scholarly journals Surgical mask designed for endoscopic procedures to prevent the diffusion of droplets

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-519
Author(s):  
K Furukawa ◽  
K Sato ◽  
S Okachi ◽  
H Kawashima ◽  
M Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Narrow Slit ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Endoscopic Insertion ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Close Fit

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) has become a global pandemic. The human-tohuman transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs primarily through droplets, aerosols, and direct contact. Endoscopy is performed at a short physical distance between an endoscopist and patient, which increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to the endoscopist through contact with body fluids and exposure to droplets due to vomiting, retching, and coughing during endoscopic procedures (1). Gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures generate aerosols, which mandates the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) (1,2). To further reduce the risk of viral infection during endoscopy, additional infection protection is needed to assist PPE from not only the side of endoscopists but also the side of patients (3). Various infection prevention devices, such as a reusable plastic cube barrier, have been reported (3); however, we focused on a surgical mask as a simple and inexpensive method (4). Previous studies proposed modified surgical masks with an endoscopic insertion port, which were handmade with an incision for endoscope insertion into commercially available surgical masks (2,4). Although these “handmade” masks may be easily modified, their preparation is burdensome and not sterile. We developed a novel disposal surgical mask with a mask manufacturer that is specifically designed as a droplet prevention device for endoscopic procedures that may be massproduced with uniform quality and easily introduced into endoscopy units. This novel surgical mask has a 10-mm slit in the center for the insertion of an endoscope and two small 6-mm slits for suction on the left and right. The width of the pleats in the center have been widened to easily cut the slits, which allows for cost-effective mass production. Despite its close fit, the narrow slit allows for the easy passage of an endoscope and smooth endoscopic manipulation. Furthermore, the leakage of droplets and aerosols through the slit in the surgical mask is minimized (Fig. 1A-D).

Physical Exercise and Yoga: as an alternative approach towards COVID-19 management

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Sakshi Sudha ◽  
Madhu Chopra ◽  
Famida Khan ◽  
Kanupriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), a highly contagious ssRNA +Ve sense virus that emerged in late 2019, has created a global panic. With no effective therapy available, the virus has significantly affected the world population causing millions of death. Therefore, it is the utmost need to look towards all the possible strategies to benefit the community. Objectives: In view of the current global pandemic, we tried to discuss the potential benefits of two cost-effective alternative approaches, i.e., physical exercise and yoga. Method: The editorial is based on a literature search available on PubMed, Google Scholar, and WHO portal. Search terminologies include “yoga”, “physical exercise”, “COVID-19”, “viral infections”, and a combination of these words. Results: A literature search defines yoga and physical exercise efficacy in different viral diseases, including HIV, influenza, and HSV. It ameliorates the quality of life (QoL) by improving both the physical and mental wellbeing of an individual. This is mainly done by promoting the better functioning of the immune system (increases CD4+ and CD8+ cells and reduces pro-inflammatory response). Conclusions: Regular involvement of these activities in day-to-day life may limit latent virus reactivations and reduce infection chances.

Management of dental fluorosis by amodified treatment strategy amidst a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Dr Nileena Mary Cherian ◽  
Dr K. C Ponnappa ◽  
Dr SalinNanjappa ◽  
Dr K. K Nanjamma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

In recent months, the dental treatment scenario has changed due to the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic. Most of the aerosol generating procedures have been avoided. This case report, describes a conservative, less aerosol generating and cost-effective treatment modality, for the immediate aesthetic management of moderate fluorosis using enamel microabrasion technique.

scholarly journals Cloth masks as respiratory protections in the COVID-19 pandemic period: evidence gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Ana Maria de Almeida ◽  
Maria Eliane Moreira Freire ◽  
Jordana de Almeida Nogueira ◽  
Elucir Gir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Virus Retention

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify scientific evidence on the effectiveness of using cloth masks as safe protectors against COVID-19. Method: an integrative review of articles available in full obtained at PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Controlled, non-controlled descriptors and keywords such as “mask”, “home-made” and “cloth” or “cotton” and “infection control” or “infection prevention” were used. Results: thirty-eight articles were selected; of these, seven studies made up the sample. Evidence shows that cloth masks do not have the same protective characteristics as surgical masks, indicating an increased risk of infection due to humidity, diffusion of fluids, virus retention, and improper preparation. Considering the shortage of surgical masks during the pandemic, cloth masks could be proposed as a last resort. Conclusion: cloth masks should be used together with preventive measures, such as home insulation, good respiratory conduct, and regular hand hygiene.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Origin, Impact, and Drug Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaresh Mishra ◽  
Nisha Nair ◽  
Amit K. Yadav ◽  
Pratima Solanki ◽  
Jaseela Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, a rapidly spreading unknown virus was reported to have caused coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Origin linked to Wuhan’s wholesale food market where live animals are sold. This disease is caused by SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is closely related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This virus shares a high sequence identity with bat-derived SARS-like Coronavirus, which indicating its zoonotic origin. The virus spread globally, provoking widespread attention and panic. This Coronavirus is highly pathogenic and causes mild to severe respiratory disorders. Later, it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its highly infectious nature and worldwide mortality rate. This virus is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, and its genome length about 26 to 32 kb that infects a broad range of vertebrates. The researchers worldwide focus on establishing treatment strategies on drug and vaccine development to prevent this COVID-19 pandemic. A drug repurposing approach has been used to identify a rapid treatment for the people affected by COVID-19, which could be cost-effective and bypass some Food and Drug Association (FDA) regulations to move quickly in phase-3 trials. However, there is no promising therapeutic option available yet. This book chapter addresses current information about the COVID-19 disease, including its origins, impacts, and the novel potential drug candidates that can help treat the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Different laterality indexes are poorly correlated with one another but consistently show the tendency of males and females to be more left- and right-lateralized, respectively

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Buenaventura Castillo ◽  
Andy G. Lynch ◽  
Silvia Paracchini
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The most common way to assess handedness is based on the preferred hand for writing, leading to a binary (left or right) trait. Handedness can also be assessed as a continuous trait with laterality indexes, but these are not time- and cost-effective, and are not routinely collected. Rarely, different handedness measures are collected for the same individuals. Here, we assessed the relationship of preferred hand for writing with four laterality indexes, reported in previous literature, derived from measures of dexterity (pegboard task, marking squares and sorting matches) and strength (grip strength), available in a range of N = 6664–8069 children from the ALSPAC cohort. Although all indexes identified a higher proportion of individuals performing better with their right hand, they showed low correlation with each other (0.08–0.3). Left handers were less consistent compared to right handers in performing better with their dominant hand, but that varied across indexes, i.e. 13% of left handers performed better with their right hand on marking squares compared to 48% for sorting matches and grip strength. Analysis of sex effects on the laterality indexes showed that males and females tend to be, on all measures, more left- and right-lateralized, respectively. Males were also over-represented among the individuals performing equally with both hands suggesting they had a higher tendency to be weakly lateralized. This study shows that different handedness measures tap into different dimensions of laterality and cannot be used interchangeably. The trends observed across indexes for males and females suggest that sex effects should be taken into account in handedness and laterality studies.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Closed Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Infection Prevention after Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Pagani ◽  
Michael A. Moverman ◽  
Richard N. Puzzitiello ◽  
Mariano E. Menendez ◽  
Joseph J. Kavolus
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Revision Tka

AbstractRecent investigations have shown that closed incisional negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) decreases the rate of postoperative wound complications following revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we used a break-even analysis to determine whether ciNPWT is a cost-effective measure for reducing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after revision TKA. The cost of ciNPWT, cost of treatment for PJI, and baseline infection rates following revision TKA were collected from institutional data and the literature. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) in infection rate necessary for cost-effectiveness was calculated using break-even analysis. Using our institutional cost of ciNPWT ($600), this intervention would be cost-effective if the initial infection rate of revision TKA (9.0%) has an ARR of 0.92%. The ARR needed for cost-effectiveness remained constant across a wide range of initial infection rates and declined as treatment costs increased. The use of ciNPWT for infection prevention following revision TKA is cost-effective at both high and low initial infection rates, across a broad range of treatment costs, and at inflated product expenses.

Drug Discovery for Covid-19 – A Multidimensional Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 900-905
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Omprakash Goshain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Approach

Covid-19, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV) has challenged pharmaceutical science against viruses, globally. The disease has become a global pandemic beginning the race of new therapeutic strategies against novel corona virus (nCoV). Therefore, management of such pandemic issue is a need of the hour. Drug delivery refers to an approach adopted to transfer drug particles within the body to obtain a potent therapeutic effect. In the present study, an attempt has been taken to discuss about plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) and fungal bioactive compounds which are potent antiviral pharmaceutical agents. Also, a discussion about allopathic ingredient of plant secondary metabolites have also been done. The unique repository of Indian plants and versatility of fungal species provide broad spectrum to screen for pharmaceutical ingredients against novel corona virus. Further, screening of plant secondary metabolites by molecular docking can be a cost effective way to combat from novel corona virus. Thus, it can be said that, Multidimensional approach discussed herein may provide insights to combat antimicrobial resistance in the future. The present review will promote further research horizons in plants and fungal based therapeutics and a novel approach towards drug discovery thereby preventing the humans from suffering through severe adversities.

scholarly journals 219 Managing Beef Cattle Growth Amidst a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned from 2020 and Strategies for the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Meat Animal

Abstract The coronavirus disease-19 related events of 2020 had severe detrimental effects on meat animal production in the United State. Due to harvest facility slowdowns and shutdowns, many market animals, including beef cattle, were on feed greater than 60 d past their optimal endpoint. These dramatic changes caused many changes in feeding and growth technologies management. The two major growth enhancing compounds used in feedlot cattle production are steroidal implants (IMP) and β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA). Implementation of β-AA during the pandemic was extremely difficult due to the lack of knowledge on exact shipping dates. The β-AA are fed the last 28 to 42 d on feed. Ractopamine was approved for cattle with essential a 12-h withdrawal. Many questions arose about the maximum length of withdrawal on ractopamine before losing any of the added growth response in both the live animal and carcass. Many feedlot operators relied on IMP administration to achieve added growth response in cattle held for longer days on feed. With zero-day withdrawal on implants, it was a cost-effective means to hold cattle in an efficient manner. Many producers simply could not manage β-AA feeding during the pandemic period and used other management technologies to enhance growth and efficiency during the end of the feeding period.

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