scholarly journals ANTI-CARIOGENIC POTENTIALS OF VITEX NEGUNDO LINN

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Petwal ◽  
Madhuri Kaushish Lily ◽  
Gulshan Kumar Dhingra ◽  
Koushalya Dangwal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae), is an ethnobotanical important shrub carrying a large array of pharmacologically active phytochemicals with diverse medicinal properties. Present study assessed the antibacterial activities of leaf and twig (without leaf) bioactives against common oral bacterial inhabitants viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus casei. Leaf and twig dried powdered samples of V. negundo were separately fractionated by five solvents in eluotropic series namely petroleum-ether, chloroform, absolute-ethanol, 80%-methanol and distilled-water. Extracts were further analyzed for total phenolic contents (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Zone of inhibition, MIC, MBC and IC50 values of the fractionated extracts against oral bacterial pathogens were determined. The results demonstrated significantly higher antibacterial activity in ethanolic extracts (VnLEt) and chloroform (VnLCh) extracts of leaves as evident by their higher ZOI and lower MIC, MBC and IC50 values. VnLEt extracts showed bactericidal effects against all the tested six bacterial pathogens (L. casei>St. gordonii>Staphylococcus aureus>L. brevis>St. oralis=St. mutans). VnLCh showed notable bactericidal effects against five pathogens (L. casei>St. mutans>St. gordonii>Staphylococcus aureus) but remained ineffective against St. oralis and L. brevis. Among twig extracts, ethanolic extracts showed inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, St. gordonii and St. mutans while chloroform extracts showed antibacterial effect only against Staphylococcus aureus. VnLEt extract showed abundance in TPC, TFC and tannins while VnLCh was rich in alkaloids and terpenoid suggesting their contribution in bactericidal effects against cariogenic bacterial pathogens. Hence, the present study successfully established V. negundo leaf extracts as an excellent natural remedy for oral-dental infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa brown leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovin Qonita Allyn ◽  
Eko Kusumawati ◽  
Rudy Agung Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dried Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various concentration ofTerminalia catappabrown leaves extract which can inhibit the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 andPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. The crushed-brown leaves ofTerminalia catappawas extracted using 95% ethanol, filtered, and evaporated. The driedT. catappaextract was used to identify phytochemical content qualitatively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured quantitatively from dried extract. The dried extracts were also dissolved in sterile aquadest and serial dilutions were prepared to final concentration of 30, 60 and 90%. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of brown leaves ofT. catappa. Inhibition zone diameter was measured to determine antibacterial activity. Gentamycin sulfate and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Dried ethanolic extract of brownT. catappaleaves contained flavonoid, quinon, phenolic, triterpenoid, and tannin. A total of 208.722 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract of total phenolic and 35.7671 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract of total flavonoid were also found in the dried extract. The inhibition zone diameters of ethanolic extracts ranged from 1.73 to 9.06 mm (S. aureus) and from 1.83 to 6.5 mm (P. aeruginosa). The higher concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameters for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of extract (90%) thanS. aureus. Ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappahad different antibacterial effects againstS. aureusandP. aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameter for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappa.

scholarly journals Influence of extraction technique on yield and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moringa oleifera leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dzięcioł
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

AbstractThe article presents research on the exploring of extraction process of biologically active substances from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera tree using ethanol. Ethanolic extracts were obtained using three different techniques: maceration with shaking, ultrasound-assisted extraction and extraction in Soxhlet apparatus, in different time variants: 1, 2 and 4-hours. After solvent evaporating and drying, the yields of dry extracts obtained in particular processes were calculated. The antioxidant activity of extracts was analyzed spectrophotometrically using DPPH radical scavenging method, and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. By means of gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS), 11 biologically active compounds present in ethanolic extracts were identified, among which α-tocopherol had the greatest share. Based on the results, the influence of the extraction technique and time on the yield and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera leaf extracts were discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy of Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea Butter Tree) Extracts Against Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamoldeen Abiodun AJIJOLAKEWU ◽  
Fola Jose AWARUN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extracts of seed, leaf and stem bark of Vitellaria paradoxa were investigated. The extracts were tested against three clinical bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the agar diffusion and the broth dilution techniques. Ethanolic extracts of the plant parts showed activity against all the bacterial pathogens tested. At the highest extract concentration (200 mg/ml), the leaf extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, while no activity was detected at the lowest concentration (3.13 mg/ml) against the tested isolates. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were more susceptible to all extracts of V. paradoxa, while Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the least sensitivity. The efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa was compared to a commercial antibiotic streptomycin. There were differences in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all the Vitellaria paradoxa ethanolic extracts with respect to the type of organism. All extracts exhibited bacteriostatic effects against the tested organisms at the experimented concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of saponins, tannins and alkaloids as the active principles of Vitellaria paradoxa's antimicrobial activity. V. paradoxa could be used as a potential source of antibiotic substance for a drug development.

scholarly journals In vitro free radical scavenging and antidiabetic activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts: a comparative evaluation of Argyreia pierreana and Matelea denticulata

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataiah Gudise ◽  
Bimalendu Chowdhury ◽  
Arehalli S. Manjappa
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Background Oxidation is believed to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by lipid peroxidation; DNA and protein damage leads to the development of vascular complications like coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The herbal preparations are complementary and alternative medicines to allopathic drugs which are believed to cause adverse events. Therefore, the current study was aimed to identify the novel plants, which belong to the genera Argyreia (Argyreia pierreana (AP)) and Matelea (Matelea denticulata (MD)), and assess the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential by DPPH, OH•, superoxide, and glucose uptake and gene expression (GLUT-4 and PPARγ) studies using the L-6 cell line respectively. Results The preliminary scrutiny revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extracts were found higher than those of aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited the superior antioxidant capacity when compared with aqueous extracts. However, the ethanolic extract of MD was shown superlative glucose uptake activity (72.54%) over control (0.037%) and GLUT-4 and PPARγ gene expressions (1.17 and 1.20) in term of folds respectively over cell control (1.00). Conclusion The ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants showed significant in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities compare to aqueous extracts. The Matelea denticulata ethanolic leaf extract exhibited superior activity. This superior activity might be due to their higher phenolic and flavonoid content. However, further approaches are needed to define these activities.

scholarly journals IN VITRO SCREENING FOR ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF SOME BEGONIA SPECIES AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) STRAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Lyudmyla Buyun ◽  
Vladimir Tomin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of Begonia solimutata L.B. Sm. & Wassh., Begonia goegoensis N.E.Br., Begonia foliosa Kunth, Begonia × erythrophylla Hérincq, Begonia thiemei C.DC., Begonia peltata Otto & Dietr., Begonia heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl., Begonia dregei Otto & Dietr., and Begonia mexicana G. Karst. ex Fotsch were assessed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. The leaves were brought into the laboratory for antimicrobial studies. Freshly crushed leaves were washed, weighed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in proportion 1:19) at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered and investigated for their antimicrobial activity. The testing of the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was carried out in vitro by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test protocol. The most effective plants among species screened against S. aureus NCTC 12493 growth were B. peltata, B. thiemei, B. foliosa, Begonia × erythrophylla, and B. solimutata being highly active with the ethanolic extracts (diameters of inhibition zone ranged from 12.5 to 21 mm). The ethanolic extracts from nine Begonia plant species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain. Extracts from all test Begonia plants caused a remarkable reduction in bacterial growth, measured as an inhibition zone diameters. The diameter of the inhibition zone for B. solimutata was (16.4±1.1) mm, for B. goegoensis – (14.2±1.0) mm, for B. foliosa – (14.9±1.2) mm, for Begonia × erythrophylla – (16.9±0.9) mm, for B. thiemei – (16.8±1.3) mm, for B. peltata – (18.1±0.9) mm, for B. heracleifolia – (15.3±0.9) mm, for B. dregei – (14.7±1.1) mm, and for B. mexicana – (13.8±0.9) mm/ The highly active antimicrobial effects of extracts obtained from B. peltata and B. thiemei noted against S. aureus NCTC 12493 growth is worthy of highlighting. Our studies indicated that Begonia plants are worthy of further investigation as a potential phytotherapeutic agent for treating infections caused by S. aureus., as well as for the development of innovative feed and preventative products in animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Algerian Arbutus unedo L. Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-s) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Saliha Laouicha ◽  
Abderrahmane Senator ◽  
Abdallah Kherbache ◽  
Hamama Bouriche
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ic50 Values

Arbutus unedo L. is a plant widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin and North Africa, frequently used in traditional folk medicine to treat diabetes and arterial hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate (EA.E) and n-butanolic (But.E) extracts prepared from leaves of Arbutus unedo. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH•, OH•, H2O2, O•-2, ß-carotene bleaching and AAPH-induced erythrocyte oxidative hemolysis assays. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in both extracts. The high amount was observed in EA.E which exerted the stronger antioxidant effect, with IC50 values of 3.43 μg/mL, 323.45 µg/mL, 38.40 µg/mL and 11.56 µg/mL, in DPPH•, OH•, O•-2 and H2O2 tests, respectively. Both extracts inhibited β-carotene bleaching, but EA.E is always more potent (92%) than But.E (85%). Furthermore, the EA.E showed the highest protective effect on erythrocyte hemolysis induced by AAPH, with half time hemolysis (HT50) of 122.02 min at 40 µg/mL. Taken together, this study showed that Arbutus unedo leaf extracts possess strong antioxidant potential, which may be attributed to the presence of a high amount of polyphenolic constituents. So, this plant might be exploited as a potential source of natural antioxidant agents for pharmaceutical and food applications. Keywords: oxidative stress, antioxidant, phenolic compounds, Arbutus unedo.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Crude Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Reginald C. Njokuocha ◽  
Anthonia E. Ewenike
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Pterocarpus Santalinoides

Aims: The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology: The plant leaves were dried, pulverized and phytochemical tests were done according to standard laboratory procedure. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were obtained from 20 g of the of the ground leaves. Antibacterial assay was carried out with Disc diffusion method on seven concentrations of the extracts ;100,50,25,12.5, 6.25,3.125,1.5625 mg/ml and compared with standard antibiotics. Isolated bacterial pathogens; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.0 x 105 cfu /ml) were used as test organisms. Results: Alkaloids, steroidal aglycones, glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, vitamins A and E were present in all the plant samples. Flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were not detected in Pterocarpus santalinoides and Ceiba pentandra, respectively. Anthracene glycoside was absent in all samples. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera showed antibacterial activities against all the bacterial isolates at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 mg/ml and 1.5625 mg/ml respectively. Pterocarpus santalinoides showed inhibitory activity only on Salmonella typhi at 3.125 mg/ml and Escherichia coli 1.5625 mg/ml MIC. Ceiba pentandra showed spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the bacterial isolates at 1.56 mg/ml MIC with exception of Salmonella typhi. E. coli was the most susceptible to the leaf extracts. Salmonella typhi was not sensitive to the leaf extracts of Ceiba pentandra, while Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not sensitive to the leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts had antibacterial activity against the test organism, thus justifying their use in folklore medicine.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Morus alba L. Leaves, Stems and Fruits

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuangang Zu ◽  
Yujie Fu ◽  
Thomas Efferth
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

In this study, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts (leaves, stems and fruits) from Morus alba L., a traditional Chinese medicine, were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Ethanolic extracts showed higher contents of both total phenolics and flavonoids than aqueous extracts. The total phenolic content was in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts, whereas the total flavonoids was: leaf extracts > stem extracts > fruit extracts. Using DPPH assays, the concentrations providing 50% inhibition (IC50) values of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems and fruits were 7.11 ± 1.45 mg/ml, 86.78 ± 3.21 mg/ml and 14.38 ± 2.83 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the IC50 values of ethanolic extracts were 3.11 ± 0.86 mg/ml, 14.62 ± 2.45 mg/ml and 12.42 ± 2.76 mg/ml, respectively. In sum, the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from M. alba L. were stronger than the aqueous extracts, and in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities, whereas the aqueous extracts showed poor antimicrobial properties in our test system. This study validated the medicinal potential of M. alba L.

scholarly journals Antigout Potential of Selected Malaysian Traditional Vegetables/Ulam

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2813-2816
Author(s):  
Nurul Syuhada Che Omar ◽  
Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar ◽  
Lim Sin Yee ◽  
Maisarah Abdul Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

The discovery of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products as an alternative approach is highly needed for the purpose of disease treatment, specifically in gout remedy. This study was conducted to investigate the antigout potential of five selected Malaysian traditional vegetables/ulam, namely Gynura bicolor, Barringtonia racemosa, Centella asiatica, Manihot esculenta and Lasia spinosa. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the selected traditional vegetables/ulam were analyzed for their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical contents. The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were observed in methanol extracts of L. spinosa and M. esculenta with the values of 1.68 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g and 1.26 ± 0.05 mg RE/g, respectively whereas methanol extract of G. bicolor showed the highest total anthocyanin content. G. bicolor extracted in three sequential solvents were found to possess the strongest xanthine oxidase inhibition with the lowest IC50 values. Therefore, the presence of phytochemical compounds in G. bicolor extracts might contribute to its antigout activity, suggesting this plant as antigout agent.

The Study of Bacillus Subtils Antimicrobial Activity on Some of the Pathological Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A Kadhum ◽  
Thualfakar H Hasan2
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Selection Of

The study involved the selection of two isolates from Bacillus subtilis to investigate their inhibitory activity against some bacterial pathogens. B sub-bacteria were found to have a broad spectrum against test bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were about 23-30 mm and less against Klebsiella sp. The sensitivity of some antibodies was tested on the test samples. The results showed that the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth in the test samples using B. subtilis extract was more effective than the antibiotics used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document