scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT COMPOSITE ALUMINIUM/FLY ASH WITH POWDER METALLURGY METHOD USE EGG YOLK AS SPACE HOLDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-010
Author(s):  
Amir Arifin ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Alim Mardhi ◽  
Agung Nurmansyah Putra Wijaya ◽  
Endra Sujatmika
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Form

Metal matrix composite has been used widely in some applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. In this work, Aluminum/Fly ash composite material was made with an egg yolk space holder and the manufacturing process was successfully carried out. The process includes the mixing, stirring, drying, and sintering processes that were undertaken including the powder metallurgy method. The metal form has successfully been fabricated however the hardness test results for specimens were not very satisfactory. The Aluminum/Fly ash porous composite materials with egg yolk space holders were was characterized using X-Ray Florence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test by producing the main peak of Al N and Al2O3. Observation of SEM by showing phenomena such as; cracks, alignment, and porous. Density Testing by producing an average porosity of 28.87%. The observation of Optical Microscopes by showing the shape of the shaft that is not homogeneous.

scholarly journals FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE COPPER/FLY ASH FOAM WITH EGG YOLK AS FOAMING AGENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-009
Author(s):  
Amir Arifin ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Surya Adi Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Copper has been widely in many applications such as heat exchangers due to mechanical and physical properties. In this work, the composite foam was fabricated by powder metallurgy method with fly ash powder and egg yolk as a foaming agent and reinforcement, respectively. Mechanical properties of the specimen were characterize using a compaction test. Moreover, observation of the specimen was conducted using the measurement of shrinkage and porosity. The strength of the specimen was obtained in the range 1:1,25 is 0,26 MPa through compaction test. Porosity measurement revealed that maximum and minimum porosities are 88.79 % and 71.53%, respectively. Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy observation size of the pores ranging from 21,63μm to 169,7μm. Moreover, some crystalline phase was observed using X-Ray Diffraction Test.

Formation of boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface produced via powder metallurgy

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Yavuz Kaplan ◽  
Mehmet Gülsün ◽  
Sinan Aksöz
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Titanium Boride ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Boriding Process

Abstract In this study, powder metallurgy was applied in a furnace atmosphere to form titanium boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface. Experiments were carried out using the solid-state boriding method at 900 °C and 1000°C for 12 h and 24 h. Samples were produced by pressing the commercially pure Ti powders under 870 MPa. The sintering process required by the powder metallurgy method was carried out simultaneously with the boriding process. Thus, the sintering and boriding were performed in one stage. The formation of the boride layer was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental dispersion spectrometry analyses. In addition, microhardness measurements were performed to examine the effect of the boriding process on hardness. The Vickers microhardness of the boronized surface reached 1773 HV, which was much higher than the 150 HV hardness of the commercially pure Ti substrate. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the boriding process had enabled the formation of TiB and TiB2 on the powder metallurgy Ti substrate surface. Consequently, the production of Ti via powder metallurgy is a potentially cost-effective alternative to the conventional method, and the boriding process supplies TiB and TiB2 that provide super-high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance.

Experimental Investigation of Aluminium Hybrid Composites Reinforced with ZnS, TiO2 and BaTiO3 Produced Through Powder Metallurgy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajeshkannan ◽  
I. Manikandan ◽  
M. Vigneshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
X Ray

Semiconductors like ZnS, TiO2 and BaTiO3 were reinforced with Al-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) and were made through powder metallurgy in order to have high strength, high hardness and good thermal conductivity compared with conventional materials. Three MMC of test specimens were prepared with varying reinforcement ratio Al-Al2O3-ZnS(94-5-1), Al-Al2O3-TiO2(94-5-1), Al-Al2O3-BaTiO3(94-5-1) percentage by weight respectively. The hardness test has been made by using Brinell hardness testing instrument. Hardness test revealed that the addition of reinforcement TiO2, BaTiO3 increases the hardness value. However, the addition of ZnS to the Al-Al2O3 MMCs showed decrease in the hardness value. The crystal structure of the 3 composites were examined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) peaks.

Properties of SiC/Fe Composites Prepared by Coating Process and Powder Metallurgy Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 852-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Shao ◽  
Hai Long Wang ◽  
Fang Shao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Compounds ◽  
Particulate Reinforced ◽  
Sintering Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

SiC particulate-reinforced Fe composites were prepared by a powder metallurgy (PM) and conventional atmospheric sintering method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the obtained composites. The coating layer of Cu on SiC particles can suppress the reaction between SiC and Fe until 1250oC. The maximum microhardness of 283 Hv appears at near 1250oC. Substantial reaction occurs at above 1250oC, which leads to the deterioration in the microstructure and related properties. The inter-metallic compounds of FeSi or Fe2Si were detected which contributed to the enhancement of the interface between SiC and Fe.

STRENGTHENING THE PORE WALLS OF Al FOAMS WITH SURFACE-ALLOYING TECHNIQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1950212
Author(s):  
QIANG FENG ◽  
CHANGZHONG LIAO ◽  
YUANXIA PENG ◽  
SHIYU ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bronze Powder ◽  
Al Foams

This paper describes a new method for surface-alloying treatment to strengthen the pore walls of Al foams using the powder metallurgy method. The advantage of this technique is that the pore walls of Al foams can be enhanced efficiently during the process of preparation. Spherical carbamide particles coated with bronze powder were employed as space-holder. The pore configuration depends mainly on the distribution of space-holder particles during the cold compacted process. The phase components of the modified Al foams were studied by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement. Results show that the strengthening effect on the mechanical property of Al foams is significantly related to both phase compositions and phase grain size among the pore walls.

Role of Aluminium on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8206-8213
Author(s):  
J. Alias
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Development

Much research on magnesium (Mg) emphasises creating good corrosion resistance of magnesium, due to its high reactivity in most environments. In this study, powder metallurgy (PM) technique is used to produce Mg samples with a variation of aluminium (Al) composition. The effect of aluminium composition on the microstructure development, including the phase analysis was characterised by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property of Mg sample was performed through Vickers microhardness. The results showed that the addition of aluminium in the synthesised Mg sample formed distribution of Al-rich phases of Mg17Al12, with 50 wt.% of aluminium content in the Mg sample exhibited larger fraction and distribution of Al-rich phases as compared to the 20 wt.% and 10 wt.% of aluminium content. The microhardness values were also increased at 20 wt.% and 50 wt.% of aluminium content, comparable to the standard microhardness value of the annealed Mg. A similar trend in corrosion resistance of the Mg immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was observed. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated based on potentiodynamic polarisation behaviour. The corrosion current density, icorr, is observed to decrease with the increase of Al composition in the Mg sample, corresponding to the increase in corrosion resistance due to the formation of aluminium oxide layer on the Al-rich surface that acted as the corrosion barrier. Overall, the inclusion of aluminium in this study demonstrates the promising development of high corrosion resistant Mg alloys.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Were Used Partially with Fly Ash and Kaolin Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Chidchanok Chainej ◽  
Suparut Narksitipan ◽  
Nittaya Jaitanong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lime Water ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Iron Mold

The aims of this research were study the microstructures and mechanical properties for partial replacement of cement with Fly ash (FA) and kaolin waste (KW). Ordinary Portland cement were partially replaced with FA and KW in the range of 25-35% and 10-25% by weight of cement powder. The kaolin waste was ground for 180 minutes before using. The specimen was packing into an iron mold which sample size of 5×5×5 cm3. Then, the specimens were kept at room temperature for 24 hours and were moist cured in the incubation lime water bath at age of 3 days. After that the specimens were dry cured with plastic wrap at age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. After that the compounds were examined by x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and the microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength was then investigated.

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Ken Bergeson ◽  
Turgut Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fly Ash Generated from Matla Power Station in Mpumalanga, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushola S. Ayanda ◽  
Olalekan S. Fatoki ◽  
Folahan A. Adekola ◽  
Bhekumusa J. Ximba
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Power Station ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

In this study, fly ash was obtained from Matla power station and the physicochemical properties investigated. The fly ash was characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Surface area, particle size, ash and carbon contents, pH, and point of zero charge were also measured. The results showed that the fly ash is alkaline and consists mainly of mullite (Al6Si2O13) and quartz (SiO2). Highly toxic metals As, Sb, Cd, Cr, and Pb as well as metals that are essential to health in trace amounts were also present. The storage and disposal of coal fly ash can thus lead to the release of leached metals into soils, surface and ground waters, find way into the ecological systems and then cause harmful effect to man and its environments.

Influence of Fly Ash on Corrosion Resistance of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Radomír Sokolář
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Refractory Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article examines the influence of fly ash on corrosion resistance of refractory forsterite-spinel ceramics by molten iron as a corrosive medium. Fly ash in comparison with alumina were used as raw materials and sources of aluminium oxide for synthesis of forsterite-spinel refractory ceramics. Raw materials were milled, mixed in different ratios into two sets of mixtures and sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal dilatometric analysis. Crucibles were then made from the fired ceramic mixtures and fired together with iron at its melting point of 1535°C for 5 hours. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy on the transition zones between iron and ceramics. Mixtures with increased amount of spinel had higher corrosion resistance and mixtures with fly ash were comparable to mixtures with alumina in terms of corrosion resistance and refractory properties.

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