scholarly journals Has the Special Economic Zone Approach Improve Ghana’s Competitiveness in the Global Market?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Florence Kutin-Mensah ◽  
Dechun Huang ◽  
Richard Ofosu Boateng ◽  
Rutendo Chiponga

Ghana adopted the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) model in an attempt to stimulate economic growth by moving from an era of import-based to an export-based development strategy and also to potentially improve competiveness in the world market. However, until now, it is not well understood if this move has been beneficial and whether it has positioned Ghana particularly in terms of trade on the global market. This study examines and demonstrate if the adopted SEZ model has had any significant effects on the trade patterns in Ghana. This was undertaken by analyzing the competiveness and the dynamics and/or level of comparative advantage of selected products traded within the SEZs on sectoral levels in the world market using the Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index. The results shows that among the investigated products, Ghana shows little and/or no comparative advantage for manufactured goods with a maintained relative competiveness for raw materials. In addition, the RCA index indicates that Ghana has not improved its competiveness even in the exports of its resource intensive products such as Wood and Minerals. Clearly, it was revealed that Ghana appears to not have made any substantial progress towards taking advantage of the dynamic potential of SEZs as a tool for sustainable exports gains transformation. In the light of the evidence shown, some policy implications and recommendation are described. 

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Hussain Kunroo ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Sofi

The present study discusses the short- and long-run trade patterns of India and China. Applying revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and bilateral RCA, this study specifically tries to find out the pattern of exports and areas of specialization of the economies under study. Major findings suggest that both the countries have been performing well, in terms of merchandise trade exports, over the past few decades, especially since 2000. The export-performing behaviour of India and China with each other, as well as with the world, is seen quite general in nature. In other words, irrespective of their institutional and structural differences, both India and China maintain almost the same upward moving trend with respect to the flow of exports between them and that with the world market. However, once we go from Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) two-digit to SITC four-digit level of analysis, the sample economies reveal their specialized products. At the disaggregate level, India’s export basket is void of food products and raw materials, and it generally contains engineering goods and technologically driven products as advantageous products. The study finds that the areas of specialization are much wider, and the technology-embedded products are larger for China as compared to India. JEL: F10, F11, F43


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna GNANGNON

This article investigates the impact of countries' comparative advantage following (CAF) strategy on their integration into the world markets for manufactured exports. The analysis uses a panel dataset of 113 countries (comprising both developed and developing countries) over the period 1995-2015. Based on the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments approach, the findings have shown that the CAF development strategy induces a rise in countries' share of manufactured export products in the world's total manufactured exports. Interestingly, the magnitude of this positive effect of the CAF strategy increases as the size of inward FDI stock rises. An important implication of this analysis is that countries that promote industries in line with their comparative advantage are likely to enjoy a greater integration into the world market for manufactured export products, notably when they experience a greater size of inward FDI stock.


Author(s):  
L.G. Tuboltsev ◽  
N.І. Padoon

The aim of the study is to identify risks and challenges that may be a threat to the development of the mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine (MMC). It is shown that the excess steel-making capacity in the world increases the risks of the steel producers, may lead to an excess of offers, trade disputes; low prices and low yield. It is noted that the Ukrainian ferrous metallurgy works in the harsh conditions of the world market, the hallmark of which is the uncontrolled and unpredictable growth of world prices. This leads to unstable operation of the MMC, especially in recent years. The factors that determine the potential risks in the metallurgical sector of Ukraine are given. The most influential risk factors include the following: threats to the impact of environmental factors on the future; threats of influence of the political situation in the world; the instability of the supply of raw materials and prices for finished products; change in existing trade flows of raw materials and finished products; global trade restrictions; the lag of the technical level of metallurgical production from the world; insufficient state influence on the industry; lack of industrial development strategy of Ukraine and the metallurgical industry. It is shown that the main direction of the target setting for the development of Ukrainian metallurgy in the medium term should be the development of a strategy that binds together raw materials, energy potential, steelmaking equipment, casting and rolling technologies, as well as the state and market prospects.


Author(s):  
В.Н. СУРОВЦЕВ ◽  
Е.Н. ПАЮРОВА

Проанализированы проблемы на рынке молока и молочных продуктов России в условиях глобального экономического кризиса: перепроизводство молока в основных странах-экспортерах, снижение закупочных цен на сырое молоко, снижение цен на биржевые товары в мире и России в 2020 году, тренд на уменьшение спроса на молочные продукты на мировом рынке в среднесрочном периоде, снижение общего спроса на молочные продукты на внутрироссийском рынке при падении реальных доходов населения, изменение структуры потребления. Проведена оценка новых возможностей и угроз для развития отрасли: со стороны потребителей — рост цен на продовольствие, снижение доходов; с позиции производителей молока — снижение закупочных цен, рост требований к сырью для производства продукции с увеличенными сроками годности, дефицит рабочей силы, вероятное сокращение господдержки в результате снижения цен на углеводороды, попытки регулирования цен; со стороны перерабатывающих предприятий — сокращение спроса, снижение цен на готовую продукцию вслед за мировыми ценами. Обоснованы приоритеты инвестирования в молочном скотоводстве и основные формы совершенствования государственной поддержки отрасли, обеспечивающие эффективную адаптацию производителей молока к новым экономическим условиям, повышение устойчивости отрасли при усилении макроэкономических рисков. The article analyzes the problems in the Russian milk and dairy products market in the context of the global economic crisis: overproduction of milk in the main exporting countries, lower purchase prices for raw milk, lower prices for commodities in the world and in Russia in 2020, trend to reduce demand for dairy products on the world market in medium term, a decrease in total demand for dairy products in the Russian market with a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, a change in the structure of consumption. An assessment of new opportunities and threats to the development of the industry was carried out: on the part of consumers — rising food prices, lower incomes; from the perspective of dairy producers — reduction in purchase prices, increased requirements for raw materials for the production of products with extended periods, labor shortages, the likely reduction in state support as a result of lower prices for hydrocarbons, attempts to regulate prices; on the part of processing enterprises — reduction of demand, reduction of prices for finished goods following world prices. The investment priorities in dairy cattle breeding and the main forms of improving state support for the industry, ensuring the effective adaptation of milk producers to new economic conditions, increasing the sustainability of the industry with increasing macroeconomic risks, are substantiated.


Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.


2019 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
A. Krishtofor

The main organizational characteristics of the world space industry in the context of increased international competition have been determined. The most characteristic changes in the global market of space products have been identified. The methodology of the analysis of the world market of space products and services has been presented. As a result of the analysis of the successful international experience in the development of the space industry and the trends of the world space activity, the global patterns, that need to be taken into account in the implementation and planning of measures to improve the competitiveness of space activity of the Russian Federation have been revealed.


Author(s):  
Natalia Tanklevska ◽  
Viktoriia Petrenko ◽  
Alla Karnaushenko ◽  
Kateryna Melnykova

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of deep processing of corn in Ukraine, taking into account the restraining factors of development, on the basis of the analysis of the state and tendencies of functioning of the world market of corn. Methodology / approach. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – in determining the purpose and formulating conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphical ones – in the assessment, analysis, comparison and establishment of patterns of the current state and trends in the production of corn and its deep processing; program-target one – to substantiate the factors of intensification of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Results. The analysis was carried out and tendencies of world corn production were determined. The shares of countries-producers and countries-consumers of corn were calculated; their dynamics of changes were analyzed. Analysis of the dynamics of prices for corn grain on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange indicates that the price of raw materials is gradually declining, so agricultural enterprises that sell corn as a raw material, lose income from its production. The structure of corn use in different directions in the world was analyzed, and the structure of its use in the USA was considered in more detail. Factors of activation of deep processing of corn were identified. In Ukraine, deep grain processing as an industry is just beginning to develop, so it is worth processing corn, based on the experience of leading countries, such as the USA and China. Estimated costs for the construction of a modern plant for deep processing of corn and income from the implementation of this investment project were calculated. Originality/scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the world corn market; economic substantiation of expediency of corn processing in Ukraine; improving the system of factors to intensify the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results of the study is that they will contribute to the formation of the concept of intensifying the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. The main results can be used by agro-industrial enterprises during the development of deep corn processing projects.


2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Tetiana AVERIKHINA ◽  
Maryna BURIACHENKO ◽  
Valeriia VASYLIEVA

Introduction. The world market of electrical equipment is developing very fast. There are many companies in the market that sell electrical equipment, among them there are companies that occupy leading positions. Today, the world market of energy engineering is estimated at 87 billion dollars per year, based on the structural dynamics of growth, the annual volume can reach 110-115 billion dollars per year until 2025. The global market for energy equipment service in 2020 is 31.7 billion dollars, including: LTSA (long-term service) 47 %, modernization – 20 %, field service – 24 %, engineering – 9 %. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the world market of electrical equipment, determine sales, business growth. The list of leaders in electrical equipment on the world market is considered. Results. The main trends in the world today are the following areas: development of DC transmission system, cable lines for underwater laying and cable for connections of renewable energy sources to reduce energy transmission costs through the capabilities of existing transmission lines, through network voltages and innovative design solutions and installation methods. The amendment for these trends shows us the world leaders in the electrical market, such as Legrand, Schneider Electric, ABB, Siemens, DEKraft, SASSIN, EKF, etc., R&D costs are 3.5–5 % of profits (over 60 years). Thus, we can conclude that the global market for cable networks is developing rapidly. This market is expected to grow in the development of smart grid technologies, renewable energy generation and initiatives to modernize the transmission and distribution system. Conclusion. That the global cable ladder market is developing rapidly. This market is expected to grow in the development of smart grid technologies, renewable energy cultivation and government initiatives to modernize transmission and distribution systems.


Author(s):  
Malyshev ◽  
Kushchevska ◽  
Bruskova

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global nanopowder market. Materials and methods. The study used such research methods as system-logical method, method of statistical generalization, comparative and factor analysis. Research results. It is known that nanopowders are obtained by chemical, physical, physico-chemical and mechanical methods. One of the major problems in the production of nanopowders is the tendency of nanoparticles to form aggregates and agglomerates that complicate the production of compact materials. To overcome the forces of agglomeration, a mechanical force or an increase in the sintering temperature must be applied. According to estimates from the consulting company Lux Research, in 2012, the nanotechnology market was $ 190.3 billion. Its annual growth is 15-17%. The world market leaders are the United States ($ 59 billion), Europe ($ 47 billion) and the Asia Pacific region ($ 9.4 billion). The US is the leader in both the commercial market and the number of publications (about 25,000 in 2015) and patents in nanotechnology (45% of patents). Following the results of 2015, more than $1.4 trillion worth of nanotechnology products were manufactured. In the structure of production of nanoproducts the chemical industry, scientific researches (intermediary products, as a rule, not serial) and electronics are leading. Global investments in nanotechnology in 2015 totaled $ 18.1 billion. This indicator increased by 18% compared to 2013. Corporate investments ($ 8.6 billion) became the main source of financing (public - only $ 8.3 billion). The leaders in terms of public investment are the US and the EU. Experts estimate that, by 2020, investment leadership may shift to Japan. Today, the leader in the nanomaterials market is the United States with a projected revenue level of 2018 of $ 1.46 billion. The main products on the world market for nanopowders are metal oxide powders. In the product group of metal oxides 4/5 the production volume accounts for the three most common types of raw materials: silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). At the same time, silica occupies more than half of all production, alumina - 18% and titanium dioxide - 10%. The most available oxides are oxides of iron, zinc, cerium, zirconium, cuprum, magnesium, yttrium. The most complex oxides and mixtures are: tin oxide, barium titanate, cobalt carbide, silicon nitride and indium tin oxide. An analysis of the patents presented for nanopowder research has shown that the most promising area of ​​scientific development is aluminum and precious metal nanopowders. Conclusions. Analysis of the world nanopowder market makes it possible to identify the following indicators that characterize its development: the common problem in the nanomaterials market is high cost of production, low volume of production and accessibility for the end consumer; the most developed nanopowder markets: USA, Europe and Asia-Pacific; projected growth rates during 2015-2020 The three largest components of the nanomaterials market: energy, production of catalysts, structural materials - 60%, 13% and 30% respectively; production of metal oxide products prevails in the world market of nanopowders; the most common types of raw materials: silica) - more than half of all production, titanium dioxide - 10% and alumina - 18%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Shaima Chowdhury Sharna ◽  
M Kamruzzaman

The aim of this study was to review the trend of production and export of jute as well as comparative advantages of jute export of Bangladesh, China and India. In the case of production, India is the leading country which is followed by Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Egypt and others. However, Bangladesh plays the supreme role over other countries in the world for exporting jute. Jute export fluctuated erratically over the past four decades in these three most jute exporting countries. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) has been enumerated for comparing the jute export advantages in the global market. Bangladesh always enjoys greater comparative advantages than China and India although the revealed comparative advantages are less in recent years than those were one decade ago. But it can’t catch the high-value market because exporters have mainly focused on raw jute while jute goods have high potentiality. The recommended issues urge to enhance the productivity of jute cultivation, inaugurate more diversified products, and explore new markets for exports. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 183-190,  August 2020


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