scholarly journals The Relationship of Psychological Resilience and Jealousy in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 662-680
Author(s):  
Haydeh Faraji ◽  
Nilgün Berfu Boran
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Negative Feeling ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Psychological resilience is defined as an individual's ability to positively adjust and adapt to adversity, difficulty, misfortune, or potentially traumatic event to maintain mental health. Psychological resilience is an innate personality trait and a process of positive adaptation when becoming face to face with adversity which can emerge at different life stages depending on the situation. Jealousy is a powerful emotion defined as a negative feeling that arises when an difficulty which includes perceiving a threat from someone else to a valued relationship. This complex emotion, which contains the feelings of anxiety and fear in his heart, is felt as a result of a damage or loss that may occur due to the physical or fantasy existence of a third person who is seen as a rival in bilateral relations. Feelings of anxiety and fear, which are among the most basic contents of jealousy, are clear signs that the individual does not adapt to the situation they face. In this respect, the main hypothesis of our study is that there is an inverse relationship between resilience and jealousy in young adulthood. The research of the study, which was conducted online in 2021, consists of 188 female (75.2%), 62 are male (24.8%), in total 250 volunteers who’s age are between 18-45 (mean age of the sample is 29) who lives in Istanbul. The findings of our study showed that there is an inverse relationship between resilience and jealousy. Keywords: adulthood, pscyhological resilience, jealousy

scholarly journals Psychological Resilience in Response to Adverse Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-416
Author(s):  
Cassandra M. Popham ◽  
Fiona S. McEwen, and ◽  
Michael Pluess
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
The Individual

In the field of developmental psychology, resilience is broadly understood as positive adaptation despite exposure to adversity. The concept provides an explanation for the wide variability in mental health outcomes observed in children exposed to adverse experiences. Although resilience has become an important and influential concept in the field, some fundamental questions remain, such as how it should be defined and operationalized and what the specific processes are that lead to positive mental health outcomes in some children but not others. These questions are particularly relevant in the context of the global refugee crisis to understand and promote resilience in children exposed to war and displacement. In this chapter the authors argue that a holistic view is required to understand resilience and provide a model integrating five important psychological concepts. The five components of our integrated model of resilience suggest that (a) development is nested within multiple psychosocial and bio-ecological systems; (b) individual differences in environmental sensitivity influence the individual response to both negative and positive aspects of the environment; (c) resilience mechanisms can be investigated across multiple levels of analysis; (d) the conceptualization of positive adaptation should consider multiple outcome dimensions; and (e) resilience represents a developmental process that needs to be examined longitudinally. After presenting this model, the authors review empirical studies in relation to each of these five components and suggest how they can be further applied in the study of resilience to war and displacement in refugee children.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Embodied Mental Imagery Improves Memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110092
Author(s):  
Quentin Marre ◽  
Nathalie Huet ◽  
Elodie Labeye
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Memory Efficiency ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Systems

According to embodied cognition theory, cognitive processes are grounded in sensory, motor and emotional systems. This theory supports the idea that language comprehension and access to memory are based on sensorimotor mental simulations, which does indeed explain experimental results for visual imagery. These results show that word memorization is improved when the individual actively simulates the visual characteristics of the object to be learned. Very few studies, however, have investigated the effectiveness of more embodied mental simulations, that is, simulating both the sensory and motor aspects of the object (i.e., motor imagery) from a first-person perspective. The recall performances of 83 adults were analysed in four different conditions: mental rehearsal, visual imagery, third-person motor imagery, and first-person motor imagery. Results revealed a memory efficiency gradient running from low-embodiment strategies (i.e., involving poor perceptual and/or motor simulation) to high-embodiment strategies (i.e., rich simulation in the sensory and motor systems involved in interactions with the object). However, the benefit of engaging in motor imagery, as opposed to purely visual imagery, was only observed when participants adopted the first-person perspective. Surprisingly, visual and motor imagery vividness seemed to play a negligible role in this effect of the sensorimotor grounding of mental imagery on memory efficiency.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Deixis on Comment Speech By Indonesian Diplomat in United Nation (PBB) 75th General Assembly Meeting 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Minkhatunnakhriyah Minkhatunnakhriyah ◽  
◽  
Didin Nuruddin Hidayat ◽  
Alek Alek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Spatial Deixis ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Social Deixis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
United Nation

Deixis is a human language phenomenon in which particular expression referential depends on context use (Williams, 2019). By knowing deixis, a speaker knows alternate reference words depending on the interlocutor, places and time conversation takes place. The study investigates deixis and its context used by diplomats and representatives from Indonesia, Silvany Pasaribu of human rights cases of Vanuatu and Papua. This study's data source was the comment speech of an Indonesian diplomat, consisting of three types of deixis based on Levinson's theory. The video was collected from YouTube. Further, to analyse the data through several processes, the researchers firstly collected all deictic expressions found in transcription, classified the deictic word into each category of deixis. The result of this study shows thirty five deixis from comment speech of Indonesian diplomat. There were twenty three personal deixis consisting of a first, second, and third person, seven spatial deixis, and five temporal deixis. Person deixis generally be delivered by person grammatical type, which replaces personal pronoun encode like community, appropriate names, and the individual pronoun compound. Spatial or place deixis based on result which expresses by the speaker on their speech were location. Temporal deixis is used to the pointing of time context speech. Further research is suggested to analyze all kinds of deixis, such as social deixis and its context.

Ethology: The Narrative Turn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lestel
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Cognitive Ethology ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Animal Intelligence ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Strategies

Distinguishing their work from the causalist approaches of objectivist ethology, sociobiology, or cognitive ethology, a growing number of ethologists lay claim to the possibility of describing what animals do through more or less complex narratives. Narration becomes a methodological tool in its own right. Animals thus become characters as in novels. This is an epistemological choice. Our capacity to perceive the complexity of animal lives is tied to our capacity to tell ourselves stories in which animals are the heroes. These animals are not robots. They are subjects, individuals, and even persons. From this results a new and transpecific form of third-person narration. This approach still relies, however, on a set of very carefully collected field data and requires a great familiarity with observed animals. It then becomes possible to concern oneself with the individual strategies of particular animals rather than solely with behaviors that would be common to all members of a given species. The recourse to narrative as a means of understanding animal intelligence is especially pertinent as we become increasingly aware that animals themselves tell stories and that our concepts of narrative must expand beyond the human. Knowing whether animals have narrative structures is a philosophical question before it is a biological one. The desire to extend narrativity to the animal necessarily modifies what narrativity signifies. We perceive in animals a processual narrativity, a behavioral narrativity, and a fictional narrativity. The study of animals forces to rethink what a fiction is and compels one to consider its phylogensis in a rigorous manner without locating its origins in Homo sapiens.

GENRE OF IN MODERN TATAR LITERATURE: FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF R. GABDULKHAKOVA'S "SMALL" PROSE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
В.Р. Аминева
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Moral Truth ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lyrical Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Third Person

На материале произведений современной татарской писательницы Р. Габдулхаковой выявляются конститутивные черты жанра парча в современной татарской литературе. Охарактеризованы жанровые разновидности парчи в творчестве Р. Габдулхаковой, которые соответствуют двум направлениям сюжетного движения: от внешнего к внутреннему или от единичного к универсальному и двум типам повествования - от 1-го или от 3-го лица. Художественное завершение в парчах первого типа определяется постижением некой нравственной истины, вытекающей из лично пережитой лирическим субъектом ситуации, в парчах второго типа оно создается переходом от отдельных явлений к их суммирующему итогу. Сделан вывод о том, что внутреннюю меру жанра определяет характер соотношения повествовательной фабулы и обобщающей ее «концовки». Описаны свойственные этому жанру пространственно-временные отношения и принципы организации субъектной сферы. Структурообразующая роль в парчах Р. Габдулхаковой отводится субъективно-лирическому началу в повествовании. В произведениях писательницы проявились как особенности ее творческой индивидуальности, так и типологические черты женской прозы в целом с ее повышенной эмоциональностью, автобиографичностью и проникновенностью. Большинство миниатюр Р. Габдулхаковой написаны от первого лица и представляют сознание женщины, сосредоточенной на переживании своего одиночества и «холода жизни», безответной любви и позднего раскаяния, боли утраты, преследующей каждого человека после ухода матери. Парчи, написанные от третьего лица, раскрывают сознание человека, знающего о существовании объективных закономерностей и пытающегося найти личный выход из безнадежных ситуаций. В творчестве Р. Габдулхаковой парча функционирует как синтетический жанр, вбирающий в себя элементы других жанровых форм. On the material of works of the modern Tatar writer R. Gabdulhakova the constitutive features of the genre of the parcha are revealed. Genre varieties of parcha in the work of R. Gabdulkhakova are characterized, which correspond to two directions of plot movement: from the external to the internal or from the individual to the universal, and two types of narrative-from 1 or 3 persons. Artistic completion in the parcha of the first type is determined by the realization of a certain moral truth arising from the situation personally experienced by the lyrical subject, in the parcha of the second type it is created by the transition from individual phenomena to their summing result. It is concluded that the internal measure of the genre determines the nature of the relationship between the narrative plot and its generalizing "ending". Space-time relations and principles of organization of the subject sphere peculiar to this genre are described. The structure-forming role in the parcha of R. Gabdulkhakova is assigned to the subjective-lyrical beginning in the narrative. The works of the writer manifested both the features of her creative individuality and the typological features of female prose in general with its increased emotionality, autobiography and penetration. Most of R. Gabdulhakova’s miniatures are written in the first person and represent the consciousness of a woman focused on experiencing her loneliness and “cold life”, unrequited love and late repentance, the pain of loss that haunts every person after leaving her mother. Рarcha written in the third person reveal the consciousness of a person who knows about the existence of objective laws and tries to find a personal way out of hopeless situations. Allegorical or symbolic imagery at the same time turns a personal scenario - into a typical, universal human one. In the work of R. Gabdulhakova parcha functions as a synthetic genre, incorporating elements of other genre forms.

Parent and Child Perceptions of Collective Efficacy as Predictors of Delinquency

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Michael C Gearhart
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Efficacy Research ◽  
Youth Perceptions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Juvenile delinquency has a negative effect on victims, communities and the individual who commits a delinquent act. However, exposure to the juvenile justice system can be a traumatic event that results in further delinquency—highlighting a need to develop community-based interventions to prevent delinquency. Collective efficacy theory is a commonly used framework to prevent juvenile delinquency. Although community-level interventions have been developed based on collective efficacy, research suggests that they are limited in their effectiveness. This may be due to limitations in our conceptualisation of collective efficacy, and our limited understanding of how perceptions of collective efficacy differ between youths and parents. The present study utilises data from the Fragile Families Child Wellbeing Study to test parent and youth perceptions of collective efficacy as predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency. The results indicate that—although collective efficacy is typically associated with lower levels of juvenile delinquency in neighbourhoods—neither parents’ nor youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy are strong predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency. The findings suggest that focusing on youth, family and neighbourhood characteristics may maximise the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing juvenile delinquency.

scholarly journals 3D Imaging of Indentation Damage in Bone

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Tristan Lowe ◽  
Egemen Avcu ◽  
Etienne Bousser ◽  
William Sellers ◽  
Philip Withers
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Deformation Plasticity ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Crack Blunting ◽  
Indentation Methods ◽  
The Individual

Bone is a complex material comprising high stiffness, but brittle, crystalline bio-apatite combined with compliant, but tough, collagen fibres. It can accommodate significant deformation, and the bone microstructure inhibits crack propagation such that micro-cracks can be quickly repaired. Catastrophic failure (bone fracture) is a major cause of morbidity, particularly in aging populations, either through a succession of small fractures or because a traumatic event is sufficiently large to overcome the individual crack blunting/shielding mechanisms. Indentation methods provide a convenient way of characterising the mechanical properties of bone. It is important to be able to visualise the interactions between the bone microstructure and the damage events in three dimensions (3D) to better understand the nature of the damage processes that occur in bone and the relevance of indentation tests in evaluating bone resilience and strength. For the first time, time-lapse laboratory X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been used to establish a time-evolving picture of bone deformation/plasticity and cracking. The sites of both crack initiation and termination as well as the interconnectivity of cracks and pores have been visualised and identified in 2D and 3D.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Green ◽  
Doyle K. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Manualized Treatment ◽  
The Individual

Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is a manualized treatment for children 3–17 years old who have posttraumatic stress symptomology as a result of experiencing a traumatic event or series of events. This evidence-based practice allows for practitioner expertise in adapting the order and time spent on each of the treatment components to best meet the individual needs of the child and his or her caretaker. This article provides an overview of the treatment components of TF-CBT, its application across various settings, use with diverse populations, and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Trauma from abuse, suggestibility and EMDR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Romana Ficorilli
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

One of the most complete definitions of Trauma describes it as an "extreme, unsustainable and inevitable threatening experience, in the face of which the individual experiences a sense of helplessness", an event outside the range of usual human experiences, which overwhelm the normal human capacity for adaptation. A modern and current understanding of the concept of Trauma occurs with Bowlby, which places it for the first time in a "relational" context. He argues that the way people react in adverse life situations, particularly to a traumatic event, depends on the type of attachment that has been established between the child and his attachment figures (AFs). The concept of "child abuse and neglect" includes different forms of violence against children, ranging from verbal abuse to rape. Law 66 of 15 February 1996 introduced specific rules on child sexual abuse, in particular the way of listening to children in order to collect good testimony. The theory that today represents the point of reference for most research on the accuracy of memory in testimony, considers memory a "reconstructive" process, and is the result of the interaction between interpretation that is given by the subject in the coding phase, recovery of clues based on the general knowledge possessed by the subject and the context in which it is in the moment in which it must remember. Loftus' studies on false memories affirm that eye witnessing, however bona fide it may be, can be completely unreliable because there are many distortions of memory. The problem of suggestibility in memory is not so much that the momentary account can be modified, but that a distortion of the original episode of what is represented in memory of the event in question takes place, which, from that moment on, will be irreversibly modified. The therapeutic crisis support is the first phase of the therapeutic work following the abuse and has as its privileged recipients the victim and the adult who takes care of them. Currently, a trauma-focused therapy such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach, is used, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the elective therapy for the treatment of PTSD and several psychopathologies related to traumatic events, including sexual abuse. Not only because the victims of abuse could in turn perpetrate the cycle of abuse, but also so that victimisation is not considered an unchangeable characteristic of the person.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness and ethnic intolerance as factors of extremist behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 17012
Author(s):  
Kyuri Idrisov ◽  
Islam Khazhuev ◽  
Aslanbek Saidov
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
General Level ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Factors

The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between aggressive behavior of an individual with the parameters of socio-ethnic intolerance and socio-psychological attitudes in the motivational-need-sphere of the individual, in the context of experiencing intense stress caused by a traumatic event. The study involved 118 people - representatives of the youth of the Chechen Republic in the age range from 18 to 25 years. The results of the study showed that aggressive forms of behavior are accompanied by an increase in the general level of social intolerance, which is one of the significant factors in the growth of tension in society, since the manifestation of disrespect and intolerance towards others in the context of interethnic and interfaith interaction is accompanied not only by the growth of conflict situations in society, but also provokes extremist ideas and forms of behavior. At the same time, certain forms of aggressive behavior tend to intensify when the individual experiences situations of a psycho-traumatic nature, associated with the development of intense stress reactions.

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