scholarly journals Política de Dividendos e Períodos de Recessão: Evidências no Mercado de Capitais Brasileiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Camila Teresa Martucheli ◽  
João Eduardo Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Amat Silva ◽  
Antônio Artur de Souza ◽  
Juliano Lima Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Dividend Yield ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Dividend Distribution ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Distribution Behavior

Objective: To observe the dividend distribution behavior of Brazilian stock market [B]³ listed companies, comparing periods of expansion and recession in the Brazilian economy.Method: Two panel data models were carried out, with the payout index and the dividend yield index as dependent variables and a dummy classified as 1 for years of economic recession and 0 for years of economic rise as an independent variable. In addition, the financial leverage, size and earnings per share control variables were added to the model.Originality/Relevance: The study addressed the distribution of dividends according to the cycle of the Brazilian economy, which makes the research original, since no similar studies were found.Results: Regardless of the proxy used for dividend distribution, companies increase dividend distribution in periods of recession, when there is greater market uncertainty. Regarding the control variables, for the model estimated using the proxy payout index, all variables were significant, while for the model that has the proxy dividend yield as a dependent variable, earnings per share were not significant.Theoretical/Methodological contributions: Identification of the economic aspect in the dividend policy of Brazilian companies and in the creation of value for shareholders in periods of economic recession.

scholarly journals The gradient nature ofs-lenition in Caleño Spanish

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. File-Muriel ◽  
Earl K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Lexical Frequency ◽  
Word Position ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractWhereas previous studies of Spanishs-weakening have relied on impressionistic coding, the present study examines temporal and gradient acoustic details in the production of /s/ by eight females from Cali, Colombia, during sociolinguistic interviews. We propose a metric for quantifyings-realization by employing three scalar-dependent variables:s-duration, centroid, and voicelessness. The results of linear regressions indicate that the dependent variables are significantly conditioned by local speaking rate, word position, following and preceding phonological context, stress, and lexical frequency. This study sheds light on how each independent variable influencess-realization acoustically. For example, as local speaking rate increases, duration, centroid, and voicelessness decrease, which is indicative of lenition, and the same weakening tendency is observed when /s/ occurs in word-final position or is followed by a nonhigh vowel, whereas frequency contributes only tos-duration. We discuss the advantages of opting for instrumental measurements over symbolic representation.

scholarly journals Seemingly Unrelated Mixed-Effects Biomass Models for Black Locust in West Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Karol Bronisz ◽  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Robert Tomusiak ◽  
Agnieszka Bronisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Independent Variable

Information about tree biomass is important not only in the assessment of wood resources but also in the process of preparing forest management plans, as well as for estimating carbon stocks and their flow in forest ecosystems. The study aimed to develop empirical models for determining the dry mass of the aboveground parts of black locust trees and their components (stem, branches, and leaves). The research was carried out based on data collected in 13 stands (a total of 38 sample trees) of black locust located in western Poland. The model system was developed based on multivariate mixed-effect models using two approaches. In the first approach, biomass components and tree height were defined as dependent variables, while diameter at breast height was used as an independent variable. In the second approach, biomass components and diameter at breast height were dependent variables and tree height was defined as the independent variable. Both approaches enable the fixed-effect and cross-model random-effect prediction of aboveground dry biomass components of black locust. Cross-model random-effect prediction was obtained using additional measurements of two extreme trees, defined as trees characterized by the smallest and largest diameter at breast height in sample plot. This type of prediction is more precise (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 77.603 and 188.139, respectively) than that of fixed-effects prediction (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 238.716 and 206.933, respectively). The use of height as an independent variable increases the possibility of the practical application of the proposed solutions using remote data sources.

The Effects of Superficial Heating before 1-MHz Ultrasound on Tissue Temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Chris Blank
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Independent Variable

Context:Ultrasound significantly raises tissue temperature, but the time of temperature elevation is short.Objective:To assess the effectiveness of superficial preheating on temperature elevation and decline when using ultrasound.Design:Within-subjects design to test the independent variable, treatment condition; repeated-measures ANOVAs to analyze the dependent variables, temperature elevation and decline.Setting:Athletic training laboratory.Intervention:Temperature at a depth of 3.75 cm was measured during ultrasound after superficial heating and with ultrasound alone.Subjects:10 healthy men.Main Outcome Measure:Temperature was recorded every 30 s during 15 min of ultrasound and for 15 min afterward.Results:Temperature elevation with ultrasound was significantly greater with preheating (4.0 ± 0.21 °C) than with ultrasound alone (3.0 ± 0.22 °C). Temperature decline was not significantly different between preheating and ultrasound alone.Conclusions:Superficial preheating significantly increases temperature elevation but has no effect on temperature decline during a 15-min cooling period.

Testing for Necessary and/or Sufficient Causation: Which Cases Are Relevant?

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Seawright
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Marginal Distribution ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable

Previous researchers have argued that necessary and/or sufficient causes should be tested through research designs that consider only cases with limited combinations of scores on the independent and the dependent variables. I explore the utility for causal inference of the design proposed by these authors, as compared to an “All Cases Design.” I find that, if researchers define the population carefully and appropriately, each case in the population contributes to causal inference and is therefore useful. Previous authors reject this claim on the basis of a view that holds constant the marginal distribution of either the dependent or the independent variable across the working and the alternate hypotheses. I argue that this restriction is not generally appropriate, and hence, an analysis that samples from the entire population is logically defensible. I also argue that this design is more statistically efficient. A reanalysis of two well-known studies demonstrates that sampling from all cases in the relevant population produces greater confidence in the hypothesis than sampling only from cases that experience the outcome.

An Empirical Examination of the Anomie Theory of Drug Use

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thomas Dull
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Anomie Theory ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anomie theory, as measured by Srole's Anomie Scale, and the respondents self-admitted drug use (alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, amphetamines, and barbiturates). An analysis of self-reported drug use data was conducted of a general Texas adult population. This analysis included a series of bivariate cross comparison correlations between the independent variable (anomie) and the dependent drug variables. The relationship between the independent and dependent variables were further examined by calculating the correlation and level of significance within selected categories of several demographic (age, race, sex, education, income, and marital status) control variables. The results indicated that anomie was significantly correlated with several of the drug variables. However, these associations were extremely weak and of little explanatory value. It was concluded that, within the framework of this analysis, anomie theory fails to provide an adequate explanation for the use of drugs.

scholarly journals On the internal approach to differential equations. 1. The involutiveness and standard basis

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Chrastinová ◽  
Václav Tryhuk
Keyword(s):  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Commutative Algebra ◽  
Geometrical Theory ◽  
Technical Tool ◽  
Full Generality ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Variational Integrals ◽  
Independent Variable

AbstractThe article treats the geometrical theory of partial differential equations in the absolute sense, i.e., without any additional structures and especially without any preferred choice of independent and dependent variables. The equations are subject to arbitrary transformations of variables in the widest possible sense. In this preparatory Part 1, the involutivity and the related standard bases are investigated as a technical tool within the framework of commutative algebra. The particular case of ordinary differential equations is briefly mentioned in order to demonstrate the strength of this approach in the study of the structure, symmetries and constrained variational integrals under the simplifying condition of one independent variable. In full generality, these topics will be investigated in subsequent Parts of this article.

scholarly journals Development of ‘16-Holes Manual Dexterity Pegboard’ and the Normal Value of 6 Years Old Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Fanny Aliwarga ◽  
Ferial Hadipoetro ◽  
Angela BM Tulaar ◽  
Surjanto H
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Obtaining the standard normal value of 6 years old children aged six year, and testing our hypothesis if girls’ dexterity is higher than boys.Methods: The design of this study was a cross sectional study of six years old students of public elementary school in South Jakarta. Inclusion criteria included age six years old, no neurological andorthopedic problem, normal nutritional status and right handed. Location based-random sampling was performed. Dependent variables comprised of age, sex and nutritional status. Independent variable wasthe result of ‘16-Holes Three-Jaw Chuck Manual Dexterity Pegboard’ test. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney Test.Results: There were 191 girls and 191 boys who fulfilled the criteria. The ‘16-Holes Three-Jaw Chuck Manual Dexterity Pegboard’ test allowed subjects to be assessed for their ability to put numbers of pegwithin 15 seconds. The mean number of pegs placed for girls was 6.92 pegs (CI 95% 6.76 – 7.08) and boys was 6.49 pegs (CI 95% 6.33 – 6,65)Conclusions: Girls are able to place more pegs than boys in a given time. Furthermore, girls’ manual dexterity is superior to boys (p 0,000).Keywords: Manual dexterity, standard normal value, pegboard, sex differences.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RESPONSIVENESS PERAWAT DALAM PRAKTIK KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSU HAJI SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Ajenk Nanda Saprilla
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Patient Responsiveness ◽  
Human Resource Training ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Service Standards

Background: Patient’s satisfaction is one of indicators measured in the hospital minimum service standards. In Installation of Inpatient (IRNA) of Haji Surabaya hospital, there are 17 indicators, but only nine are met (52.94%). One of them is patients’ satisfaction level amounted to 74.35% out of the standard (82%). The high number of complaints on nurses’ competence in providing services causes the unachieved patients’ satisfaction. There were 61 complaints from 2014 to 2017.Aim: This study aimed to analyze the influence of nurses’ responsiveness to patients’ satisfaction of in-patient installation (IRNA) at Haji Surabaya Hospital.Method: The questionnaires used Likert scale 1-5 for independent variables and dependent variables. The scoring scales for the independent variable or nurses’ responsiveness range from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Meanwhile, the scoring scale for the dependent variable ranges from very dissatisfied to very satisfied.Results: The findings indicated that there was a significant influence of responsiveness on patients’ satisfaction amounted to 0.003 (<α = 0.05). This indicated that the better assessment on the nurses’ responsiveness is, themore satisfied the patients are at in-patient installation (IRNA), Haji Surabaya Hospital.Conclusion: It can be concluded that more than 20% of responses was satisfied with the nurses’ responsiveness. The hospital needs to hold a human resource training especially a nurse-patient therapeutic communication training for maintaining the service quality at the hospital.Keywords: hospitalization, patient, responsiveness, satisfaction

scholarly journals The Influence Of Climate Leadership, Organizational Behavior And Discipline Work Against The Performance Of Members Of The Police Of The Republic Of Indonesia Sabhara Units Of The Resort City Of Padang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Kusuma Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Know How ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of this research was: 1) to explain whether there was a Climate of leadership, Organizational Behavior Disciplines Work on performance of Member unit of the police of the Republic of Indonesia Sabhara Resort City of Padang and 2) measure the magnitude of the influence of Climate leadership, Organizational Behavior Disciplines Work on performance of Member unit of the police of the Republic of Indonesia Sabhara Resort City of Padang.This research was conducted in February-March 2016 in Sabhara units of the police force of the Republic Indonesia's resort city of Padang.The sample used in this study as many as 32 respondents using a sampling of saturated. As for the independent variable of climate leadership, Organizational Behavior Disciplines work, whereas the variable dependennya is the performance of members of the police. This research is explanatory research.The method of data collection is the kuestioner. Data analysis techniques using Descriptive Analysis and Inferensial Analysis.To know how the variables are independent of the dependent variable are partial, used test t. Whereas to know the influence of the variables are independent of the dependent variables simultaneously, use the test F. Assumptions used in the test of validity is if R-female &gt; R-table item is declared valid. R-count shown in the table above, from individual items suggests that R-female &gt; R-table so that the items are declared valid.Based on a test of the validity of the instrument of climate leadership, Organizational Behavior and discipline Work against Performance known to all items stated valid and reliability test results show that the instruments have a high reliability and meets the criteria of a good instrument requirements, i.e., valid and reliability.Free Leadership Behavior variables (X 1) effect significantly to performance (Y), Organizational Climate (X 2) a significant effect on performance, variable (Y) Discipline work (X 3) a significant effect on performance (Y). Hypothesis (H1) until the Union (H3) third.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan, Situasi, Sikap Dan Motivasi Dengan Keputusan Pembelian Laptop

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Bruno Hami ◽  
V. Ratna Inggawati
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attitude And Motivation ◽  
Economic Faculty

The study aims to obtain empirical information that knowledge, situation, attitude and motivation have positive relationship simultaneously and partially with laptop purchasing decision from students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya. Problems and hypothesis are formulated based on references and empirical studies. To test the hypothesis used regression conversion F test (linearitan) to determine whether the relationship between the dependent variable with the independent variable is linear or not. The correlation coefficient test is used to determine the size of the correlation coefficient whether significant or not. Population in this research is students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya with amount of sample counted 100 people. The end result of the study shows that the partial correlation test shows: (i) knowledge has a correlation coefficient of 0,034 with significance of 0,738 > 0,05, meaning the correlation coefficient is not significant; (ii) the situation has a correlation coefficient of 0,365 with significant 0,00 < 0,05, meaning significant correlation coefficient; (iii) attitude of having correlation coefficient 0,416 with significance 0,00 < 0,05, meaning significant correlation coefficient; and (iv) motivation has a correlation coefficient of 0,232 with a significance of 0,022 < 0,05, meaning the correlation coefficient is significant. Simultaneously, the dependent variable relation (X) with independent variable (Y) is positive with adjusted R Square (R2) of 0,428 which means that 42,8% purchase decision of laptop students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya can be explained by the four dependent variables, while the remaining 57,2% of the decision to purchase laptop students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya can be explained by other variables outside of the four dependent variables currently being studied.

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