scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM TECTONA GRANDIS, PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM AND PAPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Poorni ◽  
M. Priya ◽  
M. Yasasve ◽  
M. Yasasve ◽  
M. Yasasve
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pterocarpus Marsupium ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Bioethanol Yield ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Currently one of the world’s primary energy sources, fossil fuels are also causing an increase in environmental pollution. Besides pollution, these fossil fuels are also diminishing in quantities which increase the need for alternative fuels. This rising need lead to the development of alternative renewable energy resources. A diverse range of sources are available that can be efficiently utilized to produce biofuels, in this research we utilize Tectona grandis (teak wood), Pterocarpus marsupium (malabar kino)and paper as biomass sources to produce bioethanol using Saccharomycescerevisiae fermentation. These biomasses were said to be lignocellulosic substrates rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) are used to in the conversion of substrate to ethanol in which the polysaccharides in the biomass are converted into simple sugars by hydrolysis. After which Saccharomyces cerevisiae used these basic sugars for the development of ethanol by fermentation. A bioethanol yield of 14.1%, 10.81% and 7.5% was obtained from Tectona grandis ,Pterocarpus marsupium and paper respectively, which was analyzed using dichromate titrimetric method. Thebioethanol yield from Tectona grandis is predominantly when compared with other biomasses.

scholarly journals Consequences of Transport Low-Carbon Transitions and the Carbon, Land and Water Footprints of Different Fuel Options in The Netherlands

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Gerbens-Leenes ◽  
Karlieke Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Study Results

Transport greenhouse gas emissions are mainly caused by the use of fossil fuels, e.g., gasoline and diesel. This case study for The Netherlands calculates how alternative fuels, e.g., electricity, hydrogen or biofuels, contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport. Alternative fuels, produced in various ways, have different carbon (CF), land (LFs) and water footprints (WFs). This study assesses CFs, LFs and WFs for fuels (kgCO2e/m2/m3 per GJ), showing differences among fuels dependent on primary energy sources. It calculates CFs, LFs and WFs for four scenarios with different fuels. The biofuel scenario is not attractive. CFs slightly decrease, while LFs and WFs increase enormously. The electricity scenario has small CFs and the smallest LFs and WFs, but this is only when using wind or solar energy. If storage is needed and hydrogen is produced using wind energy, CFs double from 3055 to 7074 kg CO2e, LFs increase from 15 × 106 to 43 × 106 m2 and WFs from 3 × 106 to 37 × 106 m3 compared to the electricity scenario. The case study shows that wise fuel choices contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport, although LFs and WFs are also important to consider. These case study results are relevant for sustainable transportation transitions worldwide.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION OF MULTI-PURPOSE SUSTAINABLE DAMS IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Hydroelectric Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

Dams a facility that stores water in the and uses water in a sustainable way. The high use of imported energy resources, which is composed entirely of fossil fuels and which has negative impacts in terms of economic and political aspects, clearly shows that the use and potential of domestic and renewable energy resources is inevitable. Increasing the domestic and renewable primary energy source of hydroelectric energy production to the highest values is only possible with the development of the right tank management policies. Dams also had been built to produce motive power and electricity since the industrial revolution. Development priorities changed, experience accumulated with the construction and operation of dams. Although the importance of water is well known in the human life and civilization around the world, still various groups argue that expected economic benefits are not being produced and that major environmental, economic and social costs are not being taken into account

scholarly journals Türkiye’de Muz Artıklarına Ait Enerji Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Bahadır Demirel ◽  
Hasan Pınar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Fossil fuels, which are the most widely used and long-used primary energy sources in the world, are estimated to be run out in the near future depending on this amount of usage. As a result of this consumption, the threat of global warming is growing. Increasing the use of renewable energy resources in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption, use of renewable energy resources is a great opportunity to reduce this environmental damage. In this study, the possibilities of evaluating the agricultural residues of banana plants which are intensively cultivated especially in the Mediterranean Region as an energy source were investigated. As a result of agricultural activities, approximately 209,448 tons of dry biomass residues are produced for 498,888 tons /year banana plant in 2018 and it is calculated that these residues will have 987 MW energy potential when recycled as energy. Depending on this potential banana residues, availability of facilities and contribute to the country's economy be able to be converted to energy in Turkey were discussed as solid biofuel.

scholarly journals Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110209
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

scholarly journals SURFACE CHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERIZATION OF JUVENILE TECTONA GRANDIS WOOD SUBJECTED TO STEAM-DRYING TREATMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550091 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER BERROCAL ◽  
RÓGER MOYA ◽  
MARÍA RODRIGUEZ-SOLIS ◽  
RICARDO STARBIRD ◽  
FREDDY MUÑOZ
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Text Color ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Steam Drying

The color of Tectona grandis wood is an attribute that favors its commercialization, however, wood color from fast-growth plantation trees is clear and lacks uniformity. The aim of this work is to characterize steamed teak wood by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and [Formula: see text] color systems. Two moisture conditions (green and 50%) and two grain patterns (flat and quarter) of boards were analyzed through the application of different steaming times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18[Formula: see text]h). The FTIR results showed that the bands at 1158, 1231, 1373 and 1419[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] did not show any change with steaming, whereas the bands at 1053, 1108, 1453, 1506, 1536, 1558, 1595, 1652, 1683, 1700 and 1733[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] presented a decrease in the intensity with the steaming time. The band at 1318[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] was the only one that increased. Lightness ([Formula: see text]) was the most affected parameter, followed by yellowness ([Formula: see text]), while redness ([Formula: see text]) showed the smallest change. Surface color change ([Formula: see text]) presented the lowest value between 3[Formula: see text]h and 6[Formula: see text]h of steam-drying in the boards with flat grain, whereas for boards with quarter grain, the smallest [Formula: see text] value was obtained after 18[Formula: see text]h of steaming.

Potensi Nilai Kalor Biomassa Dari Ampas Tebu (Bagasse) Yang Bersumber Dari Penjual Minuman Sari Tebu Di Kota Pontianak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Wahyudi ◽  
Muhammad Ivanto ◽  
Murti Juliandari
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Direct Data

Dependence on the provision of electricity using fossil fuels is a major energy supply problem in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new and renewable alternative fuels that are effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. One of the alternative fuels is bagasse biomass. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of bagasse produced by sellers of sugarcane juice drink in Pontianak City, in order to determine the estimated value of bagasse. The research method used was direct data collection and laboratory testing . Based on the results of the study, the number of vendors of sugarcane juice beverages producing bagasse was 169. Of this amount, produce bagasse that can reach 1,030.9 kg/day. Based on the test results, the estimated moisture content of bagasse was 3.28%, ash content was 0.77%, and carbon remained at 7.65%. So, if converted with the test results of the calorific value of bagasse and made into briquettes bagasse (bio briquettes), which is 19,648 kJ/kg with a density of 0.416 kg/m3, then converted into a potential calorific value of 242,849,280 J/year.

scholarly journals The Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled Diesel Oil in Comparison with Heated Pure Vegetable Oils Available in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Ready Availability

Pure vegetable oils have the greatest promise for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines beside the depletion of conventional petroleum resources. Among various possible options, pure vegetable oils present promising of greener air substitutes for fossil fuels. Pure vegetable oils, due to the agricultural origin, liquidity, ready availability, renewability, biodegradability are able to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Also, in Vietnam, pure vegetable oils such as soybean oil (SoO100), coconut oil (CO100) and sunflower oil (SuO100) are available. The paper presents the results of using heated pure vegetable oils for diesel engine D243 with power of 80 hp (58.88) kW. The results of determining the power (Ne), specific fuel consumption (SFC) and efficiency (n) are used to evaluate the performance of engine. The results show that, the engine power (Ne) is 10%-15% lower, the SFC of engine D243 using pure vegetable oils is 3%-5% higher and the η is 2.5%-6.2% lower compared to diesel oil (DO). Among the pure vegetable oils, the best performance results for D243 diesel engine are obtained from heated pure sunflower oil up to 135oC.

scholarly journals Implementation of packed column for biogas purification as fuel for motorcycle injection systems for performance improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1(112)) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Syamsuri Syamsuri ◽  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
Zain Lillahulhaq ◽  
Achmad Bagus Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Biogas Purification ◽  
Liquid Flows

The use of gasoline for primary energy consumption can reduce crude oil, contained in the earth. The development of alternative fuels such as biogas and biofuel is very critical to overcoming this problem. Biogas requires purification to remove some contaminant particles that interfere with the combustion process. The packed column is generally applied to absorb and separate gas and liquid mixture. It is more efficient due to the liquid flows down the column of steam naturally without the supply of energy from outside the system. This study focuses on determining the effect of the packed column biogas purification process. Biogas is applied as an alternative fuel in spark-ignition engines (SIE). The test is carried out using a chassis dynamometer to obtain power and torque data. The use of the packed column for biogas fuel purification can produce higher performance compared to unrefined biogas. The unrefined biogas still contains impurities that can interfere with the combustion process. This condition is proven by measuring the power and torque of the vehicle on the chassis dynamometer, where the filtered biogas produces higher power and torque. Tests were carried out both using the packed column and without the packed column. Variations from speed to torque, to power, to SFC and BMEP are considered. In this study, validation is in good agreement with previous studies. Overall, the results show that the average error between using the packed column and without the packed column for torque, power, SFC and BMEP is increased by approximately 7 %. Purification of biogas using the packed column using Ca(OH)2 can bind CO2 and obtain pure methane gas with a higher heating value. In conclusion, the packed column for biogas purification as fuel for motorcycle injection systems can be applied

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document