Natural Antioxidants in Hevea Latex

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. A. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Action ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Abstract An elaborate investigation on the identity and usefulness of the antioxidants naturally occurring in Hevea latex is of value because there is an increasing demand for special types of rubber with low nitrogen and ash contents, less water absorption, better electrical properties, and less odor than common crepe, and because these rubbers are generally unstable in comparison with the usual grades of rubber crepe and sheet. for the purpose of the investigation, fresh latex was separated into main-fractions, the most important of which have been called water-solubles and ether-solubles. These were further separated into various subfractions, which, one by one, have been tested for their antioxidant activity on raw rubber. In the following table only those fractions which show an outstanding antioxidant action are recorded. It is shown further that the amino acids are most remarkable in their antioxidant action : minute quantities exert a strong retarding action on the oxidation of raw rubber. Choline and cephaline are most probably the active components of the second water layer. The active ether-soluble fractions could not be identified due to the small quantities separated.

scholarly journals Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chrząszcz ◽  
Barbara Krzemińska ◽  
Rafał Celiński ◽  
Katarzyna Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phenolic Composition

The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.

scholarly journals Nanostructure, Self-Assembly, Mechanical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of a Lupin-Derived Peptide Hydrogel

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pugliese ◽  
Anna Arnoldi ◽  
Carmen Lammi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Research ◽  
Peptide Hydrogel

Naturally occurring food peptides are frequently used in the life sciences due to their beneficial effects through their impact on specific biochemical pathways. Furthermore, they are often leveraged for applications in areas as diverse as bioengineering, medicine, agriculture, and even fashion. However, progress toward understanding their self-assembling properties as functional materials are often hindered by their long aromatic and charged residue-enriched sequences encrypted in the parent protein sequence. In this study, we elucidate the nanostructure and the hierarchical self-assembly propensity of a lupin-derived peptide which belongs to the α-conglutin (11S globulin, legumin-like protein), with a straightforward N-terminal biotinylated oligoglycine tag-based methodology for controlling the nanostructures, biomechanics, and biological features. Extensive characterization was performed via Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), rheological measurements, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses. By using the biotin tag, we obtained a thixotropic lupin-derived peptide hydrogel (named BT13) with tunable mechanical properties (from 2 to 11 kPa), without impairing its spontaneous formation of β-sheet secondary structures. Lastly, we demonstrated that this hydrogel has antioxidant activity. Altogether, our findings address multiple challenges associated with the development of naturally occurring food peptide-based hydrogels, offering a new tool to both fine tune the mechanical properties and tailor the antioxidant activities, providing new research directions across food chemistry, biochemistry, and bioengineering.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterisation of Wastes Generated from the Rapeseed and Sunflower Protein Isolation Process and Their Valorisation in Delaying Oil Oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miluska Cisneros-Yupanqui ◽  
Vesela I. Chalova ◽  
Hristo R. Kalaydzhiev ◽  
Dasha Mihaylova ◽  
Albert I. Krastanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Protein Isolation ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Sunflower Protein ◽  
Main Representative

AbstractSince rapeseed and sunflower meals are two of the most representative oilseed crops in the world, this study was focused on ethanol-wash solutes (EWS) obtained as wastes from the protein isolation process of rapeseed and sunflower meals. These meals have been previously valorised; however, the use of the EWS is unexplored. The present study is aimed at the characterisation of their phenolic profile, and antioxidant capacity for preventing lipid oxidation in rapeseed, sunflower, and soybean oil, which has been used as a reference oil. The sunflower EWS exhibited more total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (119.39 ± 1.13 mg GA/g and 193.97 ± 9.77 mg TE/g, respectively) than the rapeseed one (103.44 ± 5.94 mg GA/g and 89.51 ± 3.17 mg TE/g). The phenolic identification showed hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acid in the rapeseed EWS, and pyrogallol and caffeic acid in the sunflower EWS, as the main representative phenols. Both EWS at 15% increased significantly (p < 0.05) the oxidative stability of the oils in the Rancimat equipment with values of antioxidant activity index (AAI) from 1.01 to 1.20, depending on the type of oil employed. In conclusion, the rapeseed and sunflower EWS showed great potential, and they could be used as a source of natural antioxidants within the food industry, replacing the synthetic ones, and promoting the circular economy since they are agro-food wastes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiallergic Active Components Extracted From the Edible Insect Oxya yezoensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110233
Author(s):  
Masahiro Saiki ◽  
Naomichi Takemoto ◽  
Maki Nagata ◽  
Masako Matsumoto ◽  
Yhiya Amen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

In recent years, entomophagy has attracted increased attention, as it was recommended as a potential source of food by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In Japan, Oxya yezoensisis one of the most widely eaten insect species, but studies of its functionality as a food are limited. In this study, we reported the optimal characterization of the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (OME) and different fractions of OME. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiallergic activities of the OME fractions were evaluated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of OME has potential antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane-soluble fraction showed the strongest inhibition of β-hexosaminidase, which is one of the key factors in allergic reactions. It was concluded that phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activity while unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the antiallergy activity.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Extracts Obtained from Unripe Grapes and Evaluation of Their Potential Protective Effects against Oxidation of Wine Colour in Comparison with Different Oenological Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Giovanna Fia ◽  
Ginevra Bucalossi ◽  
Bruno Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Accelerated Oxidation ◽  
Wine Colour

Unripe grapes (UGs) are a waste product of vine cultivation rich in natural antioxidants. These antioxidants could be used in winemaking as alternatives to SO2. Three extracts were obtained by maceration from Viognier, Merlot and Sangiovese UGs. The composition and antioxidant activity of the UG extracts were studied in model solutions at different pH levels. The capacity of the UG extracts to protect wine colour was evaluated in accelerated oxidation tests and small-scale trials on both red and white wines during ageing in comparison with sulphur dioxide, ascorbic acid and commercial tannins. The Viognier and Merlot extracts were rich in phenolic acids while the Sangiovese extract was rich in flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts and commercial tannins was influenced by the pH. In the oxidation tests, the extracts and commercial products showed different wine colour protection capacities in function of the type of wine. During ageing, the white wine with the added Viognier UG extract showed the lowest level of colour oxidation. The colour of the red wine with the UG extract evolved similarly to wine with SO2 and commercial tannins. The obtained results indicated that natural and healthy UG extracts could be an interesting substitute for SO2 during wine ageing.

scholarly journals Increase in the antioxidant content in biscuits by infusions or Prosopis chilensis pod flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Paula Andrea Conforti ◽  
Mariela Patrignani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fracture Stress ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Prosopis Chilensis ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract Nowadays there is an increasing demand for healthy biscuits. The reduction in sugar and fat level, as well as the addition of bioactive compounds, is positively associated with a healthy diet. In the present work, low-fat and low-sugar biscuits were prepared with infusions (mate, coffee, and tea) or with Prosopis chilensis pod flour (PPF). Biscuits were made with maize starch and wheat flour (gluten formulations) or with gluten-free ingredients (gluten-free). The colour, texture, and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated in dough and biscuits. Among the formulations prepared with infusions, the mate dough showed the lowest firmness (1.1 N (gluten)-24.3 N (gluten-free)). However, no significant differences were found in the fracture stress of the final products (P > 0.05). Mate gluten biscuits and PPF gluten-free biscuits showed the highest fracture strain (16.2 and 9.4%, respectively) and the lowest Young’s modulus (7.3 and 13.3 MPa, respectively) in their groups. The highest antioxidant activity was found in biscuits with mate (8.7 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten)-4.3 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten-free)). These values were three times higher than the ones found in the control biscuits (2.9 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten)-3.9 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten-free)). The present results showed that the antioxidant content in biscuits could be successfully increased with infusion addition.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF NATURAL EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES, ROOT, STEM AND FLOWERS OF BACCHARIS LATIFOLIA FROM ECUADOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
FAVIAN BAYAS-MOREJON ◽  
ANGELICA TIGRE ◽  
RIVELINO RAMON ◽  
DANILO YANEZ
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The increase in chronic and degenerative diseases and the use of synthetic antioxidants such as (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) are being restricted because they can be considered carcinogenic. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the search for natural antioxidants, especially from plants, due to their content in different bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials. To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Baccharislatifolia extracts. Methods: For the determination of the antimicrobial activity of extracts of leaves, root, stem and flowers of Baccharislatifolia (Bl), the disk plate diffusion method was used, the strains of Listeria, Salmonella and E. coli were studied; antibiotics Penicillin G and Ciprofloxacin were the controls. For the antioxidant activity, a solution of H2O2 (Abs at 230 nm) was prepared in Potassium Phosphate Monobasic-Sodium Hydroxide buffer. Results: The antimicrobial activity against Listeria and Salmonella, showed that the extracts of leaves and flowers were more effective with inhibition zones>15 mm and>20 mm respectively. In front of E. coli, the extracts of flowers and stem were the best with zones>7.0 mm. Antibiotics studied inhibited the development of Listeria and Salmonella. However, E. coli isolates were resistant. In the antioxidant activity, the flower extract of Bl in 60 mg/ml presents a higher effect with 47.25%. Conclusion: Bl extracts from leaves and flowers were more efficient both in their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Regulation of rat magnocellular neurosecretory system by D-aspartate: evidence for biological role(s) of a naturally occurring free D-amino acid in mammals

2000 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wang ◽  
H Wolosker ◽  
J Pevsner ◽  
SH Snyder ◽  
DJ Selkoe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Little evidence is available for the physiological function of D-amino acids in species other than bacteria. Here we demonstrate that naturally occurring freed -aspartate (D-Asp) is present in all magnocellular neurons of rat hypothalamus. The levels of this naturally occurring D-amino acid were elevated during lactation and returned to normal thereafter in the magnocellular neurosecretory system, which produces oxytocin, a hormone responsible for milk ejection during lactation. Intraperitoneal injections of D-Asp reproducibly increased oxytocin gene expression and decreased the concentration of circulating oxytocin in vivo. Similar changes were observed in the vasopressin system. These results provide evidence for the role(s) of naturally occurring free D-Asp in mammalian physiology. The findings argue against the conventional concept that only L-stereoisomers of amino acids are functional in higher species.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afia Ferdous ◽  
Mohammad Zafar Imam ◽  
Tajnin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
Soluble Fractions

In the present investigation the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride and choloroform soluble fractions of crude methanolic extract of Samanea saman bark were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant activity test. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion method against thirteen bacteria and three fungi and cytotoxicity was tested by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Chloroform and hexane soluble fraction showed IC50 value of 12μg/ml and 14μg/ml respectively in scavenging DPPH radical while the reference Butylated hydroxytoluene showed an IC50 value of 10μg/ml. The carbon tetrachloride fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity. The carbon tetrachloride fraction was also found to possess mild to moderate microbial growth inhibitory capacity. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble fractions showed LC50 value of 14.94μg/ml, 0.831μg/ml and 3.288μg/ml respectively. The results suggest good antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of chloroform and hexane soluble fractions and antimicrobial activity of carbon tetrachloride fraction of Samanea saman bark extract. Key Words: Samanea saman; Leguminoseae; Cytotoxicity; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Total antioxidant capacity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6792S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 11-17

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document