The Effect of Quenching on High-temperature Heat Treated Mild Steel and its Corrosion Resistanc

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Alaba Oladeji Araoyinbo ◽  
Ayuba Samuel ◽  
Albakri Mohammed Mustapha Abdullah ◽  
Mathew Biodun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Improved Performance

Steel is extensively used in many applications that include construction because of its unique properties and the ease with which its properties can be enhancedfor improved performance. Due to its high malleability and strength, it can be easily machined and welded compared to other types of steel. However, the susceptibility to low performance has been associated with its low resistance to environmental degradation when exposed to corrosive or polluted environments. This study focuses on mild steel heat treatment quenched in four mediums of engine oil, water, palm oil, and air, along with its properties and corrosion susceptibility. The high temperature used for the procedure is 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C, respectively. After the heat treatment procedure, the test samples undergo corrosion testing in the sodium chloride solution for two weeks to observe the presence of corrosion products rust on its surface. The tensile machine was utilized to obtain the mechanical properties, including yield strength, tensile strength, and percentage elongation. The hardness values were obtained using the Rockwell hardness machine, and the optical microscope (OM) was used to observe the effect of the corrosion activity on the sample surface. The results obtained indicate an increase in the hardness, yield, and tensile strength, but the elongation reduces as the temperature increases.

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Treatment on the Impact and Hardness Properties of Mild Steel [ASTM 36] Lap Welded Joint

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01078
Author(s):  
O. M. Ikumapayi ◽  
E. T. Akinlabi ◽  
V. O. Anyoha ◽  
I. D. Uchegbu ◽  
O. L. Rominiyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
The Impact

ASTM A36 is the most used type of mild steel especially in construction and manufacturing industry. Welding process is regularly employed to fix the crack that usually occurs in low carbon mild steel after a long time use especially in construction industry. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties on mild steel [ASTM A36] lap welded joint were investigated. Seven pieces of 60 mm × 300 mm mild steel bar were used for this research. Five samples were heat treated in an electric muffle furnace and soaked at 6000 C for 65 minutes. Two samples were cooled in air and furnace while the remaining three were rapidly quenched in water, spent engine oil and diesel oil each. Hardness and Impact tests specimens were made from the control (as received) sample and the various heat-treated samples. The specimens were joined together using E6361 mild steel arch welding electrode, lap welding joints and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Hardness test and impact test are used to delineate the mechanical properties for heat treated welded specimens and control specimens. It was established from the research work that Brinel Hardness Number (BHN of ASTM A36 lap welded joint cooled/quenched in different media increased it significantly in the Heat affected Zone (HZ) in all the quenching media. There is also a substantial increase in both Impact Energy (IE) and Impact Strength (IS) of heat-treated ASTM A36 lap welded joint when cool/quenched in the air, furnace, water and spent engine oil.

scholarly journals The Effects of Austempered and Quenched & Tempered on Mechanical Properties of Alloyed Grey Cast Iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.12) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Khalissah Yusof ◽  
Farahn Zamri, Nor ◽  
Hayati Saad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Grey Cast Iron ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Grey Cast

In this study, the effects of austempered and quenched & tempered on mechanical properties of grey cast iron with and without the addition of niobium were investigated. The austempering heat treatment started by heating the samples to an austenitizing temperature of 900°C with a soaking time of 90 minutes before quenched in salt bath furnace with a temperature of 360°C and hold for 180 minutes before it been cooled down to room temperature. The quench and tempering process started with heating the samples at 910°C and hold for 33 minutes. Then the samples are quenched by using engine oil before being heated up again to temperature of 400°C with soak time up to 17 minutes before allow it to be cooled at room temperature. The tests conducted include hardness, tensile and impact test. The microstructure of the samples was observed using optical microscope. The fracture surface of the test tensile and impact specimens was analyzed by using S.E.M. observation. The hardness of the as-cast, austempered and quenched & tempered alloyed grey cast iron are higher compared to the hardness of pure grey cast iron. By addition of Niobium, the tensile strength of the grey cast iron increased by 67.49 % compared to pure grey iron. Tensile strength and elongation of the alloyed grey cast iron slightly increased after heat treated. Austempered alloyed grey cast iron resulted the highest value of impact toughness (6.5 J) compared to other specimens. This showed that austempered alloy grey cast iron is the best in absorbing the energy subjected to it.  

VASCOMAX T-300

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract VASCOMAX T-300 is an 18% nickel maraging steel in which titanium is the primary strengthening agent. It develops a tensile strength of about 300,000 psi with simple heat treatment. The alloy is produced by Vacuum Induction Melting/Vacuum Arc Remelting. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-454. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Al 5052-SS 316 Explosive Cladding with Copper Interlayer

2018 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Eswaran Elango ◽  
Somasundaram Saravanan ◽  
Krishnamorthy Raghukandan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Copper Interlayer ◽  
Weld Heat

This study focuses on effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on interfacial and mechanical properties of Al 5052-SS 316 explosive clad with copper interlayer at varied loading ratios and inclination angles. The use of interlayer is proposed for the control of additional kinetic energy dissipation and to alleviate the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface. The Al-Steel clads are subjected to PWHT at varied temperatures (300°C-450°C) for 30 minutes and the results are presented. The microstructural characterization of as-clad and PWHT samples is observed by an optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Maximum hardness is obtained at the interface of the as-clad and PWHT samples. Increase in PWHT temperature enhances the tensile strength of the composite, whereas, the tensile strength decreases at 300°C due to the diffusion of Al and Cu elements and the formation of detrimental intermetallic compounds.

Corrosion behavior of heat-treated and cryorolled Al 5052 alloys in different chloride ion concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasyida Abu Seman ◽  
Ji Kit Chan ◽  
Muhammad Anas Norazman ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain ◽  
Dhindaw Brij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Chloride Environment

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of heat-treated and cryorolled Al 5052 alloys in different Cl− ion concentrations. Design/methodology/approach NaCl solutions with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 3.5 and 5.5 per cent were selected. Samples were subjected to pre-heat treatment (annealing at 300 °C and solution treatment at 540 °C) and cryorolling up to 30 per cent reduction before undergoing corrosion tests. The corrosion behaviour of the samples was then investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. The microstructure of the corroded samples was evaluated under an optical microscope, and the percentages of pits on their surfaces were calculated. Findings The cryorolled samples had a lower corrosion rate than the samples that were not cryorolled. The cryorolled sample that underwent solution treatment showed the highest corrosion resistance among all the samples tested. Practical implications The commercial impact of the study is the possibility of using the cryorolled Al alloy in various ion chloride environment. Originality/value The obtained results help in understanding the corrosion behaviour of cryorolled samples under different heat treatment conditions.

scholarly journals Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of anatase-rutile mixed-phase nano-size powder given by high-temperature heat treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Ishigaki ◽  
Yusuke Nakada ◽  
Naoki Tarutani ◽  
Tetsuo Uchikoshi ◽  
Yoshihiro Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
High Temperature Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

Nano-size EVONIK AEROXIDE ® P25 titanium dioxide, TiO 2 , powder was heat-treated at temperatures, 700–900°C, in air. An X-ray diffraction study showed that the P25 powder is composed of approximately 20 and approximately 80 mass% of rutile and anatase phases, respectively. It was also shown that the transformation from anatase to rutile induced by high-temperature heat treatment was almost completed at 750°C, whereas a small amount (less than 3 mass%) of anatase phase was still left even in the powder heat-treated at 900°C. The transformation behaviour was consistent with results obtained by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Raman experiments also indicated that high-temperature heating induced the formation of oxide ion vacancies. Powders were dispersed in methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution, and the bleach rate of MO was measured to evaluate photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV)- and visible-light irradiation. After the heat treatment, the UV-light photocatalytic performance sharply deteriorated. Interestingly, visible-light photocatalytic activity was enhanced by high-temperature heating and reached the highest performance for an 800°C-heated sample, indicating that the P25 powder obtained high visible-light photocatalytic performance after heat treatment. Even after 900°C heat treatment, the photocatalytic performance was higher than that of as-received powder. Enhancement of photocatalytic activities was discussed in relation to visible light absorption and charge carrier transfer.

Failure analysis of heat treated HSLA wheel bolt steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
Ali Nazari ◽  
Shadi Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Molybdenum Steel ◽  
Optimum Heat

PurposeThe aims of this study is to analyze failure of two types of high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels which are used in wheel bolts 10.9 grade, boron steel and chromium‐molybdenum steel, before and after heat treatment.Design/methodology/approachThe optimum heat treatment to obtain the best tensile behavior was determined and Charpy impact and Rockwell hardness tests were performed on the two steel types before and after the optimum heat treating.FindingsFractographic studies show a ductile fracture for heat‐treated boron steel while indicate a semi‐brittle fracture for heat‐treated chromium‐molybdenum steel. Formation of a small boron carbide amount during heat treating of boron steel results in increment the bolt's tensile strength while the ductility did not changed significantly. In the other hand, formation of chromium and molybdenum carbides during heat treating of chromium‐molybdenum steel increased the bolt's tensile strength with a considerable reduction in the final ductility.Originality/valueThis paper evaluates failure analysis of HSLA wheel bolt steels and compares their microstructure before and after the loading regime.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Strength and Microstructure of AZ61A Magnesium Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Senthil ◽  
A. Gnanavelbabu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mutual Relations

Magnesium alloys are the very progressive materials whereon is due to improve their end-use properties. Especially, wrought Mg alloys attract attention since they have more advantageous mechanical properties than cast Mg alloys. Investigations were carried out the effects of heat treatment on tensile strength and microstructure of AZ61A magnesium alloy. The AZ61A Mg alloy is solution heat treated at the temperature of 6500F (343°C) for various soaking timing such as 120 min, 240 min and 360 minutes and allowed it cool slowly in the furnace itself. Magnesium alloys usually are heat treated either to improve mechanical properties or as means of conditioning for specific fabrication operations. Special attention had been focused on the analysis of mutual relations existing between the deformation conditions, microstructural parameters, grain size and the achieved mechanical properties. The result after the solution heat treatment, showed remarkably improved hardness, tensile strength and yield strength. It would be appropriate for a forming process namely isostatic forming process.

Effect of heat treatment and heat treatment in combination with lignosulfonate on in situ rumen degradability of canola cake crude protein, lysine, and methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Micek ◽  
Katarzyna Słota ◽  
Paweł Górka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heat treatment alone or in combination with the addition of lignosulfonate (LSO3) on canola cake protein, lysine, and methionine degradation in the rumen. Cold-pressed canola cake was left untreated, heated at 90, 110, 130, or 150 °C, or processed with 5% of LSO3 (in dry matter) and then heated. Effective rumen degradability of crude protein (CP), lysine, and methionine was less for treated than untreated canola cake (P < 0.05) and decreased with increased temperature of heating, but particularly when canola cake was heated at 150 °C (quadratic, P < 0.01). In general, effective rumen degradability of CP, lysine, and methionine was less for canola cake heated at 130 °C in combination with LSO3 compared with canola cake heat treated only (quadratic × LSO3 interaction, P ≤ 0.07). Results of this study indicate that high temperature heating (130 °C or greater for 60 min) may be necessary to protect canola cake protein from degradation in the rumen, and the combination of heat treatment and LSO3 may be more effective in protecting canola cake protein, lysine, and methionine from degradation in the rumen than the use of heat treatment only.

scholarly journals Study on the Properties of Transparent Bamboo Prepared by Epoxy Resin Impregnation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuehua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Parts

In this paper, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycle) before and after heat treatment were used as raw materials to prepare transparent bamboo (TB). In an acidic environment, the lignin contained in the bamboo material was removed to obtain a bamboo template, and an epoxy resin similar to the cellulose refractive index was used for vacuum impregnation into the bamboo template to obtain a transparent bamboo material. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of TB and original bamboo and the differences between TBs before and after heat treatment, taken from different parts of bamboo, in order to explore the performance advantages and disadvantages of TB as a new material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscope testing (SEM), three elements analysis, light transmittance testing, and mechanical strength testing were used to study the molecular composition, microstructure, chemical composition, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the TB samples. The results showed that the lignin content of the delignified bamboo templates was greatly reduced. In addition, the SEM images showed that a large amount of epoxy resin (type E51 and type B210 curing agent) was covered on the cross-section surface and pores of the TB samples. The FTIR showed that the epoxy molecular groups appeared on the TB, and the delignified bamboo template and the resin had a good synergy effect. According to the light transmittance testing, the original bamboo samples hardly contained light transmittance under visible light. The transmittance of transparent inner bamboo (TIB) and transparent heat-treated inner bamboo (THIB) could reach about 11%, and the transmittance of transparent outer bamboo (TOB) and transparent heat-treated outer bamboo (THOB) was about 2%. The light transmittance had been significantly improved when compared with the original bamboo samples. The transmittances of the TB samples before and after heat treatment in different parts of bamboo were different. In the visible light irradiation range, the light transmittances of TB samples were as follows: TIB > THIB and THOB > TOB. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of TB was reduced, especially for TOB and THOB. In addition, TB has a wide range of raw materials, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly. It can be used for decorative materials in homes, buildings, etc., and has a great application potential.

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