scholarly journals Macabre Dimensions of Crimes and Insecurity in Nigeria and the Imperatives of Community Policing

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Oluwasolape O. ◽  
Temitope F.A. ◽  
Olanrewaju L.Y. ◽  
Marcus T.A.
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
African Region ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan

The paper focuses on community policing, a recent concept taken to as additive to law enforcement which has become everyone’s allegorical remedy for policing problems in the global system. The concept as an agenda for policing reform, has received numerous attentions, having received scholarly debates in various. In Sub-Saharan African region, and most especially Nigerian state where issues of crimes and insecurity have taken different dimensions, there have been agitations and a need to get an alternative to security structure in the country. Officers of the Nigeria Police are conspicuously overwhelmed in the discharge of their fundamental duties, there is, therefore, the need for community policing to complement their efforts in the maintenance of internal security and protection of lives and property. Therefore, this study interrogates the factors aiding the surge of crimes and ineffective policing in Nigeria, and also examines the merits derivable in subscription to the community policing viewpoint. The study gathered its data from secondary sources. The study in its findings, reveal that: a disconnect between the people and government, interagency rivalry, absence of intelligence gathering on the part of the security agencies, non-prosecution of violence perpetrators, amongst others, aid the surge of crimes and ineffective policing in the state. It as well argues that community policing would definitely go a long way in reversing the current state of insecurity for good in Nigeria. The paper, in its recommendations, submits that both the police and the public should jettison the rigid notion of rivalries between them, and should cultivate the force of togetherness and become partners in the course of securing lives and property in the society.

scholarly journals Circular Bioeconomy Research for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Innovations, Gaps, and Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Feleke ◽  
Steven Michael Cole ◽  
Haruna Sekabira ◽  
Rousseau Djouaka ◽  
Victor Manyong
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has applied the concept of ‘circular bioeconomy’ to design solutions to address the degradation of natural resources, nutrient-depleted farming systems, hunger, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Over the past decade, IITA has implemented ten circular bioeconomy focused research for development (R4D) interventions in several countries in the region. This article aims to assess the contributions of IITA’s circular bioeconomy focused innovations towards economic, social, and environmental outcomes using the outcome tracking approach, and identify areas for strengthening existing circular bioeconomy R4D interventions using the gap analysis method. Data used for the study came from secondary sources available in the public domain. Results indicate that IITA’s circular bioeconomy interventions led to ten technological innovations (bio-products) that translated into five economic, social, and environmental outcomes, including crop productivity, food security, resource use efficiency, job creation, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Our gap analysis identified eight gaps leading to a portfolio of five actions needed to enhance the role of circular bioeconomy in SSA. The results showcase the utility of integrating a circular bioeconomy approach in R4D work, especially how using such an approach can lead to significant economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The evidence presented can help inform the development of a framework to guide circular bioeconomy R4D at IITA and other research institutes working in SSA. Generating a body of evidence on what works, including the institutional factors that create enabling environments for circular bioeconomy approaches to thrive, is necessary for governments and donors to support circular bioeconomy research that will help solve some of the most pressing challenges in SSA as populations grow and generate more waste, thus exacerbating a changing climate using the linear economy model.

scholarly journals Doing Public Theology in African Christianity: A Reflection on Communiques by Churches in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Kwabena Opuni-Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
The Public ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public Concerns

Faith in public life can be associated with Christianity in Ghana from the days of the early Western missionaries. Christian faith perspectives on matters of public concerns however, assumed a wider scope with the practice of regular issuance of communiques to governments and the people of Ghana by the churches. Christian ministry is expected to be holistic. A holistic approach in Christian ministry is considered to lead to the holistic development of the nation for the common good and the glory of God. Church leaders subsequently, bring their faith perspectives to matters of public concerns as a ministerial mandate to be in pilgrimage with the people. The study is a reflection on how the churches’ communiques are done and the factors that make the communiques theological in the public space. It further seeks to identify the contribution of the construction of communiques to public theology in Christianity in Ghana. The study as qualitative, examines both available primary and secondary sources. Copies of communiques of some selected churches, ecumenical bodies and joint communiques by ecumenical bodies are examined to appreciate insights of communiques by the churches. The study seeks to make a contribution to the theological construction of public theologies in Ghana and African Christianity. KEYWORDS: Public Theology, African Christianity, Communique, Common Good

scholarly journals Policing through the community in Nigeria: The missing link in security architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Chris Ifeanyi Adebowale Oke ◽  
◽  
Frederick Braimah ◽  
Florence U. Masajuma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject

This study examined policing through the community as a strategy of strengthening the security architecture of Nigeria. The study adopted a variety of theories such as citizen participation and the broken window to interrogate the subject matter. The study x-rayed some empirical studies on the perception of the Nigeria police by the public and also contextualized citizens’ participation on community policing to situate the effectiveness of policing through the community. The study found out that policing through the community will improve intelligence gathering capacity of the security agencies in its fight against criminality and insurgencies in Nigeria. The study recommends that the present structure of the police should be decentralized and also take measures to reinvent itself to change the negative perception of the public towards it.

scholarly journals Demographic Dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Far-Fetched Dream?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixtus Cyprian Onyekwere
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
African Region ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Social Amenities

This research was set out to assess whether ‘demographic dividend’ is a far-fetched dream for most countries in Sub Saharan Africa. To achieve this aim, the research draws from a wide range of secondary sources, including data from publications as well as past research and evidence gathered from this study shows that the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region is still at the early stage of demographic transition thereby lagging when compared to other regions. The research concluded by aligning with the position that achieving demographic dividend may be a far-fetch dream for most countries in the Sub Saharan African region. Some policy recommendations were made with key emphasis on education, dulling out of modern and safe contraception, bridging the gap of gender inequality and investing in social amenities.

scholarly journals Political persecution and repression of teachers in the Ukraine SSR in the 1920–1930s

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Mykola Bryvko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Children's Media ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Current State ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Political Persecution

The current state and development of society is increasingly telling us about certain trends in the spread of political persecution and harassment, especially by public and political figures, including in the education system. And yes, the proposed research topic is equally important and relevant today. The study covers not only publications of socio-political or specialized educational or children's media, but also specific historical examples of political persecution and harassment of representatives of the education system of the 1920–1930s, which gives a deeper understanding and possibility of studying the mechanisms and manifestations of this negative phenomenon in during the so-called „fight against the enemies of the people”. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of objectivity, systematically, historicism, dialectics and interdisciplinary. And the research is based on historical and historical-pedagogical methods. Examples of political persecution and harassment of education at various levels in media of social and political importance, such as „Izvestia”, „Communist”, „Proletarian Truth”, or specialized and specialized educational publications, such as „The Path of Education”, „The Path note”, „Kyiv Pioneer”, „People's Teacher” vividly reveal the essence of the Bolshevik regime and present the efforts of the Soviet authorities to use the consciousness of citizens in the fight against the so-called „enemies of the people”, supremacy over the public rights of their own citizens. Additions to the publications are various historical sources that demonstrate the political persecution of the educators (Skrypnyk M., Krupsky O., Efremov S., Durdukivsky V. and others) in the speeches of party Soviet figures at various meetings and rallies. In addition, we can see how the Soviet authorities use political propaganda and agitation against their own citizens to retain power. This makes it possible not only to see what methods of psychological pressure, manipulations and changes of consciousness, especially of young people and children, are inherent in the Soviet power, but also to analyze their present manifestations to develop a methodology for combating these negative phenomena in a democratic society, which needs further efforts of scientists.

Leprosy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global View ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Books

Leprosy is an infection and neglected tropical disease that is steeped in myths, and, although it is described in history books, it can remain a challenge to manage today. Written in an accessible manner for professionals and the public alike, this book takes a global view of leprosy past and present. As a backdrop, it starts with exploring what we actually know about leprosy from medicine, how it is spread to humans, and its effects on the body. It then moves to consider its diagnosis and treatment in people, past and present. The focus switches next to the ways in which leprosy is diagnosed in skeletons (paleopathology), from just looking at the bones to analyzing the DNA of the bacteria preserved in the bones. By doing so, information on skeletons with evidence of leprosy across the globe is synthesized with the aim of considering the current state of global knowledge regarding the origin, evolution, and history of leprosy. In particular, the book explores how all the people diagnosed with leprosy in their skeletons in the past were buried, and the myth that everybody was ostracized and segregated into leprosy hospitals, due to stigma, is dismissed. It concludes with thoughts on a future for leprosy, the need to continue to dispel its myths and to seriously reconsider the use of the word “leper” when discussing leprosy today and in the past.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Concept and Attraction and The Development od Tge "Langen Mandra Wanara" Art from Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Nofansyah ◽  
Redyanto Noor
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Performing Art

Langen Mandra Wanara is a Javanese dance-drama genre that tells Ramayana story taking place in the Kepatihan complex. It has become a very popular performing art and has been widely studied by the people of Yogyakarta. This study aimed to discuss the concept, attractiveness and development of the "Langen Mandra Wanara" art. The study used a descriptive analysis method. In this research, the data was the art of Langen Mandra Wanara from Yogyakarta, which was obtained from various secondary sources, including previous research journals, internet sites, books and documentation. The results showed that Langen Mandra Wanara has a basic concept called the Joged Mataram philosophy in dancing. At the beginning of its development, the art performance was marked by the appearance of a large number of wanara (monkey) dancers. Unlike other arts, Langen Mandra Wanara basically aims to provide entertainment to the public for free. In its development, Langen Mandra Wanara's performance declined due to the influence of the Dutch colonial economic situation. Currently, Langen Mandra Wanara shows tend to be concise, performed much shorter, and involve fewer players. Thus, the production cost of court performing arts can be reduced much cheaper than before.

scholarly journals TRUCE MISSIONS, NON-VIOLENT CAMPAIGNS AND PEACEFUL RESOLUTIONS OF CONFLICTS: LESSONS FROM THE ACTIVITIES OF PEACE DIRECT CHARITY ORGANISATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Temitope Abiodun ◽  
Marcus Akinlade ◽  
Olanrewaju Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Charity Commission ◽  
The Waves

Among the major threats halting the wheel of developments in northern Nigeria is the rising spate of insecurity and conflicts that have now assumed various formidable dimensions in all ramifications. The waves of violence and armed conflicts have continued to take toll on the region over the last three decades, claimed over twenty-eight thousand (28,000) lives and got three million (3 million) people displaced. Despite the disheartening statistics, Peace Direct (PD), a charitable organization known for its non-violent and peace building initiatives, and having supported the civil societies in conflict zones for over a decade across the globe, has now come out optimistic that a non-violent and peaceful northern Nigeria is possible. The study examines the various instances and factors giving birth to insecurity and violence in northern Nigeria; and also the activities of Peace Direct Charity Commission (PDCC) towards ensuring truce brokerage missions, non-violent campaigns and peaceful resolutions of conflicts in the region. The study adopts a democratic peace theory to explain the need for war’s absence in peaceful settings as the paper relies on both primary and secondary sources of data with significant reliability index. The study, however, reveals the various factors aiding insecurity and violence in the region to be; a disconnect between the people and government, abject poverty, increased rate of unemployment, weak and poorly funded military establishments, interagency rivalry, low-level of intelligence gathering on the part of security agencies in Nigeria, among others. Therefore, making the region to be non-violent and peaceful; the Nigerian security agencies, social system, public institutions truce brokerage missions, and peace building efforts or initiatives must be adequately strengthened.

scholarly journals Analysis of Military and Public Participation in Disaster Rescue Operations in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
G. O. Chukwu-Okeah ◽  
J. J. Ebubechukwu ◽  
E. B. Okemini
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
The Public ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Military

The study was carried out basically to examine military and public participation in disaster rescue operations in Ahoada East L.G.A of Rivers State, Nigeria. Four objectives alongside one hypothesis were set out for the study. A total of 400 respondents were sampled for the study with the use of the Taro Yamane formula, but on distribution of copies of the questionnaire, only 370 copies were returned completely filled for the study. This was thereafter used in the analysis of the study alongside the Chi-Square analytical tool, which was used for hypothesis testing. The findings of the study revealed that the people partnered with the military in different segments of the study area towards disaster rescue, mostly on security and intelligence gathering. Military and public participation concentrated on disaster rescue operations. These rescue operations seem to have an impact on the people of the area. It is also revealed that the attitude of the Government to disaster rescue operations in the area has been positive and effective. The study has also revealed that statistically there is a significant impact of Military and public participation in disaster rescue operations. The study therefore recommended that there is a need for community participation in decision making for disaster management, as this will easily facilitate better communication leading to overall acceptability of the locals with the rescue operations. This positive outcome propagates the need for encouraging a close interaction and partnership between the public and the military. Based on the study outcome a partnership is being built. Such a development would ensure effective disaster rescue operations, monitoring, response recovery and preparedness.

scholarly journals Opinion and uptake of chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 during the mandatory lockdown in the sub-Saharan African region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu ◽  
Obinna Nwaeze ◽  
Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
Richard Oloruntoba ◽  
Bernadine Ekpenyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
West African ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Potential Use

Background: As the search for effective treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection continues, the public opinion around the potential use of chloroquine (CQ) in treating COVID-19 remains mixed.Aim: To examine opinion and uptake of CQ for treating COVID-19 in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region.Setting: This study was conducted through an online survey software titled SurveyMonkey.Methods: Anonymous online survey of 1829 SSA countries was conducted during the lockdown period using Facebook, WhatsApp and authors’ networks. Opinion and uptake of CQ for COVID-19 treatment were assessed using multivariate analyses.Results: About 14% of respondents believed that CQ could treat COVID-19 and of which, 3.2% took CQ for COVID-19 treatment. Multivariate analyses revealed that respondents from Central (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43, 4.43) and West Africa (aOR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.15, 2.88) had higher odds of believing that CQ could treat COVID-19. Respondents from East Africa reported higher odds for uptake of CQ for COVID-19 than Central, Western and Southern Africans. Knowledge of the disease and compliance with the public health advice were associated with both belief and uptake of CQ for COVID-19 treatment.Conclusion: Central and West African respondents were more likely to believe in CQ as a treatment for COVID-19 whilst the uptake of the medication during the pandemic was higher amongst East Africans. Future intervention discouraging the unsupervised use of CQ should target respondents from Central, West and East African regions.

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