scholarly journals The effect of kefir-spirulina on glycemic status and antioxidant activity in hyperglycemia rats

10.5219/1445 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Nur Laela ◽  
Anang Mohamad Legowo ◽  
Faizah Fulyani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. It is caused by impaired insulin secretion or by insulin receptor insensitivity. DM and its complications are often related to increases in the level of oxidative stress. Spirulina is a nutrient-dense food that contains an abundance of antioxidant compounds. In combination with kefir, it may serve as both a nutrient-rich diet and an antioxidant agent that can prevent complications of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the nutritional content of kefir-spirulina and its effect on glycemic status and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic rats. A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal control (K1), diabetic control (K2), pioglitazone treatment (K3), kefir combined with 1% spirulina treatment (P1), and kefir combined with 2% spirulina treatment (P2). All rats were induced by STZ-NA, except for the normal control. Before and after the 28 days of intervention, blood samples were taken and analyzed for fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and SOD activity. The nutritional content, ethanol content, and total antioxidant capacity of kefir-spirulina were also analyzed. The diabetic rats that were fed with kefir-spirulina (P1 and P2) had a significant decrease in both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (p <0.001) compared to the diabetic control rats. The decrease of plasma glucose in K2 is comparable to the control rats treated with the diabetic drug pioglitazone (K3). The activity of SOD in diabetic rats fed in P1 and P2 were higher (p <0.001) than in untreated diabetic rats (K2). The IC50 of kefir-spirulina was 42 – 43 ppm. It was concluded that kefir combined with spirulina has high nutrition and antioxidant capacity, which is proven to be capable of controlling glycemic status and enhancing antioxidant status in a diabetic rat model.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Combination Therapy of Sitagliptin and β-carotene Drugs on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Pulye Roy ◽  
Monirul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Saiful Islam ◽  
Mamunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Serum Glutamate ◽  
Β Carotene

Diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. A significant component of the risk associated with DM is thought to be because of its abnormal lipid ‘triad’ profile. All the associated complications are mainly due to imbalance between generation of free radicals and the antioxidant systems like catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Moreover, increased level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) are considered a consequence of hepatocyte damage. The current study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects, oxidative stress and liver dysfunction indices of fixed dose combination therapy of sitagliptin [50 mg/70kg body weight (BW)] and β-carotene (5 mg/70kg BW) on streptozotocin (45 mg/kg BW) induced diabetic rats (SIDRs). The study showed that combination therapy induced a significant decrease in blood glucose level (BGL) from 19.09 ± 0.13 to 6.86 ± 0.11 mmol/l in comparison to the control group after daily treatment for three weeks. In case of dyslipidimic effect, combination therapy reduced total cholesterol (TC) (22.96%), triglycerides (TG) (17.54%) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (52.25%) levels significantly and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level (55.98%) in comparison with respective diabetic control groups. We also observed that combination therapy lowered SGPT & SGOT level by 46.39% and 37.23%, respectively and increased SOD & CAT enzyme activity by 63.79% and 48.32%, respectively in comparison with diabetic control groups. These changes were significantly better than those of sitagliptin and β-carotene monotherapy. The suggestions of our findings of this research are that combination therapy is more potent than their individual monotherapy and may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic patients with associated complications. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(2): 87-95, 2020

scholarly journals Antidiabetic potential of the leaf extract of Centella asiatica in alloxaninduced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talha Bin Emran ◽  
Mycal Dutta ◽  
Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin ◽  
Aninda Kumar Nath ◽  
Md Zia Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat

The study was designed to evaluate the glucose and cholesterol lowering effect of the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica leaf using the alloxan-induced diabetic rats and compared the activity with diabetic control and antidiabetic drug (Glibenclamide). Leaf extract (50 mg/kg) of C. asiatica and Glibenclamide were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for the duration of 10 days. In the alloxan-induced diabetic rat model, C. asiatica extract (50 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the fasting blood glucose level as well as the total cholesterol level. Serum insulin levels were not stimulated in the animals treated with the extract. In addition, changes in body weight, serum lipid profiles and liver glycogen levels assessed in the extract treated diabetic rats were compared with diabetic control and normal animals. Significant results (p < 0.05) were observed in the estimated parameters. Surprisingly, body weight was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the C. asiatica treated diabetic group. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and tannins in significant amountsJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 51-59, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antihyperlipidaemic and Antioxidant Activity of Astercantha longifolia (Linn.) Nees and Pergularia daemia (Forsskal) Chiov

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
T. P. Kumari Pushpa Rani ◽  
A. Doss ◽  
S. P. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic effect of methanol extracts of Asteracantha longifolia and Pergularia daemia leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Swiss albino rats were made diabetic by a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p.). Blood glucose levels and body weights of rats were measured using on weekly intervals i.e day 0,7,14 and 21 after daily administration of both extracts at dose 200 mg/kg bw. Other biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, phospholipids and serum protein, albumin, globulin levels were also measured at the end of study. The antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD & GSH) were also measured in the diabetic rats. Results: In the acute toxicity study, methanol extract of both plants were non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg in rats. The increased body weight, decreased blood glucose and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with methanol extracts of both plants compared to diabetic control rats. The antioxidant activity of both plant extracts were also exhibited significant activity. In diabetic rats, methanol extract of both plants administration, altered lipid profiles were reversed to near normal than diabetic control rats. Conclusions: Methanol extract of both plants (Asteracantha longifolia and Pergularia daemia) leaf possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic activity in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon on Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cinnamon Extract

Background: Herbal medicine is used in all parts of the world mainly for prevention and treatment of various disorders due to better cultural suitability, lower cost and less side effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic and kidney-protective effects of the aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon on diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: Group 1: control group in which animals received chow diet, group 2: diabetic rats, group 3: diabetic rat + 2% T. foenum extract (w/w), group 4: diabetic rat + 8% of Trigonella foenum extract (w/w), group 5: diabetic rat + 2% Cinnamon extract (w/w) and group 6: diabetic rat + 8% of Cinnamon extract (w/w). Aqueous extract of T. foenum leaves and Cinnamon were administered to diabetic rats for 4 weeks. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity were also measured in kidney of the animals. In addition, morphological changes of the kidney were also analyzed by the light microscope. Results: Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon extract in diabetic animals significantly reduced MDA levels and restored antioxidant capacity (P<.05). T. foenum and Cinnamon also normalized plasma urea and creatinine concentration in diabetic rats (P<.05). Administration of T. foenum and Cinnamon extract especially at the dose of 8 mg/kg normalized histopatholgical changes of kidney in diabetic animal. Conclusions: The findings of this experiment showed that T. foenum extract and Cinnamon restored antioxidant capacity and structural changes of kidney.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fertility Effect and Hypolipidemic Activity of Carica papaya (Linn) Leaf Methanol Extract in Male Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Opeyemi O. Ayodele ◽  
Ifeoluwa M. Dada ◽  
Rotimi K. Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that leads to other microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes affects fertility and blood clotting, and also cause impaired lipid profile thus leading to increased atherogenic risks and coronary diseases. This research investigates the effects of Carica papaya leaf methanol extract on fertility indices and lipid profile of male diabetic rats. Methodology: Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated orally with 100 and 200 mg/kg C. papaya methanol extract for 14 days. At the end of administration, the plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile were assayed by spectrophotometric methods; seminal analysis was carried out for evaluation of morphology, motility and sperm count under the microscope. The bleeding and clotting times of the rats were also determined. Results: C. papaya leaf methanol extract caused significant (p = 0.05) reduction in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, bleeding and clotting times of diabetic treated rats, while the HDL-C of treated groups were significantly (p = 0.05) elevated compared to the diabetic control. Percentage normal cells were lower in diabetic control rats (41.4±4.4%) and C. papaya treated groups (50.0±8.5% for 100 mg/kg; 47.5±9.1% for 200 mg/kg) compared with the normal control group (69.5±5.6%). Similar results were recorded for sperm count. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, anthraquinone, tannin, and other bioactive compounds. Conclusion: findings from this study indicated that C. papaya leaf methanol extract could possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Thus, could be considered as a potential source of bio pharmacological agent for management and control of DM and its complications. Prolonged administration of C. papaya leaves may negatively affect male fertility.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Extract Affects Plasma Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Macrophage Infiltration in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuka Mukai ◽  
Saori Kataoka ◽  
Shin Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Rat Livers

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia is known to be a high-risk factor for progressive chronic liver diseases, such as abnormal lipid metabolism. The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia. Polyphenols derived from various plants are involved in AMPK activation. Objective: We investigated the effects of polyphenol-containing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) extract (SE) on plasma lipid metabolism and macrophage infiltration, and measured the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in diabetic rat livers. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received 0, 50, or 250 mg/kg of SE orally for 4 weeks. Blood chemistry, total and phosphorylated protein levels of AMPK and ACC, sterol regulatory element- binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA and protein levels, and macrophage infiltration in the livers were examined. Results: Plasma glucose and triacylglycerol levels, which were increased in the untreated diabetic rats, were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats. AMPK and ACC phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats compared with those in the untreated rats. There was no difference in the hepatic expression of SREBP-1c between the diabetic rat groups. Macrophage infiltration in the liver was suppressed by 250 mg/kg of SEtreatment. Conclusion: These data suggest that SE treatment may affect plasma lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation by upregulating phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in diabetic rat livers.

Expression of growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, and somatostatin genes is unperturbed in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Gwu Lee ◽  
R. Curtis Bird ◽  
Elizabeth H. Oliver ◽  
James L. Sartin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Growth Hormone Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insulin Withdrawal

The effects of streptozotocin diabetes on the level of growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, and somatostatin mRNA was measured in control rats, in diabetic rats maintained on insulin, and in diabetic rats in which insulin had been withheld for 3 days. Total cytoplasmic RNA samples were prepared from the pituitary and hypothalamic tissues of each animal and analyzed by dot blot or Northern blot hybridization. No significant difference was observed between control and insulin-treated groups with regard to body weight or plasma glucose concentration. The insulin withdrawal group had significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations and lower body weights, confirming diabetic status. There was no significant difference in the level of growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, and somatostatin mRNA among any of the three groups however. We conclude that alterations in the regulation of circulating growth hormone in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, removed from insulin treatment for 3 days, did not occur at the transcriptional or RNA processing level. This conclusion extends to hypothalamic growth hormone releasing hormone, and somatostatin gene expression as well. Regulatory changes in growth hormone level previously noted during insulin withdrawal in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat could be the result of post-transcriptional processes operating at the level of hormone synthesis or release.Key words: growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, somatostatin, insulin, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, mRNA.

scholarly journals Effects of Brown Seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) Extracts on Kidney, Liver, and Pancreas of Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Motshakeri ◽  
Mahdi Ebrahimi ◽  
Yong Meng Goh ◽  
Hemn Hassan Othman ◽  
Mohd Hair-Bejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Sargassum Polycystum ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The edible seaweedSargassum polycystum(SP) is traditionally used against several human diseases. This investigation evaluated the effects of two dietary doses of SP ethanolic and aqueous extracts on the pancreatic, hepatic, and renal morphology of type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM). T2DM was induced by feeding rats on high calorie diet followed by a low dose streptozotocin. Changes in the diabetic rat organs in SP treated groups with different doses of extracts were compared with normal rats, diabetic control rats, and metformin treated rats. After 22 days of treatment, the pathological lesions of the livers and kidneys in the diabetic rats were quantitatively and qualitatively alleviated (P<0.05) by both the SP extracts at 150 mg/kg body weight and by metformin. All the treated diabetic groups revealed marked improvement in the histopathology of the pancreas compared with the control diabetic group. Oral administration of 300 mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of SP and metformin revealed pancreas protective or restorative effects. The seaweed extracts at 150 mg/kg body weight reduced the liver and kidney damages in the diabetic rats and may exert tissue repair or restoration of the pancreatic islets in experimentally induced diabetes to produce the beneficial homeostatic effects.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Caralluma tuberculata and its safety on liver and kidneys of diabetic rats / Diyabetik sıçanların karaciğer ve böbrekleri üzerinde Caralluma tuberculata’nın hipoglisemik ve hipolipidemik etkisi ve güvenliği

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Poodineh ◽  
Alireza Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: Caralluma tuberculata is a succulent plant that grows in some regions of Baluchestan province in Iran, and is widely used by natives as antidiabetic agent. This study evaluates the antidiabetic effects of aerial part suspension of Caralluma tuberculata (SCT) at two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and its safety on liver and kidneys of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was rendered via single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg, injected intraperitoneally). Forty eight rats were classified into 6 groups as follow; (I): Normal control, (II): Normal + SCT (200 mg/kg), (III): STZ Diabetic, (IV): STZ + vehicle, (V): STZ + SCT (100 mg/kg), (VI) STZ + SCT (200 mg/kg). The effects of 45 days of treatment with the SCT on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profile, hematological and biochemical parameters evaluated.Results: SCT treated groups exhibited a significant (p<0.05) improvement in abnormalities of OGTT, biochemical and hematological parameters compared with the diabetic control group. Furthermore, SCT at both doses, returned significantly (p<0.01) diabetes-induced changes in lipid profile except HDL-C levels that only, were significantly (p<0.05) increased at dose of 200 mg/kg. There was no significant difference in hematological, liver and kidney parameters between normal control and normal animals receiving SCT.Conclusion: The present results revealed that Caralluma tuberculata could be beneficial for amending hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hematological changes induced by diabetes. It may also protect the liver and kidneys against complications caused by diabetes without any toxic effects.

scholarly journals ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA FRUIT EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Anita Kotwani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Hyperglycemic Effect

Objective: To explore the anti-hyperglycemic effect of fruit extract of Terminalia catappa (Indian almond), a potential medicine from plant origin in a diabetic rat model.Methods: Streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rat model was utilized in the study. Three doses of test drug, hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of Terminalia catappa in 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg and a standard anti-diabetic drug, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used. The study had a total of nine groups with eight animals in each group. Drugs were given orally every day for 12 w. Blood glucose, body weight and urine volume were measured weekly, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated at 12th week in all groups. Data for all parameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA repeated measures followed by Mann-Whitney test.Results: Hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of T. catappa significantly decreased blood glucose, urine volume and increased body weight in a dose-dependent manner in diabetic rats. At 12th week, blood glucose level in control, diabetic control, glibenclamide, T. catappa (40 mg/kg) group was 96.25±2.05 mg/dl, 599.75±0.25 mg/dl, 248.25±11.45 mg/dl, 115.00±3.78 mg/dl respectively. Effect of T. catappa in 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg dose was significantly more than glibenclamide. At 12th week, HbA1c level in control, diabetic control, glibenclamide, T. catappa (40 mg/kg) was 2.94±0.33 mmol/l, 4.94±0.49 mmol/l, 3.61±0.28 mmol/l, 3.21±0.27 mmol/l. Treatment with T. catappa 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and glibenclamide brought back the level of HbA1c to normal levels. The addition of glibenclamide to T. catappa (40 mg/kg) did not produce any additional effect on blood glucose and HbA1c levels compared to the effect of T. catappa (40 mg/kg) in diabetic rats.Conclusion: Terminalia catappa fruit extract exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats and has a great potential to be used in diabetes.

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