scholarly journals On the formation of the Roma (Gypsy) ethnos

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Valdemar Kalinin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Nomadic People

The author attempts to consider the history and dynamics of the formation of the Roma (Gypsy) a result of different impacts between the local population and the publiceconomic institutions of those countries, where Roma (Gypsy) lived temporarily or permanently; how ethnic contacts were established; reasons, results and post-effects of the enemy conquests of the territories, where Gypsies settled for good causing mandatory and natural changes in the language, traditions and customs, as well as religion. The issue of the ethno-genesis of the Roma/Gypsy – the process of the formation of this given ethnic community on the basis of various ethnic components – does not lose its relevance. Discussing this topic, the author revises the issue of the Indian origin of the ancestors of modern Roma in the light of new achievements in the field of genetics and the obtained irrefutable evidence that allows to put forward as one of the hypothesis the ability of Roma/Gypsy for genetic resistance, which helped them to preserve their mentality, traditions and customs, the foundations of customary law, without losing their native language. The author also touches upon the issue of defining the type of Gypsy social structure and culture, which often arises in the cases when the Gypsies are seen as exclusively nomadic people. The author puts forward his hypothesis regarding the word ‘nomadic‘ used in relation to the Gypsies.

Literacy, Social Structure and Local Social Dramas

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
David Cressy
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Political History ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
History Of

This paper starts by describing Roger Schofield's work on the measurement of literacy, and especially his use of the proportion of brides and grooms who could sign the marriage register to quantify the extent of illiteracy among different sections of society. The paper then discusses other potential sources of data on illiteracy. Frequently these sources describe local social events, in which the politics of the parish intersect the history of the nation, and social, cultural, and political history come together. Work using these sources can expose some of the intangibles of ideology, religion, and morality to which literacy only gestures. Linking these records to other local sources may reveal how kinship, neighbourliness, or economic associations drove participation in ritual, cultural, and quasi-political activities. The final part of the paper illustrates this using an extended example of the response of the local population to the wreck of a ship off the coast of Dorset in 1641.

Local population studies using parish registers: ideas for future research

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Andrew Hinde ◽  
Paul Tomblin
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Future Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Research

This short note discusses possible ideas for future research using parish register data and ways in which local and amateur historians might contribute to a new research agenda. In this, it is an attempt to resurrect and strengthen the links between amateur and professional historians that were integral to the work of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure in the 1960s and 1970s, and which led to the foundation of the journal Local Population Studies. The ideas discussed here are not fully formed, and should be seen as a contribution to a research agenda which is likely to be fluid, open-ended and responsive to initiatives from local and family historians.

Code switching in Sia Pedee story-telling

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gómez Rendón
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Systematic Pattern ◽  
Northern Pacific

AbstractThis article deals with code switching in a corpus of narratives collected in Sia Pedee (Chocoan) among the Épera of the northern Pacific coast of Ecuador. The reinsertion of Sia Pedee in the nowadays dominant Spanish-speaking ethnic community has resulted in older speakers making use of code switching as a way to flag their ethnic identity and index their attitudes towards propositional content. While code switching seems to be inducing certain incipient changes in Sia Pedee, the seriously endangered state of the native language would prevent those changes from taking definite shape. Similarly, the diglossic condition of Sia Pedee before Spanish is preventing the crystallization of a systematic pattern of language mixing.

scholarly journals IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PRISULAK TRIBES IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-116
Author(s):  
Gamzat D. Ataev ◽  
Sergey B. Burkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Cosmological Beliefs

The article is devoted to the study of ideological concepts and the social structure of the population of one of the archaeological formations of the North-Eastern Caucasus of the Middle Bronze Age - the Prisulak culture. The work is based on the analysis of burial and religious monuments, the study of which allows revealing various religious concepts and rituals of the cult nature of the local population of the Middle Bronze Age. Examination of the burial structures and the rite of the early group of burials of the burial mounds of the Prisulak district testifies to the diversity of the burial structures and the great diversity of the funerary rites. Ground pits, stone tombs, small stone boxes were revealed: with stretched, seated and crouched bones oriented in the east, southeast, south and south-west directions. In the funeral rite of the early group of burials, along with ancient and local elements, features characteristic of the tribes of the North Caucasus and the steppes of Southeast Europe are noted. A comprehensive study of the burial structures and rituals, as well as cult objects of the Prisulak culture during the Middle Bronze Age, made it possible to highlight many of the problems associated with ideological concepts and social organization of society, to find out the genesis of culture and the ethnocultural contacts of the local population with adjacent tribes. A study of the materials of the Prisulak monuments made it possible to get an idea of the spiritual culture of the population of the region in question: to reveal that the tribes of the Middle Sulak basin in the Middle Bronze Age had complex and diverse beliefs, among which ideas about the “soul”, “afterlife”, magical and protective practices, animal and nature cults, and other cosmological beliefs were of a great significance.

scholarly journals On the question of agrarian, administrative and judicial reform in the Kurin Khanate in the XIX century

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
R. A. Bogdanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Rural Government ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to information on the history of the Kurin Khanate and Dagestan, especially in the XIX century, about the orders that reigned in the khanates, about the mountain rulers and their power. Along with administrative reforms, tsarism also implemented judicial reform in the North Caucasus, which was completely subordinated to the interests of Russia and its policies in the region. This reform was carried out, gradually replacing the centuries-old judicial system in Cure, based on customary law. The reform of the rural government occupies a prominent place in the administrative reform of the Dagestan region. The need for its implementation stemmed from the need to create a unified system of rural administration: rural (aul) public administration was the lowest step of the administrative ladder. The main issues of the social life of rural society were solved by the village (aul) assembly. Administrative-territorial transformations of the 60-70s of the XIX century were practically aimed at strengthening control over the local population.

scholarly journals Fairs and Festival of Pangi Tribal Tehsil

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janam Singh Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Nomadic People ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

Himachal Pradesh, can hardly be called a tribal state though it is inhabitated by tribes like the Pangwala, Gaddi, Gujjar, Kinnaura, Lahaula, Lamba, Jad, Khampa, Swangla, Beda, and Zoba. The tribes of Himachal Pradesh are scattered in different parts of the state and the tribal communities residing in different parts of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh like Pangwala, Gaddi and Gujjar are sociable and by their own culture and tradition, they have marked their position in the Indian subcontinent also. Dancing, musical melodies, festival, fair, etc. bore evidence to it. They are by nature nomadic people and their customs and social structure make them identifiable from each other. As far as the occupations are concerned, the tribes of Chamba have taken up the occupations including rearing of cattle and also raising of wool. Dresses that these tribes of Chamba wear also are quite exquisite to look at. With this perspective an attempt is made in this paper analyze the fairs and festival, customs and culture of tribal people of Pangi tehsil of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.

scholarly journals FENOMENA HUKUM WARIS ADAT DI INDONESIA ANTARA KEADILAN HUKUM DAN KEADILAN SOSIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
M Burhanuddin Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law

Legal justice and social justice as two different concepts form the basis of the development of theoretical law and practical law. The pluralistic fact of customary inheritance law that is not single in Indonesia and is subject to genealogical and territorial alliance, is not written in legislative regulations (unstatutery law), and has been generally believed (taken for granted) in reality is very difficult to integrate. Even now customary law cannot be realized in legal unification and there is still no uniform national regulation in Indonesia due to the clash of cultural, religious and sociological complications. This is where the urgency of the concept of legal justice and social justice develops his theory in improving the law so that the phenomenon of customary inheritance law gets an alternative solution based on the social structure of a pluralistic Indonesian society.

THE HISTORY OF MUSLIM MIGRATION TO EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Александра Борисовна Гайнетдинова ◽  
Татьяна Константиновна Демидова ◽  
Елена Олеговна Тулупова
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Society ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Flow

At present, the issue of migration to the European Union is very acute, despite many attempts of the under question countries’ leaders to stabilize the situation. On the one hand, European Union authorities are unable to cope with a massive human flow, and on the other hand, local population’ discontent with Europe’s Islamization is mounting. It is obvious that the migrants who have arrived in European countries are reluctant to learn the native language, do not accept the culture, do not accept the rules of conduct in European society, and sometimes dictate their own conditions. It undoubtedly disturbs European society.

Some Thoughts on ‘Hereditary’ and ‘Proprietary’ Rights in Land under Customary Law in Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Century England

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
Rural England

A recent polemical essay by Alan Macfarlane constructed a picture of the social structure of medieval rural England premised on the notion that there was little difference in the nature of family attachment to land between freeholders and those who held their property ‘according to the customs of the manor.’ This essay has received severe criticism from R. H. Hilton, who argues that it ‘ignores the implications of the considerable predominance in many areas of customary land held in villein (i.e. servile) tenure, attempting to assimilate it to freehold as though it were equivalent to sixteenth century copyhold.’ The scale of the difference between these two positions may be attributed to the current state of research into the operation of customary law and its tribunals.

Custom, Rules, Administration, Community

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Abel
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Third World ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Legal Rule ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Third ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
The Third World

The concept of “customary law” often is used to refer to a particular kind of legal rule—one that is oral rather than written, for instance. Such a conception contains a kernel of truth—customary rules are distinctive—but the focus is too narrow. In this essay I want to look at the totality of legal phenomena in a society—rules, processes, institutions, personnel, and ideology—exploring how they are interrelated and how they relate to other social phenomena. For this purpose I want to construct four configurations of law in society, none of which can be found in its pure form anywhere. Such an ideal type is a heuristic device that, if successful, reveals the dynamic tendencies of a particular configuration and the connections among its parts.The first configuration, which I will call custom, is found in the pre-capitalist societies of the third world prior to colonial domination. Obviously we never can know what those societies actually looked like, since oral history inevitably introduces nostalgic distortions, and the earliest European travellers and traders were changing die societies even as they were describing them (and of course expressed their own ethnocentric biases). Furthermore, to employ the category “precapitalist” is to invite a number of analytic difficulties: it defines these societies negatively (they are not yet capitalist); and it lumps together societies that differ greatly in economy (e.g., agricultural and pastoral), polity (e.g., chiefly and chiefless), and social structure (e.g., the presence or absence of corporate lineages).

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