scholarly journals Tenderization of meat by protease received from the pig's pancreas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Nga Chu Thi ◽  
Tri Nguyen Minh ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Enzyme Extraction ◽  
By Products

Pig pancreas is an organ involved in the digestive process and is a source of by-products from cattle slaughterhouses that can be utilized to obtain protease enzymes. In Vietnam, protease enzymes have been applied in many different fields and still have to be imported from abroad at a relatively high cost. This study was carried out with the aim of finding an effective method to obtain protease products from pig pancreas and apply it to tenderizing meat. The results showed that the method of enzyme extraction with distilled water and precipitation of enzyme proteins with ethanol gave high efficiency in obtaining enzyme preparations. This preparation has the enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin and has the ability to tenderize meat at the content of 0.5% and has a negligible rate of dehydration during processing.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira ◽  
Manoela da Silva ◽  
Lew Sprenger ◽  
Daniela Pedrassani
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, known as the cattle tick, is a cause of great economic losses for dairy cattle farming because of its high frequency of occurrence and the difficulty in controlling it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract on R. (B.) microplus. For this purpose, 125 females were selected and classified into five groups according to their weight, in order to ensure that the females used presented homogeneous weight. The treatments comprised 40 and 60% extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides, distilled water, ethanol (70ºGL) and 12.5% amitraz. The extracts of C. ambrosioides (40 and 60%) showed effectiveness of 99.7 and 100% and higher percentages of dead females than the other treatments: 64 and 96%, respectively (p<0.001). In the groups exposed to distilled water and ethanol (70º GL), 92 and 88% of the females maintained oviposition. In the females exposed to 40 and 60% extracts, oviposition of 36 and 4% occurred, respectively. It was concluded that the extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides, at both concentration evaluated, had high efficiency against engorged females of cattle ticks.

scholarly journals Toxicity Reduction of Industrial and Municipal Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes (Photo-Fenton, UVC/H2O2, Electro-Fenton and Galvanic Fenton): A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Rueda-Márquez ◽  
Irina Levchuk ◽  
Manuel Manzano ◽  
Mika Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
By Products

The application of Fenton-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photo-Fenton or electro-Fenton for wastewater treatment have been extensively studied in recent decades due to its high efficiency for the decomposition of persistent organic pollutants. Usually Fenton-based AOPs are used for the degradation of targeted pollutant or group of pollutants, which often leads to the formation of toxic by-products possessing a potential environmental risk. In this work, we have collected and reviewed recent findings regarding the feasibility of Fenton-based AOPs (photo-Fenton, UVC/H2O2, electro-Fenton and galvanic Fenton) for the detoxification of real municipal and industrial wastewaters. More specifically, operational conditions, relevance and suitability of different bioassays for the toxicity assessment of various wastewater types, cost estimation, all of which compose current challenges for the application of these AOPs for real wastewater detoxification are discussed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CHLORIDES AND SULPHATES ON QUALITY OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING ENZYME PREPARATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Skaisgiriene ◽  
Pertas Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Vytenis Zabukas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Consumption

The biological treatment method is widely used in Lithuania due to its high efficiency, low cost and suitability for treating various types of wastewater. After technological processes various mineral substances, such as chlorides and sulphates, get into water bodies. These substances are not removed from wastewater by the biological treatment method. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of chlorides and sulphates, investigate the influence of enzyme preparations upon quality and energy consumption and assess energy changes in the trophic food chain during biological treatment. To analyse the mineral salt influence of the biooxidation process a series of laboratory tests was carried out: biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD), activated sludge concentration and other indexes. It is found experimentally that a 400 mg/1 concentration of chlorides disarranges the activity of microorganisms, and at a 700 mg/1 concentration active sludge is no longer suitable for biological treatment. Also, we investigated the effect of a ferment preparation “Roebic” on effluence of sewage treatment. In a tank with an enzyme the total amount of energy after treatment increases by 5–30 %. It is determined by calculating the accumulation of energy in an active‐sludge system that an enzyme preparation increases the energy levels of the system.

scholarly journals Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of NHEJ Mutant Aspergillus nidulans Conidia: An Efficient Tool for Targeted Gene Recombination Using Selectable Nutritional Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Virginia Casado-del Castillo ◽  
Andrew P. MacCabe ◽  
Margarita Orejas
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Site Specific Integration

Protoplast transformation for the introduction of recombinant DNA into Aspergillus nidulans is technically demanding and dependant on the availability and batch variability of commercial enzyme preparations. Given the success of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) in diverse pathogenic fungi, we have adapted this method to facilitate transformation of A. nidulans. Using suitably engineered binary vectors, gene-targeted ATMT of A. nidulans non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) mutant conidia has been carried out for the first time by complementation of a nutritional requirement (uridine/uracil auxotrophy). Site-specific integration in the ΔnkuA host genome occurred at high efficiency. Unlike other transformation techniques, however, cross-feeding of certain nutritional requirements from the bacterium to the fungus was found to occur, thus limiting the choice of auxotrophies available for ATMT. In complementation tests and also for comparative purposes, integration of recombinant cassettes at a specific locus could provide a means to reduce the influence of position effects (chromatin structure) on transgene expression. In this regard, targeted disruption of the wA locus permitted visual identification of transformants carrying site-specific integration events by conidial colour (white), even when auxotrophy selection was compromised due to cross-feeding. The protocol described offers an attractive alternative to the protoplast procedure for obtaining locus-targeted A. nidulans transformants.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Ability to Produce Pleasant Aromas on Sour Whey and Buttermilk By-Products by Mold Galactomyces geotrichum: Identification of Key Odorants

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6239
Author(s):  
Kamila Szudera-Kończal ◽  
Kamila Myszka ◽  
Piotr Kubiak ◽  
Małgorzata Anna Majcher
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Isotope Dilution Assay ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Odor Activity Value ◽  
By Products

Currently, there is a growing demand for flavorings, especially of natural origin. It is worth paying attention to the biotechnological processes of flavor production, characterized by simplicity, high efficiency and relatively low cost. In this study, we analyzed the ability of the Galac tomyces geotrichum mold to transform by-products of the dairy industry: sour whey and buttermilk to complex flavour mixtures with pleasant, honey-rose aroma. Furthermore, the aroma complexity of the fermentation product has been carefully identified applying a sensomic approach involving the use of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) to identify and quantify aroma compounds. Based on the calculation of odor activity value (OAV), 13 key aroma compounds were present in both tested variants. The highest OAVs were found for phenylacetaldehyde (honey-like) in the buttermilk variant (912) and 2-phenylethanol (rose-like) in the sour whey variant (524). High values of this indicator were also recorded for phenylacetaldehyde (319) and 3-methyl-1-butanol with a fruity aroma (149) in the sour whey culture. The other compounds identified are 3-methylbutanal (malty), 2,3-butanedione (cheesy), isovaleric acid (cheesy), 3-(methylthio)-propanal (boiled potato), butanoic acid (vinegar), (E)-2-nonenal (fatty), ethyl furaneol (burnt sugar), dimethyl trisulfide (cabbage), and acetic acid (vinegar).

scholarly journals USE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF THE HYDROLASE CLASS IN COMPOUND FEED FOR PIGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
O. Y. KARUNSKYI ◽  
S. O. TSIKHOVSKYI
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Nutritional Potential

The high efficiency of poultry and pigs is based on high-yielding breeds, balanced high-yielding mixed fodders and appropriate animal holding conditions. Recently, the tendency of increasing the efficiency of the nutritional potential of mixed fodder has become of increasing importance in order to reduce the cost of this factor in the production of livestock products. The role of the intermediate link between animals and the nutritional potential of feed is borne by enzymes. A few years ago the question about the use of exogenous enzyme preparations in the composition of feed was controversial. But a better understanding of the action of industrial enzymes, as well as more successfully developed enzyme preparations have changed the situation. Enzymes are now widely used in many countries around the world to improve the quality of feed produced on the basis of barley, wheat, wheat and barley, as well as other cereals. Perspective is the use of enzyme preparations in ration of young pigs in fattening. In our experiments, lysozyme was used to improve the productivity of young pigs. The experiments were carried out at "Iziumsky compound feed plant", Izium district, Kharkiv region and at the farm "Avangard-D" Ltd., Ovidiopolsky district, Odesa region. It was established that feeding of young pigs of mixed fodder enriched with the enzyme preparation "Lysozyme" prevents the growth of average daily increments, live weight of animals and reduction of feed costs per unit of products. The lowest feed costs per unit gain of live weight were set in the experimental group, which comprised 4.2 feeds. unit. That is less in comparison with animals of control group I by 7.0%. The economic efficiency of raising the young from 4 to 8 months of age has shown that the addition of prezime "lysozyme" to the diet of pigs affects the formation of basic expenses and the receipt of net profit per 1 head.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POWDER MATERIALS OBTAINED BY ELECTRODISPERSION OF NICHROME METAL WASTE

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
E. V. Ageeva ◽  
A. Y. Altukhov ◽  
A. V. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Metal Waste ◽  
Industrial Use

The results of experimental studies aimed at studying the structure and properties of electroerosive nichrome powders obtained in distilled water are presented. The high efficiency of the application of the electrodispersion technology, which provides, at low energy costs, the production of new nichrome powder materials suitable for industrial use, is shown.

scholarly journals Characterization and Chemical Composition Analysis of Tea Tree (Meleuca alternifolia) Leaf Hydrosols Growing on Lombok Island

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Baiq Riyankati ◽  
Surya Hadi ◽  
Sri Seno Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lombok Island

Tea tree is an essential oil-producing plant from Australia which is also found growing in several parts of Indonesia, including the island of Lombok. So far, tea tree essential oil producers on the island of Lombok do not utilize by-products in the form of hydrosol (distilled water) produced in the process of making essential oils. In this study, the characterization and analysis of the chemical composition of the hydrosol of tea tree leaves growing on the island of Lombok was carried out. The characteristic aroma of hydrosol is similar to that of tea tree essential oil. The results of the GC-MS analysis also showed that the hydrosol of tea tree leaves also had similarities with the essential oil, composed of major compounds in the form of trans-caryophyllene (28.58%), limonene (13.98%) and terpinen-4-ol (16.27%). Other compounds detected were -pinene (4.14%), -pinene (6.50%), -myrcene (8.09%), -terpineol (10.10%) and -terpinene (5.77%).

scholarly journals Utilization of Chicken By-Products to Form Collagen Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumudini A. Munasinghe ◽  
Jurgen G. Schwarz ◽  
Matthew Whittiker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Texture Analyzer ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
By Products

Chicken collagen casings could be an alternate source of collagen casings that are manufactured for sausages. The overall objective of this project was to extract chicken collagen from by-products of the broiler processing industries and to explore the possibility of making films. Chicken skin was washed, ground, and pretreated to remove the noncollagenous compounds. Collagen was extracted using acetic acid and pepsin. Solubilized collagen was salted-out and centrifuged at 20,000 ×g at 4°C for one hour. The precipitates were dissolved in 0.5 M acetic acid and dialyzed against 0.1 M acetic acid and distilled water before freeze-drying. Molecular weight, collagen solubility at different pH values, and NaCl concentrations were determined. TA-XT2 texture analyzer was used to characterize mechanical properties of collagen films. The highest collagen solubility was obtained at pH 2 and 2% NaCl. Hand-homogenized, nonfiltered, and conditioned samples had the highest hardness (3,262 g) and the least brittleness (30.5 mm). These results demonstrate that chicken collagen extracted from chicken by-products has the ability to form films and could be considered for making casings or be used in various other industries.

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