scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS ANDROMEDA POLYFOLIA AND ALCHEMILLA SUBCRENATA

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Максим (Maksim) Аркадьевич (Arkad'yevich) Живетьев (Zhivetyev) ◽  
Виктор (Viktor) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Быбин (Bybin) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Кочерыгина (Kocherygina) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Семенова (Semenova) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Егоровна (Egorovna) Путилина (Putilina) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Plants accumulate in their tissues powerful arsenal of protective substances necessary for survival in the face of abiotic environmental and in aggressive neighborhood with pathogenic bacteria and viruses. We examined the following kinds of medicinal plants: Alchemilla subcrenata and Polyfolia andromeda. Conducted chemical analyses of water and 40 and 70% alcohol extracts of these plants. The content of flavonoids was significantly greater in all ways of extraction of Alchemilla subcrenata compared to Andromeda polyfolia. To the extent the release of phenolic compounds and water-soluble sugars affected the presence of alcohol. From Andromeda polyfolia greater variety of phenolic compounds left in the water and 40% alcohol, and from Alchemilla subcrenata in 40% and 70% ethanol. Extracts compared on the effects on survival and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Found that extracts of plants studied have varying degrees of antimicrobial action. Alcohol extracts of Andromeda polyfolia suppressed the formation of biofilms of P. carotovorum and E. coli. All extracts of Alchemilla subcrenata stimulated bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The most effective proved to be 70% alcoholic extract of Alchemilla subcrenata.

scholarly journals Survey of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Erwinia amylovora Reveals Insights into Diversity and Functional Specificity

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Teja Shidore ◽  
Quan Zeng ◽  
Lindsay Triplett
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Plasmid Stability ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
E Coli

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are diverse genetic modules with demonstrated roles in plasmid stability, stress management, biofilm formation and antibiotic persistence. However, relatively little is known about their functional significance in plant pathogens. In this study we characterize type II and IV TA systems in the economically important plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and BLAST-based programs were used to predict the identity and distribution of putative TA systems among sequenced genomes of E. amylovora and other plant-associated Erwinia spp. Of six conserved TA systems tested for function from E. amylovora, three (CbtA/CbeA, ParE/RHH and Doc/PhD) were validated as functional. CbtA was toxic to E. amylovora, but not to Escherichia coli. While the E. coli homolog of CbtA elicits the formation of lemon-shaped cells upon overexpression and targets cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ and MreB, E. amylovora CbtA led to cell elongation and did not interact with these cytoskeletal proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. amylovora CbtA belongs to a distinct clade from the CbtA of pathogenic E. coli. This study expands the repertoire of experimentally validated TA systems in plant pathogenic bacteria, and suggests that the E. amylovora homolog of CbtA is functionally distinct from that of E. coli.

scholarly journals Apple Flavonoid Phloretin Inhibits Escherichia coli O157:H7 Biofilm Formation and Ameliorates Colon Inflammation in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 4819-4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hyung Lee ◽  
Sushil Chandra Regmi ◽  
Jung-Ae Kim ◽  
Moo Hwan Cho ◽  
Hyungdon Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colon Inflammation ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTPathogenic biofilms have been associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents, while commensal biofilms often fortify the host's immune system. Hence, controlling biofilm formation of both pathogenic bacteria and commensal bacteria is important in bacterium-related diseases. We investigated the effect of plant flavonoids on biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7. The antioxidant phloretin, which is abundant in apples, markedly reducedE. coliO157:H7 biofilm formation without affecting the growth of planktonic cells, while phloretin did not harm commensalE. coliK-12 biofilms. Also, phloretin reducedE. coliO157:H7 attachment to human colon epithelial cells. Global transcriptome analyses revealed that phloretin repressed toxin genes (hlyEandstx2), autoinducer-2 importer genes (lsrACDBF), curli genes (csgAandcsgB), and dozens of prophage genes inE. coliO157:H7 biofilm cells. Electron microscopy confirmed that phloretin reduced fimbria production inE. coliO157:H7. Also, phloretin suppressed the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced inflammatory responsein vitrousing human colonic epithelial cells. Moreover, in the rat model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), phloretin significantly ameliorated colon inflammation and body weight loss. Taken together, our results suggest that the antioxidant phloretin also acts as an inhibitor ofE. coliO157:H7 biofilm formation as well as an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel diseases without harming beneficial commensalE. colibiofilms.

scholarly journals Analysis of Biofilm Formation on the Surface of Organic Mung Bean Seeds, Sprouts and in the Germination Environment

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Marcin Kruk ◽  
Monika Trząskowska
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to analyse the impact of sanitation methods on the formation of bacterial biofilms after disinfection and during the germination process of mung bean on seeds and in the germination environment. Moreover, the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the growth of the tested pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Three strains of Salmonella and E. coli were used for the study. The colony forming units (CFU), the crystal violet (CV), the LIVE/DEAD and the gram fluorescent staining, the light and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were used. The tested microorganisms survive in a small number. During germination after disinfection D2 (20 min H2O at 60 °C, then 15 min in a disinfecting mixture consisting of H2O, H2O2 and CH₃COOH), the biofilms grew most after day 2, but with the DP2 method (D2 + L. plantarum 299v during germination) after the fourth day. Depending on the method used, the second or fourth day could be a time for the introduction of an additional growth-limiting factor. Moreover, despite the use of seed disinfection, their germination environment could be favourable for the development of bacteria and, consequently, the formation of biofilms. The appropriate combination of seed disinfection methods and growth inhibition methods at the germination stage will lead to the complete elimination of the development of unwanted microflora and their biofilms.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Whole Plant of Pavonia odorata Willd.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Neethu Krishnan .S. ◽  
Meera Bhaskaran ◽  
Mohammed Shihab K K
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Plant Drugs ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

Pavonia odorata Willd. belonging to the family Malvaceae is well known for curing a variety of diseases. This study deals with the Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of whole plant of Pavonia odorata Willd. The plant is widely used as a cooling, diaphoretic, diuretic, and demulcent. It is also prescribed as an astringent and tonic for fever, inflammation and hemorrhage. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation of the whole plant. The transverse section of root, stem and leaves were performed. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (4.45%), acid insoluble ash (0.754%), water soluble ash (6%), sulphated ash (6. 5%), nitrated ash (1.65%), hot extraction(10.22%), water soluble extractive (9.2%), ethanol soluble extractive (4.8%), ether soluble extractive (1.2%), loss on drying (25%), swelling index(1) and mucilage content(0.25%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, mucilage and flavonoids. The study helps in the development of standard parameters of the plant which help the identification and authentication of the plant. Keywords: Pavonia odorata Willd., Pharmacognostical, phytochemical evaluation, Medicinal plant drugs, ethnomedicine.

Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R Forst & G. Forst) Asal Kalimantan Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
Norijatil Hasanah ◽  
Arnida Arnida ◽  
Agung Sriyono
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Matoa (Pometia pinnata) merupakan salah satu  tumbuhan yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik di Kalimatan dan diketahui mengandung metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan standardisasi berdasarkan parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik dari simplisia dan ekstrak. Pengambilan sampel daun P. pinnata dilakukan pada tiga tempat tumbuh yaitu Desa Pemuda, Kebun Raya Banua, dan Tahura Sultan Adam. Metode standardisasi yang digunakan mengacu pada Farmakope Herbal Indonesia dan Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak. Pengamatan organoleptik simplisia yaitu berwarna hijau muda, rasa pahit, berbau khas. Pengamatan mikroskopik menunjukkan adanya dinding sel, floem, xilem, stomata, dan inti sel. Kadar sari larut etanol (19,07-19,27)%; kadar sari larut air (20,93-21,17)%; susut pengeringan (6,17-6,23)%; kadar abu total (4,63-4,73)%; kadar Pb (0,014-0,022) ppm; kadar Cd (0,014-0,015)ppm; dan kadar Hg <0,00004ppm. Pemerian ekstrak yaitu berwarna hijau kehitaman, berbau khas, rasa pahit. Ekstrak etanol daun P. pinnata mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, tanin, glikosida, saponin, antrakuinon yang ditegaskan pada profil KLT menunjukkan kesamaan kandungan senyawa kimia pada tiap tempat tumbuh. Rendemen yang didapat (11,19-14,68)%; kadar air (5,57-5,97)%; kadar abu total (1,19-1,24)%; dan kadar abu tidak larut asam (0,41-0,44)%. Hasil uji parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik simplisia dan ekstrak daun P. pinnata dari tiga tempat tumbuh telah memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh MMI dan BPOM RI. Kata Kunci :  Standardisasi; Matoa; Pometia pinnata, Simplisia; Ekstrak   Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is one of the plants that can grow well in Kalimantan and known to contain efficacious secondary metabolites. This study is aimed to determine the value of specific parameters and nonspecific parameters of simplicia and extract. The leaves of P. pinnata was carried out in three growing places, which are the Pemuda Village, Banua Botanical Garden, and Tahura Sultan Adam. The method of determining the standardization parameters refers to Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the General Standard Parameters of Medicinal Plant Extracts. The result from organoleptic observations of simplicia showed that P. pinnata had a light green color, a bitter taste, and a distinctive smell. Microscopic observations showed phloem, xylem, stomata, cell nuclei, cell walls. The content of ethanol soluble extract was 19.07%-19.27%, water soluble extract content was 20.93%-21.17%, drying losses was 6.17%-6.23%, total ash content was 4.63%-4.73%, Pb levels was 0.014-0.022ppm, Cd levels was 0.014-0.015ppm, and Hg levels was <0.00004 ppm. The description of extracts was that P. pinnata had a blackish green color, a bitter taste, and a distinctive smell. Ethanol extracts of P. pinnata leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones which were confirmed in the TLC profile  showing the similarity of chemical compounds in each growing place. The yield extract was 11.19%-14.68%, water content was 5.57%-5.97%, total ash content was 1.19%-1.24%, and acid insoluble ash content was 0.41%-0.44%. The results of specific and nonspecific parameters of simplicia and P. pinnata leaf extract from three growing sites have met the requirements set by MMI and BPOM RI.

scholarly journals Identification and detection of pathogenic bacteria from patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in southwestern Iran; evaluation of biofilm production and molecular typing of bacterial isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Mazloomirad ◽  
Sajad Hasanzadeh ◽  
Asghar Sharifi ◽  
Gordafarin Nikbakht ◽  
Narges Roustaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, their biofilm formation, and molecular typing from patients with HAP in southwestern Iran. Methods Fifty-eight patients with HAP participated in this cross-sectional study. Sputum and endotracheal aspirate were collected from each patient for isolation and detection of bacteria. Biofilm formation was evaluated using Congo red agar or Microtiter plate assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were investigated. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) technique was used to determine the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. All S. aureus isolates were typed using the agr typing method. A repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing method was used for typing of Gram-negative bacteria. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15 and the chi-square test. Results Bacteria were isolated in 52 (89.7%) of patients. Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) was the most prevalent organism (37%), followed by S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Using the PCR method, 56 bacteria were detected. A. baumannii was the most prevalent (35.7%) organism. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were biofilm-producing. All Gram-negative isolates were colistin-sensitive, and most of the A. baumannii isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MRSA was identified in 12 (80%) S. aureus isolates, and 91.6% of MRSA were SCCmec type III. The agr type III was the most predominant. The rep-PCR analysis showed seven different patterns in 20 A. baumannii, six patterns in 13 P. aeruginosa, and four patterns in 6 E. coli. Conclusion A. baumannii was more prevalent than S. aureus in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), while S. aureus is a major pathogen in non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP), possibly due to the tendency of the former to aquatic environments. Based on the rep-PCR typing method, it was concluded that bacteria were transmitted from patients or healthcare workers among different wards. Colistin can be used as a treatment in Gram-negative MDR isolates.

scholarly journals Effect of Wine Wastes Extracts on the Viability and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina María Viola ◽  
Romina Torres-Carro ◽  
Elena Cartagena ◽  
María Inés Isla ◽  
María Rosa Alberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

In this work, we intended to inhibit the biofilm synthesis and the metabolism of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using two highly available wastes (stem and marc) obtained after the manufacturing of Torrontes wine at Cafayate, Argentina. Wine wastes contain a significant amount of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, which makes them a potential source of compounds with beneficial properties to human health, as they could inhibit the virulence of pathogenic bacteria or protect the tissue against oxidative stress. Marc and stem extracts of Torrontes wine were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the metabolism and biofilm production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of these extracts were also determined. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, which contained the highest amount of total polyphenolic, exhibited the highest scavenging capacity of ABTS and nitric oxide and the strongest Fe3+ reducing power and exhibited the highest level of inhibition of the biofilm formation and of the metabolic activity in bacterial biofilm. We also noticed a positive correlation between phenolic compounds content, the antioxidant activity, and the anti-biofilm capacity of the winemaking wastes. These results display the potentiality of wine wastes to prevent or reduce the formation of biofilm. Moreover, their abundance makes them an attractive and affordable source of antibiofilm and antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals Study of Inhibitory agent produced by Streptococcus thermophilus on growth and Biofilm formation for some pathogenic bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Jehan A.S. Salman ◽  
Khawlah J. Khalaf ◽  
Mohammed F. Al-Marjani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Lipophilic Fraction

Inhibitory activity of Streptococcus thermophilus unconcentrated and concentrated filtrate was studied against some pathogenic bacteria included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureu, Escherichia coli. Inhibitory activity of protein that extracted from S. thermophilus concentrated filtrate was studied after precipitate by ammonium sulphate and inhibitory activity of lipophilic fraction that extracted from concentrated filtrate with chloroform-methanol (1:1 vol/ vol) was studied against pathogenic bacteria. Also inhibitory activity of biosurfactant produced by S. thermophilus was studied against growth and biofilm formation for pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that unconcentrated and concentrated filtrate had inhibitory activity against all pathogenic bacteria. Also protein and lipophilic fraction had inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria, while the biosurfactant show inhibitory activity against growth of all pathogenic bacteria but show inhibitory effect on biofilm formation only for pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.

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