An assessment of the impact of the groundwater level decline during the open-pit extraction on the state of the subarctic wetlands 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Ponomareva ◽  
Anastasya Shtang ◽  
Olga Yarygina ◽  
Svetlana Selyanina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
The Impact

<p>Exploration and extraction of mineral resources have a significant impact on the environment. This anthropogenic impact is especially dangerous for the subarctic and arctic territories due to the vulnerability, instability and low capacity for self-recovery of northern ecosystems. The leading place takes the impact of open-pit mining on surface and ground waters. The region under study is characterized by excessive moistening due to the geographic location and climatic conditions.</p><p>The environmental monitoring of an open-pit mine located within the Belomoro-Kuloi plateau showed that the radius of the cone of depression is about 10 km, and its depth exceeds 180 m. A change in the hydrological regime of this territory can cause significant transformations of the oligotrophic ecosystems dominating here, and, accordingly, affect the state and functioning of relict swampy sub-tundra forests.</p><p>The aim was to assess the impact of the groundwater level decline on the structure and dynamics of oligotrophic phytocenoses and the corresponding edaphotop (the case of model sites located on an oligotrophic bog genetically and geographically close to the disturbed bogs).</p><p>It was found that both the phytocenosis as a whole and its individual components are sensitive to changes in hydrological conditions. However, they cannot act as an indicator in the short term because of the wide variability of the response, the significant ecological plasticity of the majority of bog species, and also a sufficiently long (up to 10-25 years) period for establishing the equilibrium state of the phytocenosis after the destabilizing effect. Changes in phytocenosis occur as a reaction to changes in edaphic conditions as a whole. Therefore, information on the properties and structure of peat deposits allows a rapid and reliable assessment of the processes occurring in the ecosystem during drainage.</p><p>The studying of the physicochemical properties of peat deposits confirms that changes in hydrological conditions find a fixed response in the composition of peat organic matter. Drainage of peat deposits leads to a significant increase in humification, a noticeable increase in the content of bitumen and humic compounds while reducing the content of easily and difficult hydrolysable components. This is consistent with changes in the structure and number of microbial communities, as well as with an increase in the depth of aeration of the peat deposit. Biogeotransformation is accompanied by synchronous processes of condensation and destruction of fulvic acids, as well as partial washing out of labile organic matter from the peat structure and, accordingly, an increase in the removal of organic matter into watercourses.</p><p>At the same time, restoration of drained bogs does not ensure the remediation of the structure and group chemical composition of peat to the initial values. Therefore, a drained bog, when restored, develops according to the mesotrophic or eutrophic type, as shown by other researchers. The change from oligotrophic communities to meso- and eutrophic ones leads to disruption of the delicate equilibrium of subarctic ecosystems and reduces the list and volume of ecosystem services that these wetlands provide, both at the local and global levels.</p><p>This work was supported by the RFBR grant No.18-05-60151 “Arctic”</p>

scholarly journals The role of the factors determining national character in building civil society

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 774-795
Author(s):  
Serhii O. Komnatnyi ◽  
Oleg S. Sheremet ◽  
Viacheslav E. Suslykov ◽  
Kateryna S. Lisova ◽  
Stepan D. Svorak
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Mechanism Of Impact ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the mechanism of impact of sociopsychological phenomena such as the national character and the political mentality in the construction and functioning of civil society. It aims to show the impact of climate, religion, and the perception of happiness on the state of civil society through details of a national nature. The main research method is to compare data from global research on the state of civil society with data from climatic conditions, dominant religions, and happiness indices. The article proves coincidently that these factors are reflected in such essential characteristics of civil society as "openness" and "closed-mindedness". The interaction between the national character and the construction of civil society has two stages. It is concluded that the results obtained are important to evaluate the prospects for the construction and development of civil society in different countries and regions of the world. Further research in this direction involves the study of other aspects of the impact of national character and political mindset on the functioning of civil society.

scholarly journals Changes of risky element concentrations under organic and mineral fertilization  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hlisnikovský ◽  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
E. Kunzová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
M. Pechová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

The 28-day incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of the application of digestate (Dig); digestate with straw (DigSt); pig slurry (Slu) and mineral fertilizer (NPK) on Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn availability, on K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon content and on the soil pH value in long-term contaminated soil. At days three and seven of the experiment, the 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable fractions of Cd, Zn and Mn significantly decreased under organic treatments (Dig, DigSt and Slu) with the most pronounced effect under Dig treatment. The NPK treatment caused the increase of risky element concentrations since day 21 of incubation which was accompanied with pH decrease. The contents of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon were the highest at day 3 and 7 of incubation in organic treatments. The significant correlations between 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable metal concentrations showed a close relationship between fresh organic matter added in organic fertilizers and risky element availability, suggesting that newly added labile organic matter can form temporary ligands with risky elements and release them later following its decomposition.  

scholarly journals Shaping the regional structure in the modern Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
A. Z. Sapiev
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Federal Center ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers shaping the regional structure in the modern Russian Federation. One of the vital functions of any state is the search for methods and forms of combining the interests of the state and its territories. The discrepancy between the interests of the state and its territorial entities, as well as the inhabitants of these territories, is a constant problem for any type of state. A state seeks to mitigate the high differentiation of its various territories, which is a destabilizing factor in the development of a state. Naturally, the difference between different regions is a consequence of the impact of natural and climatic conditions, socio-economic factors, as well as the peculiarities of the historical development of a particular region of a country. However, the state and the regions are concerned mainly due to the lagging behind a number of regions in socio-economic development. As a result, depressed regions appear. At present, in the Russian Federation there is a sharp differentiation due to the economic crisis and formation of new relations between the federal center and the regions. Taking into account the territorial extent of Russia, the achievement of sustainable development and stability is possible only with an even development of regions in economic and social terms. There is no progress on this issue on a national scale, because socio-economic and natural parameters of individual regions are worse than average ones in the state. For a modern state problems of sustainable development and territorial balance are especially important and should constantly be in the focus of the federal center.

Natural environment and human activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Hodakov
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Impact

The monograph describes the influence of the natural environment and its natural and climatic conditions on human life and socio-economic systems, which are considered as regions, territories of Eastern Europe. The natural and climatic factors (PCFs) characterizing the natural environment of Eastern Europe (Russia and Ukraine) and Western (England and France) are considered. Eastern Europe is in the zone of negative PCFs, close to critical. The influence of the PCF on the vital activity of the state and man is systematically described: mentality, systemic thinking, human health, ensuring the safety of life, sustainability of development, agricultural production, housing and communal services, construction, industry, information security, parrying of the PCF, the influence of the PCF on the development of science and education. Climate change trends at the global and regional levels are also described. Estimates of the impact of the PCF on the economy of the state and regions, recommendations on the adaptation of the economy to the PCF, the relationship of information security and information about the PCF, information technologies for assessing the sustainability of development and investment attractiveness of territories, conceptual foundations of state anti-crisis management of socio-economic systems are presented. It is intended for researchers, teachers, postgraduates, students specializing in the field of life safety, computer ecological and economic monitoring. It can be used to educate society in the field of the natural environment and its natural and climatic conditions.

Environmental Impact Assessment Related by Energy Sector in Rovinari Mining Area

Mining Revue ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Crina-Adriana Gurică ◽  
Mircea Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this article an impact assessment is carried out, generated by activities in the energy sector related to Rovinari mining area. Energy-related activities in this area are carried out by open pit mining activities in the context of Tismana, Roșia, Pinoasa, Peşteana and Rovinari locations and Rovinari thermal power plant. Some information that has formed the input for the author’s approach has been provided by SC. Complexul Energetic Oltenia SA (CEO) and S.C. Institute of Scientific Research, Technological Engineering and Mine Designs on Lignite S.A. Craiova (ICSITPML) which has been processed, analysed and used for the presented environmental impact assessment. Two methods from specialized studies have been used for the impact assessment, namely: the Matrix Method for Rapid Impact Assessment (MERI) and the Method for Integrated Quantitative Impact and Risk Assessment of Environmental Pollution (EIRM). Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the activity in this sector does not lead to significant negative effects strictly associated with it.

scholarly journals Numerical modeling of open pit (OP) to underground (UG) transition in coal mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phu Minh Vuong Nguyen ◽  
Zbigniew Niedbalski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The primary objective of the present paper is an attempt at evaluating the influence of sub-level caving operations on the slope stability of a still-functioning open pit coal mine in Vietnam. Initially, various methods of predicting the impact of underground mining on surface stability are discussed. Those theoretical considerations were later utilized in the process of constructing a Flac-2D-software-based numerical model for calculating the influence of underground operation on the deformation and possible loss of stability of an open pit slope. The numerical analysis proved that the values of open pit slope displacements were affected mainly by underground exploitation depth, direction of operation (i.e., from one slope to the other) and the distance from the slope plane. Real geomechanical strata parameters from the Vietnamese coal basin of Cam Pha were used in the modeling process. The paper is, therefore, a critical review of the hitherto proposed methods of predicting the impact of underground operation (UG) on open pit mining (OP), illustrated with selected examples of case studies on OP-UG interaction, followed by an original experiment based on numerical modeling method. This is first such study for the genuine conditions of the coal mining in Vietnam. The obtained results, however, should not be generalized due to a highly specific character of the analyzed phenomenon of mining-induced surface deformation. The practical implications of the study may occur extremely useful in the case of an UG-OP transition. Such a transition is often necessary for both technical and economical reasons, as in some coal basins open pit operations at greater depths occur unfeasible, which calls for a proper selection of parameters for a planned underground operation.

scholarly journals Mines and Bats: the Impact of Open-Pit Mining on Bat Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Emma Theobald ◽  
David J. Hosken ◽  
Patrick Foster ◽  
Kelly Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A probabilistic approach to the dynamic cut-off grade assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
Victor Bragin ◽  
Margarita Kharitonova ◽  
NATALYA Matsko
Keyword(s):  
Rational Solution ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The Government

Cut-off grade is an important conditioning parameter that determines the quantity and quality of recoverable reserves and development efficiency.  Today, Russian mining companies operate with certified quality requirements. By setting permanent quality requirements, the government seeks to prevent depletion of reserves, reduced production during periods of falling prices, and decreased budget revenues, expressing the interests of all members of society. But to what extent do the permanent quality requirements protect the interests of the state? The answer to this question is ambiguous and does not lie on the surface. The State Commission for Reserves and domestic researchers are working to find a rational solution to the problem of quality requirements. One solution is dynamic quality requirements. The effectiveness of their application has been proven for individual mining companies, but it is incorrect to transfer these conclusions to the entire mineral resource base of the country. This article presents a new approach to determining the dynamic cut-off grade, which varies depending on the price of minerals. The dynamic cut-off grade is proposed to be determined based on the indicators of constant requirements to the quality of exploration work, using the maximum allowable costs in the region. The approach allows to calculate the effect of the introduction of dynamic cut-off grade in the practice of subsurface use for the state (in the form of the amount of taxes received) and for subsoil users (in the form of the amount of income). For a group of gold-bearing deposits with open-pit mining method, it was established that the development of reserves using dynamic values of the cut-off grade in periods of price changes ensures compliance with the interests of the state and subsoil users.

Working Conditions and Occupational Health Risks of Workers in Open-Pit Ore Mines

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
A.G. Chebotarev ◽  
L.M. Leskina ◽  
N.P. Golovkova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of hygienic assessment of the working environment and process factors in surface ore mining operations. It analyzes morbidity patterns and levels of occupational diseases among employees engaged in open-pit mining of ores. Occupational risks due to the impact of harmful industrial factors on employees' health are assessed based on the results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study. It has been established that the working conditions of personnel in openpit mines, who are subjected to continuous and intensive exposure to harmful occupational factors in the course of their labour activities, contribute to higher incidence rates and risks concerned with chronic somatic diseases as compared to the intermittent exposure to the same harmful occupational factors.

scholarly journals Do soil aggregates really protect encapsulated organic matter against microbial decomposition?

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-O. Goebel ◽  
Susanne Woche ◽  
Jörg Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Crushed Material ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil aggregates can provide an effective protection of organic matter against microbial decomposition as reported by several macroaggregate disruption studies. However, research on the role of aggregation for carbon mineralization was mainly focused on arable soils. In the present study we aim to clarify the impact of aggregation on organic matter protection by measuring carbon mineralization in terms of microbial respiration rates of intact macroaggregates (2–4 and 4–8 mm) and corresponding crushed aggregates from seven topsoil horizons from both arable and forest sites. For two arable and one forest soil we found a significantly (P < 0.001) lower carbon mineralization from intact aggregates as compared to the corresponding crushed material. The portion of aggregate protected carbon reached up to 30% for a grassland soil. For the other arable and forest soils no significant effect of aggregation was found. Similarly, no clear trend could be found for the protective capacity of different size fractions. We conclude that protection by aggregation is effective primarily for soils with a large pool of labile organic matter regardless of their usage as arable land or forest.

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