiana (250mg/kg) respectively. On separate 18 diabetic rats (phase two), 5% glucose (10ml/kg) was administered after treatments as in phase one. Blood glucose was measured at 0 and 30-minute intervals for 180 minutes in both phases. On another 18 diabetic rats (phase three), similar treatments were given daily for 14 days. Blood glucose was measured at day 0, 3 days after induction, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days treatments. ANOVA was carried out with p <0.05 as significant. The results showed progressively hypoglycemic actions significant from the 90th minute with glimepiride (285.17±12.09mg/dl) and the 120th minute with the extract (279.83±14.88mg/dl) through 180 minutes compared to control in 1st-phase. There was a significant obliterating effect on glucose-induced hyperglycemia in a time-dependent manner at 90th through 180th minutes after glucose loading in glimepiride and extract-treated groups compared to control (2nd phase). Streptozotocin-induced decreased body weight was improved in glimepiride and extract-treated groups by days 7 and 14 and there was a significant steady duration-dependent decrease in blood glucose from the 3rd to 14th day of treatments compared to control. The findings suggest that ethanolic leaves extract of A. wilkesiana possesses antidiabetic action probably through stimulation of pancreatic β-cells or improves insulin action.

scholarly journals Mechanism of antidiabetic effects of Plicosepalus Acaciae flower in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats, as complementary and alternative therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed-I Kotb El-Sayed ◽  
Shaza Al-Massarani ◽  
Ali El Gamal ◽  
Amina El-Shaibany ◽  
Hassan M Al-Mahbashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Abstract Background Diabetes and its related complications remain to be a major clinical problem. We aim to investigate the antidiabetic mechanistic actions of Plicosepalus Acaciae (PA) flowers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods After diabetes induction, rats were divided randomly into five groups, including: 1) normal control group, 2) diabetic control group, 3) diabetic group treated with 150 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of PA flowers, 4) diabetic group treated with 300 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of PA flowers, and 5) diabetic group treated with 150 mg/kg of metformin. After 15 days of treatment; fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c%), insulin, C-peptide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), triglyceride (TGs), total cholesterol (Tc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very LDL (VLDL), high DLc (HDL-c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were assessed. Histopathology of pancreas was also assessed. Results The results showed that PA flower ethanolic extract significantly reduced blood glucose, HBA1c%, MDA, TGs, Tc, VLDL, LDL-c, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in a dose-dependent manner. All these parameters were already increased by diabetic induction in the untreated diabetic group. Treatment of diabetic rats with PA flower increased insulin, HDL-c, GSH, catalase, and SOD levels. Histological examination showed that the PA flower caused reconstruction, repair, and recovery of damaged pancreas when compared with the untreated group. Conclusions PA flower has a potential role in the management of diabetes as complementary and alternative therapy, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and insulin secretagogue effects.

Overexpression of the Coactivator Bridge-1 Results in Insulin Deficiency and Diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Volinic ◽  
Jee H. Lee ◽  
Kazuhiro Eto ◽  
Varinderpal Kaur ◽  
Melissa K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Pdz Domain ◽  
Insulin Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells

Abstract Multiple forms of heritable diabetes are associated with mutations in transcription factors that regulate insulin gene transcription and the development and maintenance of pancreatic β-cell mass. The coactivator Bridge-1 (PSMD9) regulates the transcriptional activation of glucose-responsive enhancers in the insulin gene in a dose-dependent manner via PDZ domain-mediated interactions with E2A transcription factors. Here we report that the pancreatic overexpression of Bridge-1 in transgenic mice reduces insulin gene expression and results in insulin deficiency and severe diabetes. Dysregulation of Bridge-1 signaling increases pancreatic apoptosis with a reduction in the number of insulin-expressing pancreatic β-cells and an expansion of the complement of glucagon-expressing pancreatic α-cells in pancreatic islets. Increased expression of Bridge-1 alters pancreatic islet, acinar, and ductal architecture and disrupts the boundaries between endocrine and exocrine cellular compartments in young adult but not neonatal mice, suggesting that signals transduced through this coactivator may influence postnatal pancreatic islet morphogenesis. Signals mediated through the coactivator Bridge-1 may regulate both glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell survival. We propose that coactivator dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells can limit insulin production and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.

scholarly journals Study of blood glucose and insulin infusion rate in real-time in diabetic rats using an artificial pancreas system

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254718
Author(s):  
Omer Batuhan Kirilmaz ◽  
Akshay Radhakrishna Salegaonkar ◽  
Justin Shiau ◽  
Guney Uzun ◽  
Hoo Sang Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells

Artificial pancreas system (APS) is an emerging new treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to develop a rat APS as a research tool and demonstrate its application. We established a rat APS using Medtronic Minimed Pump 722, Medtronic Enlite sensor, and the open artificial pancreas system as a controller. We tested different dilutions of Humalog (100 units/ml) in saline ranged from 1:3 to 1:20 and determined that 1:7 dilution works well for rats with ~500g bodyweight. Blood glucose levels (BGL) of diabetic rats fed with chow diet (58% carbohydrate) whose BGL was managed by the closed-loop APS for the total duration of 207h were in euglycemic range (70–180 mg/dl) for 94.5% of the time with 2.1% and 3.4% for hyperglycemia (>180mg/dl) and hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl), respectively. Diabetic rats fed with Sucrose pellets (94.8% carbohydrate) for the experimental duration of 175h were in euglycemic range for 61% of the time with 35% and 4% for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, respectively. Heathy rats fed with chow diet showed almost a straight line of BGL ~ 95 mg/dl (average 94.8 mg/dl) during the entire experimental period (281h), which was minimally altered by food intake. In the healthy rats, feeding sucrose pellets caused greater range of BGL in high and low levels but still within euglycemic range (99.9%). Next, to study how healthy and diabetic rats handle supra-physiological concentrations of glucose, we intraperitoneally injected various amounts of 50% dextrose (2, 3, 4g/kg) and monitored BGL. Duration of hyperglycemia after injection of 50% dextrose at all three different concentrations was significantly greater for healthy rats than diabetic rats, suggesting that insulin infusion by APS was superior in reducing BGL as compared to natural insulin released from pancreatic β-cells. Ex vivo studies showed that islets isolated from diabetic rats were almost completely devoid of pancreatic β-cells but with intact α-cells as expected. Lipid droplet deposition in the liver of diabetic rats was significantly lower with higher levels of triacylglyceride in the blood as compared to those of healthy rats, suggesting lipid metabolism was altered in diabetic rats. However, glycogen storage in the liver determined by Periodic acid-Schiff staining was not altered in diabetic rats as compared to healthy rats. A rat APS may be used as a powerful tool not only to study alterations of glucose and insulin homeostasis in real-time caused by diet, exercise, hormones, or antidiabetic agents, but also to test mathematical and engineering models of blood glucose prediction or new algorithms for closed-loop APS.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF HIGH-RESISTANT STARCH ANALOG RICE THROUGH GLP-1 AND INSULIN OR HIGH-RESISTANT STARCH ANALOG RICE ATTENUATES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL THROUGH ENHANCEMENT OF GLP-1 AND INSULIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
HAIRRUDIN ◽  
SOETJIPTO ◽  
RETNO HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Treatment Groups

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of analog rice (AR) on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin serum levels, glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) expression, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats divided into the control group (n=10) and the experimental group. High-fat diet and streptozotocin were administered in experimental groups, which then divided into four equal groups (n=10, each) (negative control group, rice group, AR1 and AR2 group, given standard pellet, rice pellet, AR1 and AR2 pellet, respectively, for 6 weeks). GLP-1 and insulin serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of GLUT-2 and the number of pancreatic β-cells observed using an immunohistochemistry method. Results: FBG levels in the AR1 and AR2 groups decreased, while the rice group remained. GLP-1 serum levels of the negative control and rice groups were not significantly different from the control group, while the AR1 and AR2 groups higher than the control group (p≤0.05). All the treatment groups had insulin serum levels significantly lower than control group (p≤0.05), except the AR1 group. The expression of GLUT-2 and the number of pancreatic β-cells in the treatment groups were less than the control group, but between treatment groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: AR significantly effective in reducing FBG level in diabetic rats through stimulation of increased GLP-1 and insulin serum levels serum levels but AR did not affect on the expression of GLUT-2.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 761-766
Author(s):  
Asra Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation

Herbal therapies always remain a potential source of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Plants or combination of plants improve the healing action and lessen the adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs. The present research was designed to evaluate antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulation consisting of Sphaeranthus indicus, Caesalpinia bonduc, Bunium persicum, Artemisia absinthium, Cuminum cyminum, Swertia chirata, Gymnema sylvestra, and Citrullus colocynthis in alloxanized diabetic rats. Quantitative phytochemical, RP-HPLC, DPPH and in vitro alpha amylase analyses of formulation were performed. Rats were grouped into six groups (n=15/group) named as control, diabetic control, glibenclamide treated, Treated I, Treated II and Treated III. Hyperglycemic rats of treated groups I, II and III were administered polyherbal formulation at dose rate of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg respectively for 8 weeks after induction of diabetes with alloxan monohydrate (150, IP). The results have shown that alloxan significantly increased fasting blood glucose (531.81±4.29) and serum glucose (526.0±6.26) levels. However, 8-weeks treatment of hyperglycemic rats with polyherbal formulation significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose (156.82±4.51), serum glucose (148.8±4.04) and increased C-peptide and liver glycogen levels. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TAC and TOS were also restored towards normal. Histopathological analysis of pancreas also showed increase in size and number of pancreatic β cells after polyherbal formulation treatment compared to diabetic group. This study shows that polyherbal formulation has antidiabetic potential as it can improve performance of pancreatic β cells and insulin secretory capacity by reducing hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induced β cells apoptosis

scholarly journals Vanadyl Sulfate Treatment Stimulates Proliferation and Regeneration of Beta Cells in Pancreatic Islets

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Missaoui ◽  
Khémais Ben Rhouma ◽  
Mohamed-Tahar Yacoubi ◽  
Mohsen Sakly ◽  
Olfa Tebourbi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

We examined the effects of vanadium sulfate (VOSO4) treatment at 5 and 10 mg/kg for 30 days on endocrine pancreas activity and histology in nondiabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In diabetic group, blood glucose levels significantly increased while insulinemia level markedly decreased. At the end of treatment, VOSO4at a dose of 10 mg/Kg normalized blood glucose level in diabetic group, restored insulinemia, and significantly improved insulin sensitivity. VOSO4also increased in a dose-dependent manner the number of insulin immunopositive beta cells in pancreatic islets of nondiabetic rats. Furthermore, in the STZ-diabetic group, the decrease in the number of insulin immunopositive beta cells was corrected to reach the control level mainly with the higher dose of vanadium. Therefore, VOSO4treatment normalized plasma glucose and insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity in STZ-experimental diabetes and induced beta cells proliferation and/or regeneration in normal or diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2440-2454
Author(s):  
D. A. Omoboyowa ◽  
F. O. Afolabi ◽  
T. C. Aribigbola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cells

Background: The anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale (MSBEAO) was investigated using an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Alloxan administration induces the generation of free radicals which can affect antioxidant status resulting in the disruption of the β-cells of the pancreas. Therefore, this study examines the antioxidant potential of the plant extract and the ameliorating effect on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. MSBEAO, at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats and normal rats. The hypoglycemic effect, oral glucose tolerance test, and biochemical assay of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were assayed using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and phenols at moderate concentrations. The lethality dose (LD50) of the plant extract was found to be equal to or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract on the non-diabetic rats revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of animals administered with 1 g/kg b.w. of the extract, compared to normal control rats administered with normal saline. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the methanol extract exerted the highest response, similar to glibenclamide after 15 and 30 minutes of administration, compared to the control rats. The methanol extract yielded the highest blood glucose lowering effects after 9 days of treatment (p<0.05), compared to diabetic rats administered with normal saline and 0.3 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. Administration of the extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. showed improved pancreas architecture and regeneration of the β-cells, compared with the pancreas of animals in the other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that MSBEAO is a potentially effective agent for the management of diabetes which might result from the antioxidant-generating capacity of the stem bark.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) Potentiates, whereas PPARγ Attenuates, Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 3266-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Ravnskjaer ◽  
Michael Boergesen ◽  
Blanca Rubi ◽  
Jan K. Larsen ◽  
Tina Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion

Abstract Fatty acids (FAs) are known to be important regulators of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. FA-coenzyme A esters have been shown to directly stimulate the secretion process, whereas long-term exposure of β-cells to FAs compromises glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by mechanisms unknown to date. It has been speculated that some of these long-term effects are mediated by members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family via an induction of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). In this study we show that adenoviral coexpression of PPARα and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) in INS-1E β-cells synergistically and in a dose- and ligand-dependent manner increases the expression of known PPARα target genes and enhances FA uptake and β-oxidation. In contrast, ectopic expression of PPARγ/RXRα increases FA uptake and deposition as triacylglycerides. Although the expression of PPARα/RXRα leads to the induction of UCP2 mRNA and protein, this is not accompanied by reduced hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, indicating that under these conditions, increased UCP2 expression is insufficient for dissipation of the mitochondrial proton gradient. Importantly, whereas expression of PPARγ/RXRα attenuates GSIS, the expression of PPARα/RXRα potentiates GSIS in rat islets and INS-1E cells without affecting the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results show a strong subtype specificity of the two PPAR subtypes α and γ on lipid partitioning and insulin secretion when systematically compared in a β-cell context.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interplay: A Lifelong On–Off Relationship?

Contact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251525641986122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski ◽  
Roland M. Malli ◽  
Wolfgang F. Graier
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Stimulation Of

This article comments recent publications that highlight an intriguing importance of specific settings in the interaction between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to ensure cell-specific functions like the responsiveness to elevated glucose in pancreatic β-cells. Hence, alterations of the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum communications under various pathological conditions like aging or cancer often come with enhanced Ca2+ transfer that, in turn, yields stimulation of basal mitochondrial activity to meet the increasing adenosine triphosphate demand of the very cell. Such observations identify mitochondria-associated membranes as potential target for new therapeutic strategies against aging or cancer.

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