scholarly journals Efficacy of florfenicol for control of mortality associated with Flavobacterium columnare in tilapia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Thinh H. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test ◽  
Safe Concentration ◽  
Bath Challenge

The efficacy of florfenicol for control of mortality associated with Flavobacterium columnare was studied in tilapia. F. columnare T3-8/10 strain used for infection was tested for virulence by bath challenge to tilapia (body weight: BW 14 - 16 g) and antimicrobial sensitivity test. The results showed LD50 of this bacterial strain was 4.8×104 CFU/mL and it was sensitive to florfenicol. Experiment for control mortality caused by the bacterium in tilapia (BW 18 - 20 g) was designed with four treatments including negative control (uninfected fish), positive control, NT10 and NT15 (infected with LD50). Just after infection, fish in positive control, NT10 and NT15 treatments were treated with florfenicol at doses of 0, 10 and 15 mg/kg BW/day for 10 days, respectively, by feeding fish with medicated feed. Mortality of fish in positive control treatment after 14 days of infection was 54.0 ± 5.47% and statistically different in comparison with those in negative control, NT10 and NT15 treatments were 0.0, 3.0 ± 4.72 and 2.60 ± 2.51%, respectively (P < 0.05). Fish in NT10 and NT15 treatments were sampled for testing florfenicol residue in the flesh at day 1, 16, 20 and 24 after treatment. The results showed florfenicol residue levels in the flesh of sampled fish at all testing timepoints were significantly lower in comparison with the safe concentration lower than 1000 ppb regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam.

scholarly journals The Potency Of Extract Tegining Ganang Leaf (Cassia Planisiqua Burm.f.) As Analgesic On Mice (Mus musculus L.) By Chemical And Hot Plate Induction Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sister Sianturi ◽  
Amelia Febriani ◽  
Rahmi Syariifatul ◽  
Desy Satrana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
In Vivo Testing

<em>Tegining ganang (</em>Cassia planisiliqua<em>) is an indigenous plant of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara which has potentials to treat various diseases. Previous research showed that the plant has analgesic activity, but the results were still less satisfactory due to the low analgesic effectiveness (&lt;50 %). This study aimed to examine the analgesic potential of tegining ganang leaf extract through chemical induction and hot plate induction methods. In vivo testing was conducted on male mice using those two methods to evaluate plant effectiveness as both a central and peripheral analgesic. Tegining ganang leaves collected from the village of Peresak, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, were extracted in ethanol 70%. The treatments were extract dosages, viz. 200, 400, 800 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight (BW) of mice. The positive control treatments for the chemical induction and hot plate induction methods were Acetosal and Tramadol</em><em>, respectively. Meanwhile, the negative control treatment was Na CMC at 0.5%. The analgesic effectiveness of the extract in both chemical and hot plate induction methods was 50 %. The  optimum  effectiveness  for  chemical induction was at 800 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight, whereas for hot plate induction was at 200 mg.kg<sup>-1 </sup>body weight. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of tegining ganang leaves was potential to be developed as an analgesic material.</em>

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PARU TIKUS WISTAR SETELAH DIBERI PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novera Herdiani ◽  
Endah Budi Permana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Lung Histopathology

Abstract: Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung obstruction. One of the obstructions in real that iscaused by cigarette smoke is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress trigger inflammation response occur andlung obstruction. Cigarette smoke able to cause lung histopathology changes like lungs obstruction onalveolus wall. Red dragon fruit extract tackle free radical then able to against the oxidative stress. Theobjective of this study to examines the image of rat lung histopathology under exposed cigarette smoke.Twenty four Wistar rats divided four groups: negative control, positive control, red dragon fruit extracttreatment of 7,2 g/200 g WB, and red dragon fruit extract10,8 g/200 g WB. Negative control only givenstandard feed. Positive control given standar feed and exposed 21 cigarette per day. Treatment groupgiven feed during 21 days. In the 22nd day rats be sacrificed, the lung taken out for observation andimage of rat lung histopathology changes by making lung organ histopathology preparationhematoxicillin Eosion (HE) staining and observed under magnification light microscope 400x. The endresult of the study indicate the finding of changes in lung histopathology such as obstruction level overthe lung tissue higher, alveolar macrophage covered alveoli after being exposed cigarette smoke. Groupwhich does not exposed cigarette smoke, lung alveolus macrophage in normal condition, there are noobstruction or alveolus macrophage occurred, its alveolar macrophage does no covering alveoli.Treatment group administered fruit dragon extract dose 10,8 g/200 g WB and dose 7,2 g/200 g WB seemalmost the same with negative control treatment. Conclusion of the research is cigarette smoke exposecan influence the number of alveolar macrophage on wistar rats. Suggestion very required furtherresearch on oxdative stress parameter.

scholarly journals Application of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Reduce Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1β in Sprague Dawley Mice Suffering from Mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Prihantono Prihantono ◽  
Salman Ardi Syamsu ◽  
Nilam Smaradhania ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Aini Siagian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, usually caused by bacteria. Mastitis stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response. This cytokine has adverse effects of hosting immunity that mediates resistance to pathogens and also exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. has been used as an ethnomedicine for healing sores in several provinces in Indonesia. AIM: This study aimed to assess the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β through the treatment effect of leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. as adjuvant for healing mastitis. METHODS: This study was a true control group experiment using the pre-test-post-test control design aimed to measure the effect of hydroalcoholic compounds in leaf extracts of S. taccada on the systemic pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The treated animals were 18 mice of Sprague Dawley strain induced by Staphylococcus aureus. These treated mice were divided into three groups in which each group consisted of six mice. The mice in the Group I (negative control) were given 1 ml aquabides/250 g body weight, those in the Group II (positive control) were delivered with 9.6 mg/ml amoxicillin/250 g body weight, and those in the Group III (experimental) were given 9.6 mg amoxicillin/250 g body weight + 400 mg/ml leaf extracts of S. taccada/g body weight for 5 days, respectively. Pathological examinations were carried out from the inflamed tissues to prove the healing process of the treated mice. IL-1Β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of IL-1β levels after the administration of leaf extracts of S. taccada among all the treated mice groups at p < 0.05. The Group III had the lowest IL-1β level with the mean value ± 1.45 pg/ml compared to the IL-1β level in the Group II (positive control) with the mean value ± 3.82 pg/ml and the IL-1β level in the Group I (negative control) with the with mean value ± 5.22 pg/ml. The pathological analysis of breast tissues of the treated mice proved that leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn Roxb.) could reduce damaged tissues, cellular infiltration, and subcutaneous edema induced by this pathogenic microorganism. CONCLUSION: Leaf extracts of S. taccada had a significant function as adjuvant for healing mastitis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK AKAR PASAK BUMI (EURYCOMA LONGIFORA JACK) TERSTANDAR TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK TESTIS TIKUS WISTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Condro Suro Miyarso ◽  
Tri Cahyani Widiastuti ◽  
Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

The root of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) is one of plant from Indonesia known as aphrodisiac. The study about its standardized extract as aphrodisiac was show increasing libido, testosterone level, FSH and LH on male rats. This study was conducted to evaluate testosterone level and histopathological changes of the testes of male rats of standardized extract of pasak bumi root. There are 50 old male rats which ages 3-4 months old divided to five groups. Group I as negative control was administered aquadestilata. Group II as positive control was administered testosterone (Andriol®). Group III, IV and V ware given standardized extract of pasak bumi root at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight Respectively. The extract was given orally twice a day for six days and forty nine days and then the testes was taken out on 7th and 50th day. The histopathological of the testes was evaluated using quantitative parameter by the presence of testes weight, number and diameter of Leydig cells. Testosterone level was taken on 7th and 50th day used ELISA method. The results were analyzed using parametric test, one way ANOVA (P<0,05), post hoc Dunnet (2-sided) (P < 0,05). The result of this study shows that the standardized extract of pasak bumi root was not effect on histopathological changes of the testes but it could increased the level of testosterone m at the dose 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight.  Key word : Eurycoma longifolia, Jack, aphrodisiac, histopathological testes testosteron

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Sorbitol on Anti-Peptic Ulcer Activity of Anredera cordifolia Leaves Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Revika Rachmaniar ◽  
Egi MR. Sudrajat ◽  
Rida W. Fadla ◽  
Hary S. Pinuji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Controls

Anredera cordifolia or binahong is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that is used to treat peptic ulcer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sorbitol on anti-peptic ulcer activity of A. cordifolia leaves extracts in male Wistar rats. The plants were extracted using decoction method and freeze dried. Three liquid formulas were used i.e., i) a combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol; ii) only sorbitol; iii) extract only. The rats were divided into 6 groups, i.e., positive control (sucralfate 35 mg/kg body weight); negative control (80% ethanol); normal control; and 3 formulas. After the administration of the liquid formula, all groups, except normal control, were given 80% ethanol (l5 ml/kg body weight) to induce peptic ulcer. Antipeptic ulcer activity was evaluated using direct observation on rats gastric mucosa, and histopathology assessment. The result showed that the strongest anti-peptic ulcer  was shown by sorbitol only (96.95% inhibition),  followed by the combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol (92.68% inhibition). The formula which only contained extract showed only  31.70% inhibition.  Statistical analysis showed significant differences between formula 1 and 2 with negative controls. In conclusion, A. cordifolia leaves extract with the addition of sorbitol showed the strongest anti-peptic ulcer activity. Keyword: Anredera cordifolia, peptic ulcer, suspense, Wistar rat.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOLIS WITH ARTEMISININ COMBINATION THERAPY IN TREATING MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-264
Author(s):  
NURINDAH SALOKA TRISNANINGRUM ◽  
HENDRI ASTUTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Days Of Therapy

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of combination treatment with propolis and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)in avoiding further resistance to ACT.Methods: A total of 35 mice were injected with Plasmodium berghei and divided into six equal groups: No treatment (negative control), ACT alone(positive control), 75-mg propolis/kg body weight (BW), 150-mg propolis/kg BW, ACT with 75-mg propolis/kg BW, and ACT with 150-mg propolis/kg BW. After 7 days of therapy, parasite density was calculated using a thin blood smear.Results: Parasite density significantly declined after combination treatment with ACT and 150-mg propolis/kg BW.Conclusion: Therapy with propolis alone showed no inhibitory effect on parasites, although its 150-mg/kg-BW dose was effective as an ACT adjuvantmalaria therapy in mice.

scholarly journals KULIT BUAH JERUK LIMAU (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Osche) SEBAGAI ANALGESIK

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
R. A. I. K. Maharani ◽  
N. K. Cahyaningsih ◽  
M. D. Abimanyu ◽  
K. W. Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Negative Controls

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the treatment options for relieving pain. However, long-term use can trigger gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, alternative analgesics which have the same therapeutic effect with lower side effects are needed. Limau (Citrus amblycarpa) is an empirical drug for tingling and cramping. The aim of the study is to determine the analgesic activity of ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa fruit peel. The method used in testing analgesic activity is the Hot Plate method. The study was conducted by dividing 30 mice into 6 groups. The group given CMC-Na 1% was used as a negative control, the group given suspension of sodium diclofenac dose of 6.5 mg/kg of body weight was used as a positive control, and the group given suspension of ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa fruit peel with dose variations 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight. The test animals were placed on top of the Hot Plate with a temperature of 70°C at 30 minutes after giving suspension test and the response time of mice to heat was observed every 30 minutes for 3 hours with cut off time 15 second. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the administration of ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa fruit peel with 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight gave analgesic activity on mice compared to the negative controls (CMC-Na 1%).   Keywords: C. amblycarpa, Fruit Peel, Analgesics, Hot Plate 

scholarly journals Enzymatic programs for broilers

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Otávio Berti Sorbara ◽  
Alice Eiko Murakami ◽  
Eliane Saiuri Nakage ◽  
Francisco Piracés ◽  
Alexandra Potença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Phase

Two trials were conducted on floor pens to evaluate the performance of broilers fed with diets contained different carbohydrases enzyme programs at different ages. Trial 1- The body weight gain (BWG) was affected by the Negative Control (NC) treatment (P<0.05). However, when the birds were fed with the NC diet + Amilase (AMY)+Xilanase (XYL), the BWG improved and reached the same level as the Positive Control (PC). Trial 2- The birds received enzymes supplementation in the total phase and others only in the grower phase.The ME reduction by 120 kcal/kg increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05) when compared to PC and none of the enzyme programs was able to recover the performance. It can be concluded that it is possible to supplement with AMY during the role period of broiler chicken life or use an enzymatic program with AMY or AMY+XYL only in the grower phase.

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