scholarly journals India as “The Oral Cancer Capital of the World”: The Rising Burden of Oral Malignancies across the Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Hindol Das ◽  
Shilpa Motghare
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Malignancies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Day By Day

India is a global epicenter of oral cancer patients and the magnitude of the problem is ever increasing day by day. There is excess burden of oral malignancies all over the country and the risk factors associated with the disease are at its peak. Addressing the disease which is quite like an epidemic is a great challenge and major public health issue in India. This review paper discusses the burden of the disease, its top risk factors in India including the use of tobacco, alcohol, areca nut and HPV infections; and methods for prevention and control of oral cancer in India. Keywords: Oral cancer, Burden, Risk factors, Tobacco, Alcohol, Areca nut, HPV, Prevention.

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD IN ORAL CANCER

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. RAUTRAY ◽  
V. VIJAYAN ◽  
P. K. HOTA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Carcinogenic Agents ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Malignancies

Fluctuations of the concentration levels of trace elements play an egregious role in enhancing carcinogenic effect in healthy persons and in the pathogenesis of oral malignancies. Epidemiological studies regarding the role of external carcinogenic agents in oral cancer have documented the involvement of certain trace elements either directly or indirectly. An analysis of trace elements like K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se And Pb was done in seventeen oral cancer patients having tobacco habits by drawing their whole blood and determining their concentrations using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopic technique at Institute of Physics. Bhubaneswar, India which is rapid, efficient, multi-elemental and non-destructive in nature and in principle sensitive to all elements from Na to U. Fifteen healthy non-cancerous persons with tobacco habits were also taken as control. The results of the study group when compared with the control group illustrated that K, Cu and Se concentrations were significantly higher in the oral cancer patients as an effect of deleterious tobacco upon their blood whereas the rest of the elements like Ca, Zn, Fe and Pb did not reveal significant changes.

Correlation of Arsenic Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Products and Biological Samples of Oral Cancer Patients and Control Consumers

2015 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf S. Arain ◽  
Tasneem G. Kazi ◽  
Hassan I. Afridi ◽  
Farah N. Talpur ◽  
Atif G. Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Oral cancer in Brazil: a secular history of Public Health Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Saquete MARTINS FILHO ◽  
Thiago de Santana SANTOS ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira da SILVA ◽  
Marta Rabello PIVA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The oral cancer in Brazil is considered an important public health issue. Despite almost a century of combat disease, with oncological assistance programs and prevention campaigns based public policies, the incidence of oral cancer in several regions is still high. The major goal of cancer prevention and control is a reduction in both the incidence of the disease and the associated morbidity and mortality, as well as improved life for cancer patients and their families. Low-income and disadvantage groups are generally more exposed to avoidable risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. These groups have less access to the health services and education that would empower them to make decisions to protect and improve their own health. Thus, cancer control programs are the most effective instrument to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice and achieve this goal. The authors report some key historical facts concerning the fight against oral cancer in Brazil, in addition to addressing the epidemiological aspects of disease.

scholarly journals The prospective evaluation and risk factors of dysphagia after surgery in patients with oral cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Hasegawa ◽  
Nanae Yatagai ◽  
Tatsuya Furukawa ◽  
Emi Wakui ◽  
Izumi Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Abstract Background This prospective study investigated the change of swallowing ability using the Swallowing Ability Scale System (SASS) and swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) by Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer patients (PSS-H&N). This study also investigated the risk factors for postoperative dysphagia in patients who received reconstructive surgery for oral cancer. Subjects and Methods This study included 64 patients (33 men and 31 women) who underwent radical surgery with neck dissection and reconstructive surgery for oral cancers between July 2014 and February 2018. We evaluated risk factors for poor swallowing ability after treatment, including demographic factors, preoperative factors and perioperative factors, with univariate and multivariate analyses. The change of swallowing ability by the SASS and swallowing-related QOL by PSS-H&N were evaluated prospectively prior to the initiation of surgery within 1 week and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Results Advanced T stage (T3, 4) (odds ratio (OR) = 79.71), bilateral neck dissection (OR = 20.66) and the resection of unilateral or bilateral suprahyoid muscles (OR = 17.00) were associated with poor swallowing ability after treatment. The scores for time for food intake and Eating in Public were associated with decrease of QOL in the poor group. Conclusions We propose that clinicians consider the risk factors identified in this study and pay close attention to the management of oral cancer patients with reconstructive surgery. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Differences in the bacteriome of swab, saliva, and tissue biopsies in oral cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Gopinath ◽  
Rohit Kunnath Menon ◽  
Chong Chun Wie ◽  
Moinak Banerjee ◽  
Swagatika Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
And Control

AbstractMicrobial dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. We analyzed the compositional and metabolic profile of the bacteriome in three specific niches in oral cancer patients along with controls using 16SrRNA sequencing (Illumina Miseq) and DADA2 software. We found major differences between patients and control subjects. Bacterial communities associated with the tumor surface and deep paired tumor tissue differed significantly. Tumor surfaces carried elevated abundances of taxa belonging to genera Porphyromonas, Enterobacteriae, Neisseria, Streptococcus and Fusobacteria, whereas Prevotella, Treponema, Sphingomonas, Meiothermus and Mycoplasma genera were significantly more abundant in deep tissue. The most abundant microbial metabolic pathways were those related to fatty-acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and amino-acid metabolism on the tumor surface: carbohydrate metabolism and organic polymer degradation were elevated in tumor tissues. The bacteriome of saliva from patients with oral cancer differed significantly from paired tumor tissue in terms of community structure, however remained similar at taxonomic and metabolic levels except for elevated abundances of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, and acetoin-biosynthesis, respectively. These shifts to a pro-inflammatory profile are consistent with other studies suggesting oncogenic properties. Importantly, selection of the principal source of microbial DNA is key to ensure reliable, reproducible and comparable results in microbiome studies.

scholarly journals Immunochromatographic Technique for Seropositivity and PCR Based Molecular Diagnosis for Hepatis B and C Virus in a General Population of Mansehra Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Day By Day

Hepatitis B and C infections are known to be the major public health issue around the world. Our focus is to investigate the predominance of HBV and HCV infections in the general population of district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Blood samples were taken from 652 individuals and were shifted to Alkhedmat laboratory Mansehra and Department of Microbiology Hazara University Mansehra. Serum were isolated from blood samples and screen it by ICT device Kit (Accurate Diagnostics, Houston, Texas, USA). The ICT positive samples were then refined by PCR method. Total 652 individuals [males (368), females (284)] were screened for HBV and HCV infections in which total 37 (5.67%) [males (6.52%) and females (4.57%)] were found positive for HBsAg and 42 (6.44%) [males (7.33%) and females (5.28%)] were found positive for Anti HCV respectively. The ratio of these viral infections is more predominant as compare to other viral infections in Mansehra, Pakistan. The rate of HBV and HCV prevalence is increasing day by day in these areas. Communities with more than 5% HBV and HCV disease, mass vaccination and awareness programs should be undertaken as a matter of urgency.

scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors associated with hypertension in Lebanese adults: A cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Bakr Mouhtadi ◽  
Reem Mohamad Najib Kanaan ◽  
Mohammad Iskandarani ◽  
Mohamad Khaled Rahal ◽  
Dalal Hammoud Halat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Background: The prevention and control of hypertension is an essential component for reducing cardiovascular disease burden. Hypertension is an important public health issue, yet few studies have examined its current status among the Lebanese population. Objective: To examine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its associated risk factors among Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2014, and May 2015, on adults from the five districts of Lebanon. Multistage sampling was used to enroll participants. Hypertension was defined as an average of two blood pressure (BP) measurements with systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg, using an automated digital device, or the use of antihypertensive medication. A questionnaire was used to assess hypertension risk factors, awareness, treatment and control. Results: Of the 1362 Lebanese adults interviewed, 399 (29.3%) had hypertension. Of these, 106 (26.5%) were aware of their condition. Sixty-nine patients (65%) of those aware, were receiving treatment, and 38 (55%) participants from those treated were controlled. The significant risk factors were sex, gender, age, family history of hypertension, obesity, and a low level of education. Conclusions: Hypertension is prevalent among the Lebanese adult population and is multifactorial, but remains incompletely recognized, leading to insufficient control. Hypertension was highly prevalent in males in the age category 18-29 years. These findings show that improvements in detection, treatment, and control of hypertension among Lebanese adults, is much needed. 

scholarly journals Retrospective study on risk factors for postoperative delirium in oral cancer patients − Clinical utility of E-PASS −

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Kanako TSUBOI ◽  
Akira SATOH ◽  
Takeshi KUROSHIMA ◽  
Kenji IMAMACHI ◽  
Kazuhito YOSHIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Light therapy with boxes or glasses to counteract effects of acute sleep deprivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Comtet ◽  
Pierre A. Geoffroy ◽  
Mio Kobayashi Frisk ◽  
Jeffrey Hubbard ◽  
Ludivine Robin-Choteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
And Control ◽  
Subsequent Risk

AbstractSleep deprivation, in the context of shift work, is an increasing major public health issue. We aimed to determine whether early light administration can counteract sleep deprivation effects, and to compare LED-glasses with a traditional light therapy box. This cross-over design study included 18 individuals exposed to light therapy for 30 minutes at 5 am after one night of complete sleep deprivation, to mimic the night shift condition. Individuals were randomly exposed to 10,000 Lux light box, 2,000 Lux LED blue-enriched glasses, and control (ambient dim-light at 8 lux). Alertness, cognition and mood were assessed throughout the night and following morning. Five women and 13 men (mean 24.78 year old) presented with a progressive and increasing alteration of alertness, cognition, and mood during each sleep deprivation. A rebound was observed at 8 am resulting from the circadian drive overriding cumulative sleep homeostatic effects. Morning light significantly improved sleepiness and sustained attention from 5 to 7 am. These effects were comparable between devices and significantly different from control. Both devices were overall well and similarly tolerated. Early morning light therapy in the condition of sleep loss may have broad practical applications to improve sleepiness, sustained attention and subsequent risk of accidents.

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