Saltwater as a Disinfectant and Cleaning agent for Environmental Surfaces in the context of SARS-COV-II.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Radhika G. Sojitra ◽  
Urvi J. Chotaliya
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Chloride Water ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Selection Of

The WHO has declared the ongoing outbreak as a global public health emergency. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS COV-II), the etiologic agent of COVID-19 has spread globally in a few months. It is a pandemic, surface to surface communicable disease. This review enlightens the preventive measures such as salt (sodium chloride) water as a selection of surface disinfectant. The application of saltwater is a sustainable and green concept and has several advantages including cost-effectiveness, ease of application, effective disinfection, on-the-spot production, safe for human beings and the environment. As compared to other chemical-based disinfectants and sanitizers, it is better to use on-hand techniques to clean vegetables and fruits, wooden surfaces, toys, and glasses with the most easily available, most economical, and non-toxic material of every house’s kitchen: A Common Salt. A simple saltwater solution containing approx 0.9-1.2% solution can be the cheapest, easiest, quickest, and safest way to clean different kinds of household surfaces to combat this pandemic situation.

scholarly journals Connecting Climate and Communicable Disease to Penta Helix Using Hierarchical Likelihood Structural Equation Modelling

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Rezzy Eko Caraka ◽  
Maengseok Noh ◽  
Rung-Ching Chen ◽  
Youngjo Lee ◽  
Prana Ugiana Gio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Hierarchical Likelihood

Design: Health issues throughout the sustainable development goals have also been integrated into one ultimate goal, which helps to ensure a healthy lifestyle as well as enhances well-being for any and all human beings of all social level. Meanwhile, regarding the clime change, we may take urgent action to its impacts. Purpose: Nowadays, climate change makes it much more difficult to control the pattern of diseases transmitted and sometimes hard to prevent. In line with this, Centres for Disease Control (CDC) Taiwan grouped the spread of disease through its source in the first six main groups. Those are food or waterborne, airborne or droplet, vector-borne, sexually transmitted or blood-borne, contact transmission, and miscellaneous. According to this, academics, government, and the private sector should work together and collaborate to maintain the health issue. This article examines and connects the climate and communicable aspects towards Penta-Helix in Taiwan. Finding: In summary, we have been addressing the knowledge center on the number of private companies throughout the health care sector, the number of healthcare facilities, and the education institutions widely recognized as Penta Helix. In addition, we used hierarchical likelihood structural equation modeling (HSEMs). All the relationship variables among climate, communicable disease, and Penta Helix can be interpreted through the latent variables with GoF 79.24%.

scholarly journals Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2084
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar ◽  
Rohit Dubey ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Femoral Component ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Selection Of

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a remarkable achievement in biomedical science that enhances human life. However, human beings still suffer from knee-joint-related problems such as aseptic loosening caused by excessive wear between articular surfaces, stress-shielding of the bone by prosthesis, and soft tissue development in the interface of bone and implant due to inappropriate selection of TKR material. The choice of most suitable materials for the femoral component of TKR is a critical decision; therefore, in this research paper, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tactic is applied using the degree of membership (DoM) technique with a varied system, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the weighted product method (WPM), the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method (WASPAS), an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The weights of importance are assigned to different criteria by the equal weights method (EWM). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the solidity of the projected tactic. The weights of importance are varied using the entropy weights technique (EWT) and the standard deviation method (SDM). The projected hybrid MCDM methodology is simple, reliable and valuable for a conflicting decision-making environment.

Questions Collaborative Dexamethasone Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1266
Author(s):  
ROSAMOND JONES ◽  
ADRIAN GRANT ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Clinical Uncertainty ◽  
Trial Entry ◽  
Selection Of

In Reply.— We are glad to respond to Dr MacMahon's letter about the generalizability of the results of our trial. Basing trial entry on `clinical uncertainty' is actually one of the strengths of this trial.1 No trial can ever include a random sample of all human beings who meet the eligibility criteria; there is always selection of subjects (whatever the entry criteria). Inevitably, therefore, at some point there has to be a leap of faith from the evidence to clinical practice.2

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

scholarly journals Carbon Valuation: Alternatives, Alternations and Lateral Measures?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Offsets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

This article refers to carbon valuation as the practice of ascribing value to, and assessing the value of, actions and objects in terms of carbon emissions. Due to the pervasiveness of carbon emissions in the actions and objects of everyday lives of human beings, the making of carbon offsets and credits offers almost unlimited repertoires of alternatives to be included in contemporary carbon valuation schemes. Consequently, the article unpacks how discussions of carbon valuation are interpreted through different registers of alternatives - as the commensuration and substitution of variants on the one hand, and the confrontational comparison of radical difference on the other. Through the reading of a wide selection of the social science literature on carbon markets and trading, the article argues that the value of carbon emissions itself depends on the construction of alternative, hypothetical scenarios, and that emissions have become both a moral and a virtual measure pitting diverse forms of actualised actions or objects against each other or against corresponding nonactions and non-objects as alternatives.

scholarly journals Aftershocks: Globalism and the Future of Democracy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The University ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This digital publication consists of a selection of 56 papers presented at the 16th International Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas (ISSEI), held at the University of Zaragoza, 2-5 July 2019, the general theme of which was ‘Aftershocks: Globalism and the Future of Democracy’. Sponsored by The Aragonese Association of Sociology, the conference was well-attended – 170 participants from 28 countries met to discuss a wide variety of topics in 29 workshops. The feedback we received from participants confirmed that they had greatly enjoyed the venue of the conference, that they appreciated the warm welcome they had received and the congenial social atmosphere and opportunity to attend workshops on subjects that were not only in their own field of expertise. No one, of course, could have predicted that our world – our work and life as individuals, as communities and as nations – would change so suddenly and radically eighteen months after the conference, with the rapid and devastating spread of the Convid-19 pandemic. The current deepening global crisis along with the challenge of climate change and growing international tensions are a stark reminder of how vulnerable our societies, our civilization, and our species are. The shocks and aftershocks of these crises are felt today in every corner of the world and in every aspect of our global and local economies, and most obviously in the sociopolitical arena. As several of the conference workshops on the multiple crises Europe and the world face today – from the migrant crisis to the rise of populism and deepening inequality between rich and poor – showed – and as the Covid-19 pandemic has so cruelly brought home to us – we simply cannot take the achievements of human civilization for granted and must find ways to meet the fundamental social and political needs of human beings not only in our own neighborhoods, cities and countries, but ultimately in the world as a whole: their living conditions, livelihoods, social services, education and healthcare, human rights and political representation. Several of the workshops, as I mentioned, directly addressed these issues and emphasized the need for building social resilience based on tolerance, solidarity and equity. This too is why, as academics, we should continue to initiate and engage in collective reflection and debate on how to foster and strengthen human communities and human solidarity. Finally, I want to thank the participants and workshop chairs for their contribution to the success of the conference. It was a pleasure for me to work with the university organizing team and with ISSEI’s team in bringing this about, and I am particularly proud that my university and the city of Zaragoza hosted this conference.

scholarly journals Defining Human Factor and Ergonomic and its related issues in Malaysia Pineapple Plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fazrina Mohamad Salleh ◽  
Ezrin Hani Sukadarin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Industrial Ergonomics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
English Articles ◽  
Selection Of

Human factor and ergonomic has been a standardized as synonymous for a long time and has great potential to contribute in designing all kinds of systems with people. However, some opinions draw precisely distinctions among these terms. Numerous studies have been conducted in their attempt to understand the concept of human factor and ergonomic. The meaning of each term must be clearly understood before using them in any research to understand how human beings interact with surroundings. So, this paper seeks to review the definition of human factor and ergonomic. English articles and books dated as far 1970 were compiled from Taylor and Francis Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The keywords used in the selection of the articles are human factors, human factors engineering, ergonomics, industrial ergonomics, reviews, definition, difference and risk factors. A risk model related to each term is also provided to have more understanding towards it. Based on the finding of the literature review of human factor and ergonomic issue in pineapple plantation were explore and are categorized accordingly.

AYURVEDIC UNDERSTANDING & PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF COVID-19: AN OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Ajai Kumar Pandey ◽  
Rashmi Kathait ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Parameswarappa S. Byadgi
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Status

The world community is facing a pandemic of COVID -19, which is caused by infection of novel corona virus-2. The disease has spread globally with a total of 27.2 Cr conrmed cases, 53.3 L deaths and 24.3 Cr recovered as of December 13. Primarily; it involves the respiratory system and in due course of time affects the other systems too. The pathophysiology and management are still evolving in modern medicine, while developments of vaccine are under the way. As per Ayurveda, it is type of Aupasargikaroga (infectious disease) that is Sankramakaroga (communicable disease) in nature and later on it may derange the basic matrix of bio-humours and alter the status of Agnis (bio-res) and Ojas (immune strength). In view of this, different treatments guidelines have been recommended in the classics of Ayurveda by considering the genetic constitution (Prakriti), kala, bala and other epigenetic factors of the patient. Besides, specic recommendations for Ahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (code of conduct related to mental and physical activities) have also been mentioned to target physical, mental, social and spiritual health. In this context authors have tried to explore the preventive aspects which are feasible for general public to become free from COVID-19 through Ayurveda.

EXPERTS MEET, DRAW UP MODEL LIST OF ESSENTIAL DRUGS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Disease Control ◽  
Essential Drugs ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Selection Of

In the light of present scientific knowledge, approximately 200 drugs are indispensable for the health care of the vast majority of the world's population. This was the conclusion of the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection of Essential Drugs, which met in Geneva from 17 to 22 October. The committee's full report will be submitted, together with other Expert Committee reports, to the Executive Board of WHO during its 11-27 January 1978 session. In its deliberations the Committee benefited from the worldwide response to a preliminary model list issued after a consultation held in Geneva in October 1976. Comments and suggestions were received from the six regional offices of WHO, more than 100 experts from over 40 countries, and nongovernmental organizations in official relations with WHO. The Committee drew attention to the fact that drug costs account for up to 40% of the total health budget in some developing countries. In affluent nations as well, governments appear to be increasingly worried by the rising expenditure for pharmaceutical products. In the least developed countries, where communicable disease control and elementary health care are the major concerns, large segments of the population are in urgent need of essential drugs and vaccines. For their limited financial resources to be put to optimal use, the drugs available must be restricted to those proven to be therapeutically effective, to have acceptable safety, and to satisfy the health needs of the population.

Probiotics conventional benefits and cautions in intake- A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Priya Sugandhi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Studies

Probiotics are friendly bacteria benefit the health which occur naturally in the digestive tract of human beings. Prebiotics, act as ‘food’ for these beneficial probiotic bacteria, promoting their activity. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are widely used probiotics which generally regarded as safe. They are adhesive to mucosal and epithelial surfaces and enhance immunity by preventing pathogen adhesion in the digestive system. Although infections with probiotics are very rare, few research studies have been reported in children and also in elderly suffering from diseases due to supplementation of few types of species which may be due to immunodeficiency and immunosuppression. The familiarity of probiotics is still uncertain in many and they doubt whether to consume or not. This review provides the information based on research studies and gives clarity on the intake of probiotics. However, caution need to be exercised in the selection of genus and strains of particular probiotics genera.

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