scholarly journals Effects of egg weight and in ovo injection of <i>α</i>-tocopherol on chick development, hatching performance, and lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations in quail chick tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Babacanoğlu ◽  
Mehmet Reşit Karageçili ◽  
Filiz Karadaş
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Chick Development ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Abstract. Lipid-soluble antioxidants can be more effective for chick development when provided via in ovo (IO) injection than when supplemented to the maternal diet. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of egg weight (EW) and IO injection of α-tocopherol on chick development, hatching performance and lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations in residual yolk sac (RYS), liver and brain tissues of quail chicks. Eggs were obtained from quail breeders at days 72 and 128 of age and incubated at 37.8 ∘C and 60 % relative humidity. Each egg was numbered and weighed prior to incubation, and the average EW of all eggs was 11.76 ± 0.05 g. The eggs were divided into light (< 11.76 EW; EWL) and heavy (> 11.76 EW; EWH) groups (148 eggs per EW). Each EW group was divided into two IO groups: the control (non-injection) group and α-tocopherol group, in which 3.75 mg of α-tocopherol per egg was injected into the yolk sac followed by a 120 h incubation period. There were 64 eggs for each EW–IO treatment combination (16 eggs per EW per tray). The chick and RYS weights were significantly lower in the EWL group than in the EWH group. A significant EW by IO interaction suggested that IO increased the eggshell temperature of light quail eggs. The non-injected light eggs had a shorter hatching time due to the interaction of EW with IO. Hatchability, embryonic mortalities, and the cumulative hatching rate were not affected by EW or IO. The chick and middle toe lengths increased following IO administration (P < 0.05), which indicated that IO administration had positive effects on chick quality. However, shank length decreased following IO administration with an unchanged relative asymmetry (RA). IO significantly affected the absolute weights of the liver and heart and the relative weight of the heart, which was lower in the α-tocopherol group than in the control group. IO administration had no effect on total retinol and carotenoid concentrations in the RYS, liver and brain. Vitamin E, α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol concentrations in the RYS, liver and brain were significantly higher in the α-tocopherol-treated chicks than in the control chicks. The highest brain α-tocopherol concentration was found in the α-tocopherol-treated chicks of the EWH group, indicating a significant interaction between EW and IO. The highest total lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations were obtained following IO α-tocopherol treatment (P < 0.05), in the order brain < liver < RYS, but this pattern was not observed with δ-tocopherol. In conclusion, IO injection of α-tocopherol into the yolk sac affected the concentrations of tissue-specific lipid-soluble antioxidants in the RYS and tissues of newly hatched quail chicks, and EW had effects on various parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of In Ovo Injection of Organic Zinc, Manganese and Copper on Hatchability Parameters and Some Tissues’ Properties in Quail Breeder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Esra Tuğçe Şentürk ◽  
Alpönder Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Physiological Serum ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Tissue Characteristics

This study has been carried out to investigate that the effect of different levels of in ovo zinc, manganese and copper mineral mix injection on the hatchability and some tissue characteristics in the Japanese quail breeder eggs. In the study a total 400 Japanese quail breeder eggs which have similar weight have been randomly distributed to four different experimental groups: C as control non-injected (C), MinMix1 has been injected with 15+15+3 µg Zn-Mn-Cu mineral mix + 0.2 ml physiological serum per egg, MinMix2 has been injected with 30+30+6 µg Zn-Mn-Cu mineral mix + 0.2 ml physiological serum per egg and MinMix3 has been injected with 45+45+9 µg Zn-Mn-Cu mineral mix + 0.2 ml physiological serum per egg. The effect of treatment on hatchability, hatching weight and tibia weight, leg, beak and tibia lengths has been found to be unimportant. The yolk sac weight was lower in the injected groups compared to the control group, whereas the heart and liver weights, chick and wing lengths have significantly increased with the in ovo mineral mix injection. The hatching of chicks in the injected groups has started earlier than the control group and the hatchings of these groups were completed earlier, except for the MinMix3 group. These results demonstrated that in ovo injection with MinMix2 increased heart and liver weights and chick and wing lengths while in ovo mineral injection decreased yolk sac.

Performance, intestinal morphometry, and incubation parameters of broiler chickens submitted to in ovo feeding with different techniques and amino acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-740
Author(s):  
Priscila Groff-Urayama ◽  
Joselaine Padilha ◽  
Suelen Einsfeld ◽  
Simone Pertile ◽  
Mateus Gorges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Air Chamber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

The objective of this research was to evaluate techniques, incubation period, and effects of amino acids in ovo feeding. First, 240 hatching eggs were selected and distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two techniques and 3 d). The parameters of incubation, relative weight of gastrointestinal organs, and classification of embryonic mortality were evaluated. In the second stage, 720 hatching eggs were incubated with five treatments: control, methionine (20 and 30 mg), and lysine (20 and 30 mg). These animals were housed during 14 d. The animals were divided with five treatments, nine replicates, and groupings based on sex. Incubation parameters, performance, intestinal morphometry, and relative weight of digestive tract organs were evaluated. The results indicate that the technique using a 45° needle axis passing through the air chamber hinders hatchability. In the organ weighing, there was no difference between the evaluated factors. For intestinal morphometry, there was only a significant difference between the dose factor for the crypt villi and crypt diameter. To conclude, the technique using a 90° angle without passing through the air chamber is safer for the embryos. The inoculation of methionine (20 and 30 mg) obtained data similar to the control group.

scholarly journals Efficacy of In Ovo Delivered Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Gut Health of Kuroiler Chickens in the Face of a Natural Coccidiosis Challenge

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Angwech ◽  
Siria Tavaniello ◽  
Acaye Ongwech ◽  
Archileo N. Kaaya ◽  
Giuseppe Maiorano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Face ◽  
D 12

A study was carried out to assess the efficacy of prebiotic delivered in ovo on performance, carcass traits, meat quality and gut health in the face of a natural coccidiosis infection in Kuroiler chickens. On d 12 of incubation, 150 fertile eggs were divided into a prebiotic group injected with trans-galactooligosaccharides (Bi2tos) and a control group uninjected. Hatched chicks from each group were further divided: One group received antibiotic chick formula while the other was left untreated, giving rise to 4 groups—Control (C), Antibiotic (A), Bi2tos (B), and Bi2tos + Antibiotic (AB). Prebiotic improved growth performance at six weeks of age, AB birds were the heaviest at the end of the rearing period. The highest intestinal lesion scores and oocyst counts were recorded in C birds. B group had a slightly higher carcass weight and cuts yields tended to be higher in treated groups compared to C. Meat from B group displayed a higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to C and a positively lower n-6/n-3 ratio compared to C and A. In conclusion, prebiotics with or without antibiotics reduced severity of intestinal lesions and oocyst excretion induced by natural infection with Eimeria, with positive effects on Kuroiler chicken productive traits.

scholarly journals Avian antimicrobial peptides: in vitro and in ovo characterization and protection from early chick mortality caused by yolk sac infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Brenda Allan ◽  
Colette Wheler ◽  
Wolfgang Köster ◽  
Volker Gerdts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Public Health Authorities

AbstractIncreasing antibiotic resistance is a matter of grave concern for consumers, public health authorities, farmers, and researchers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as novel and effective non-antibiotic tools to combat infectious diseases in poultry. In this study, we evaluated six avian AMPs including 2 truncated cathelicidins, [CATH-1(6–26) and CATH-2(1–15)], and 4 avian β-defensins (ABD1, 2, 6 and 9) for their bactericidal and immunomodulatory activities. Our findings have shown CATH-1(6–26) and ABD1 being the two most potent avian AMPs effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria investigated in these studies. Moreover, CATH-1(6–26) inhibited LPS-induced NO production and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity to HD11 cells. While, ABD1 blocked LPS-induced IL-1β gene induction and was non-toxic to HD11 cells. Importantly, in ovo administration of these AMPs demonstrated that ABD1 can offer significant protection from early chick mortality (44% less mortality in ABD1 treated group versus the control group) due to the experimental yolk sac infection caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Our data suggest that in ovo administration of ABD1 has immunomodulatory and anti-infection activity comparable with CpG ODN. Thus, ABD1 can be a significant addition to potential alternatives to antibiotics for the control of bacterial infections in young chicks.

scholarly journals Long Exposure to a Diet Supplemented with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Probiotics Improves Sperm Quality and Progeny Survival in the Zebrafish Model

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Valcarce ◽  
Marta F. Riesco ◽  
Juan M. Martínez-Vázquez ◽  
Vanesa Robles
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the present experiment is to study the effects of oral ingestion of a mixture of two probiotic bacteria on sperm quality and progenies. Three homogeneous groups of juvenile zebrafish were created. Once having reached adulthood (3 months postfertilization; mpf), each group received different feeding regimens: a standard diet (control), a maltodextrin-supplemented diet (vehicle control), or a probiotic-supplemented diet (a mixture (1:1) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347). The feeding regime lasted 4.5 months. Growth parameters (weight and length) were determined at 3, 5, and 7.5 mpf. Sperm motility was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis at 5 and 7.5 mpf. Progeny survival, hatching rate, and malformation rate were also evaluated. Results showed that probiotic-supplemented diet improved growth parameters compared with the standard diet. The highest percentage of motile spermatozoa was reported in the probiotic-fed group. Concomitantly, the percentage of fast sperm subpopulation was significantly lower in samples derived from control males. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in progeny survival between the probiotic-fed group and the control group at three developmental times (24 hours postfertilization (hpf), 5 days postfertilization (dpf) and 7 dpf). In conclusion, in zebrafish, prolonged ingestion of a mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347 has positive effects on growth, sperm quality, and progeny survival.

scholarly journals Insight View on the Role of in Ovo Feeding of Clenbuterol on Hatched Chicks: Hatchability, Growth Efficiency, Serum Metabolic Profile, Muscle, and Lipid-Related Markers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Rashed A. Alhotan ◽  
Abdulrahman S. Alharthi ◽  
Eldsokey Nassef ◽  
Mohamed A. Kassab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Myostatin Gene ◽  
Positive Effects

The present study aimed to assess the in ovo administration of clenbuterol on chick fertility, growth performance, muscle growth, myogenic gene expression, fatty acid, amino acid profile, intestinal morphology, and hepatic lipid-related gene expressions. In this study, 750 healthy fertile eggs from the local chicken breed Dokki-4 strain were analyzed. Fertile eggs were randomly divided into five experimental groups (150 eggs/3 replicates for each group). On day 14 of incubation, in addition to the control group, four other groups were established where 0.5 mL of worm saline (30 °C) was injected into the second group of eggs. In the third, fourth, and fifth groups, 0.5 mL of worm saline (30 °C), 0.9% of NaCl, and 10, 15, and 20 ppm of clenbuterol were injected into the eggs. Results suggested that clenbuterol increased growth efficiency up to 12 weeks of age, especially at 15 ppm, followed by 10 ppm, decreased abdominal body fat mass, and improved hatchability (p < 0.01). Clenbuterol also modulated saturated fatty acid levels in the breast muscles and improved essential amino acids when administered at 10 and 15 ppm. Additionally, clenbuterol at 15 ppm significantly decreased myostatin gene expression (p < 0.01) and considerably increased IGF1r and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) expression. Clenbuterol administration led to a significant upregulation of hepatic PPARα, growth hormone receptor, and Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression with a marked decrease in fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) expression. In conclusion, the current study revealed that in ovo injection of clenbuterol showed positive effects on the growth of hatched chicks through reduced abdominal fat deposition, improved intestinal morphology, and modulation of hepatic gene expressions in myogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Zi Li ◽  
Shan-Shan Lei ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Fu-Chen Zhou ◽  
Ye-Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Brain

Aim and Objective: The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on “nourish yin”. However, there have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect. Materials and Methods: SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain. In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx. Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats. Conclusion: DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and balancing the release of neurotransmitters.

scholarly journals Audience Response Software as a Learning Tool in University Courses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ana María Díez-Pascual ◽  
María Pilar García García Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Teaching Learning

The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a fundamental tool in all areas of today’s society, including higher education. Lessons cannot be envisaged without the use of tools such as computers, tablets or mobile devices. Many lecturers use audience response systems (ARS) to keep their classes engaged. ARS software allows teachers to interact with students via polls, text responses, or multiple-choice questions displayed via their mobile devices. A new example of the use of this type of devices in education is gamification, a technique that uses a set of activities with ludic character as a learning methodology in order to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and competences. One of the most used gamification tools is Kahoot!, a free learning application based on a mixture of game and creativity, which encourages attention and participation of students through questions and answers formulated by the teacher and designed in a way that students respond via their mobile phones. This paper examines the use of Kahoot! in a subject belonging to the chemistry area. In order to assess the benefits of this tool, it was tested in a group of students to review the knowledge and skills acquired during the theoretical lessons prior to the exams, and the academic results were compared with those of a control group of students who did not use the tool. The results demonstrate that the use of Kahoot! led to an improvement in the teaching–learning process of the students and a noteworthy rise in their marks, and that its positive effects rise with increasing the frequency of use of this didactic tool.

scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles—Toxicity and Effect of In Ovo Inoculation on Chicken Embryo Development, Broiler Performance and Bone Status

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matuszewski ◽  
Monika Łukasiewicz ◽  
Jan Niemiec ◽  
Maciej Kamaszewski ◽  
Sławomir Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo

The use of intensive selection procedure in modern broiler chicken lines has led to the development of several skeletal disorders in broiler chickens. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bone quality in birds. In ovo technology, using nanoparticles with a high specificity to bones, is a potential approach. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in ovo inoculation (IOI) of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCN) on chicken embryo development, health status, bone characteristics, and on broiler production results and bone quality. After assessing in vitro cell viability, the IOI procedure was performed with an injection of 500 μg/mL CCN. The control group was not inoculated with CCN. Hatchability, weight, and selected bone and serum parameters were measured in embryos. Part of hatchlings were reared under standard conditions until 42 days, and production results, meat quality, and bone quality of broilers were determined. CCN did not show cytotoxicity to cells and chicken embryo and positively influenced bone parameters of the embryos and of broilers later (calcification) without negatively affecting the production results. Thus, the IOI of CCN could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis, resulting in better mineralization, and could provide a sustained effect, thereby improving bone quality in adult birds.

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